19 童年的激情 · 我永遠不會送我的孩子去學校

# 19.童年的激情 [TOC=3,5] ## 19 Childhood passions ## 童年的激情 ### 19.1 Childhood passions ### 童年的激情 Parents often dream of choosing a career for a child. They often understand that a good passion is the best formula for a good career. However, seeding passions is not easy. The most productive passions are those that arise naturally. Like in [childhood amnesia](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Childhood_amnesia), passions are subject to similar processes of [forgetting](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Forgetting), and [interference](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Interference). A new passion can obscure an old passion. All passions should be cherished as they drive development. If the passion does not meet adult criteria for "worthwhile pursuit", all efforts at redirection must stay within the [push zone](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Push_zone). In the end, the kid should decide. All passions are of value: [videogames](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Videogames), [hip hop](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Hip_hop), or even boxing. They should never be mocked, disrupted, or neglected. Great passions require a great investment of time and energy. In youth, those are primarily stolen by [schooling](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Schooling). However, even limited time for passions is of little value if there is a deficit in the level of the [learn drive](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Learn_drive) that may be [suppressed by schooling](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Schools_suppress_the_learn_drive) \(e.g. due to stress or bad sleep\). 父母常常夢想為孩子選擇一個職業。他們常常明白，一個有益的激情是一個良好職業生涯的最佳方案。然而，播種激情并不容易。最富有成效的激情是那些自然產生的激情。和[童年失憶癥](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Childhood_amnesia)一樣，激情也會經歷類似的[遺忘](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Forgetting)和[干擾](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Interference)過程。新的激情可以掩蓋舊的激情。我們要珍惜一切推動發展的激情。如果這種激情不符合成年人對「有價值的追求」的標準，所有重新定向的努力都必須停留在「[推動區](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Push_zone)」之內。最后，孩子應該做出決定。所有的激情都是有價值的：[電子游戲](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Videogames)，[嘻哈](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Hip_hop)，甚至拳擊。他們不應該被嘲笑、擾亂或忽視。偉大的激情需要投入大量的時間和精力。在青年時期，這些時間和精力主要是被[學校教育](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Schooling)偷走的。然而，如果[學校教育抑制](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Schools_suppress_the_learn_drive)（例如壓力或糟糕的睡眠）了[學習內驅力](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Learn_drive)的水平，那么即使是給激情有限的時間也沒有什么價值。 > **One of the greatest sins of schooling is that it destroys passions by undermining the learn drive** > > **學校教育最大的罪惡之一就是通過破壞學習內驅力來摧毀激情** ### 19.2 School notebooks ### 學校筆記本 I love to review children's notebooks. They give me an insight into kid interests, passions, motivations, and learning. Some notebooks are messy and hard to read, some are spotless, some seem a mindless rendition of teacher's orders, while others seem to tell a better story: kids are passionate students of the natural world. The practice of making notes is in decline. Why bother with notes if all knowledge is available at fingertips on the web? This week I saw 9-year-olds talk about a fantasy movie. Someone confused a minotaur with a centaur. A girl pulled out a phone and issued a Google voice query in Polish "_What is a minotaur?_". She got an answer from Wikipedia in milliseconds and could boast of her knowledge to others. In seconds, all kids knew that a minotaur was a mythical figure with a body of a man and the head of a bull. 我喜歡看兒童的筆記本。它們讓我了解到孩子的興趣、激情、動機和學習。有些筆記本凌亂難讀，有些一塵不染，有些似乎是對老師命令的無意識演繹，而另一些似乎講述了一個更好的故事：孩子們是充滿激情的自然世界的學生。做筆記的習慣正在減少。如果所有的知識都在網上觸手可及，為什么還要費心記筆記呢？這周我看到 9 歲的孩子在談論一部奇幻電影。有人把人身牛頭怪和人頭馬混淆了。一個女孩拿出手機，用波蘭語發出了一個谷歌語音查詢：「_牛頭怪是什么？_」。她在幾毫秒內就從維基百科上得到了答案，并且可以向別人夸耀她的知識。幾秒鐘后，所有的孩子都知道牛頭怪是一個神話人物，有一個男人的身體和一頭公牛的頭。 Some teachers specifically instruct kids to keep no notes and focus on the class. This seems to improve attention. The great advantage of the decline in note-taking is that heavy back-breaking school bags are slowly retiring to history. The great disadvantage is the decline in handwriting skills. I use handwriting only when I have no access to a computer. The loss of my own handwriting skills is so bad that if I do not read my notes fast, I cannot decode them. My hand-written notes are generally not readable. These days kids use a pen less and less often. Perhaps electronic pens will remedy that decline in handwriting? 有些老師特別教導孩子們不要記筆記，專心聽講。這似乎能提高注意力。記筆記減少的最大好處是沉重的書包正在慢慢地退出歷史。最大的缺點是書寫技能的下降。我只有在沒有電腦的時候才用手寫。我自己的書寫技能的喪失是如此糟糕，如果我不能快速閱讀筆記，我就無法破譯它們。我手寫的筆記一般看不懂。現在孩子們用筆越來越少了。也許電子筆能彌補手寫能力的下降？ ### 19.3 Notes in pictures ### 圖片中的標注 Look at the picture! It is a page from a 6 grader's biology notebook. Doesn't it show how beautiful, fun, and inspirational schooling can be? What if I told you that this notebook had 66 similar meticulously handcrafted images? Wouldn't you expect that paintwork to have a significant impact on child's mind and on learning? Even better, what if I told you the kid can still vividly recall those pictures and associated stories 40 years later? 看這幅畫！這是一個六年級學生生物筆記本上的一頁。這難道不表明學校教育是多么美好、有趣和鼓舞人心嗎？如果我告訴你這個筆記本有 66 個類似的精心制作的圖像呢？你不認為繪畫作品會對孩子的思維和學習產生重大影響嗎？更棒的是，如果我告訴你，40 年后這個孩子還能生動地回憶起那些照片和相關的故事，那會怎么樣？ ![A page from a 6 grader's biology notebook](https://box.kancloud.cn/bceffdd42dc1b836b3e85d8ce8124177_469x600.jpg) > **Figure:** A page from a passionate 6-grader's school notebook in biology > > **圖：** 一個充滿激情的六年級學生的生物課筆記本上的一頁 The conclusions for this case seem clear: 這個案例的結論似乎很清楚： * school is fun * 學校很有趣 * school is motivational * 學校能鼓舞學生 * school is effective * 學校是有效的 * school makes a big impact * 學校有很大的影響 The only problem with these conclusions is that they are false. The picture smuggles a big lie. I know the lie for a fact, because the picture is mine. It tells a story of a passion that was nearly lost. The school is not a hero in this story. It is a villain! 這些結論的唯一問題是它們是錯誤的。這幅畫偷偷地撒了個彌天大謊。我知道這是謊話，因為這張照片是我的。它講述了一個幾乎失去激情的故事。學校在這個故事里不是英雄。而是個惡棍！ ### 19.4 Single event can spark a passion ### 單個事件可以激發激情 At the age of 5, Albert Einstein had a chance to play with a compass. This started his lifelong passion for understanding the physical universe. Nearly all great inventors and discoverers can trace their passions to early childhood events. The same is true of hobbyists, collectors, artist, sports fans, and people with all imaginable passions in life. Passions developed later in life rarely have the same power. It is kids with seemingly infinite amounts of time on their hands who can turn passions into thousands of hours of learning. 5 歲時，Albert Einstein 有機會玩指南針。這開啟了他畢生對理解物理宇宙的熱情。幾乎所有偉大的發明家和發現者都能追溯他們的激情到童年早期的事件。同樣的道理也適用于業余愛好者、收藏家、藝術家、體育迷，以及生活中充滿激情的人。在人生后期發展起來的激情很少有同樣的力量。孩子們似乎擁有無限的時間，他們可以把激情轉化為數千小時的學習。 > Personal anecdote. [Why use anecdotes?](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Why_use_anecdotes%3F) > > 個人軼事。[為什么使用軼事？](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Why_use_anecdotes%3F) > > My brother was a forest inspector. When I was still in kindergarten, he showed me the wonders of the natural world. This affected the course of my entire life. In March 1973, my teacher of Polish came to school with a baby turtle. It was a red-eared slider turtle. It was super-cute. She put the turtle on a bench. Surrounded by kids, the cute animal, scared to death, flapped its baby legs and rushed towards the bench edge. This 3 minute demo was one of the most influential moments of schooling I recall. The same day, I visited a pet shop at Rybaki street in the city of Poznan. Baby turtles were priced at less than a dollar. Unfortunately, I lost half of my cash for a tram fare. I was a habitual fare dodger, and never spent precious coins on tram rides, but on this unlucky day I spotted a guard checking tickets. I had to backtrack home and beg my mom for more money. When chatting with the shop owner, he became suspicious: "Do you only plan to set up an aquarium now?". "No. I have it all ready" - I lied. Back at home, we had a major quarrel with my mom. We did not know anything about turtles. She wanted the baby to swim in a jar. I told her it must be placed in a terrarium with sand and only a small pool of water. Looking back, I am amazed this little reptile survived its first days with ignorant human oppressors. Luckily, I quickly learned more about turtles from books, experience, and from talking to a pet shop owner, one Mr Skubel. Baby slider soon developed a good appetite for meat, lettuce and tubifex, and survived for 24 years with my family. It died "peacefully in sleep" on Mar 21, 1997. > > 我哥哥是一名森林督察。當我還在幼兒園的時候，他給我展示了大自然的奇觀。這影響了我的一生。1973 年 3 月，我的波蘭老師帶著一只小烏龜來到學校。那是一只紅耳滑龜，超級可愛。她把烏龜放在凳子上。在孩子們的包圍下，這只可愛的動物嚇得要死，拍打著它幼小的腿，沖向板凳邊緣。這個 3 分鐘的演示是我記憶中上學最具影響力的時刻之一。同一天，我參觀了波茲南市瑞巴克街的一家寵物店。小海龜的價格不到一美元。不幸的是，我失去一半現錢用來買電車車票。我是個慣于逃票的人，從來沒有在乘電車時花過寶貴的硬幣，但在這個倒霉的日子里，我看見一個警衛在檢票。我不得不回到家里，向媽媽要更多的錢。當和店主聊天時，他開始懷疑：「你現在只打算建一個水族館嗎？」「沒有。我已經準備好了」——我撒了個謊。回到家，我們和媽媽大吵了一架。我們對海龜一無所知。她想讓小海龜在罐子里游泳。我告訴她必須把它放在一個只有沙子和一小池水的玻璃容器里。回顧過去，我很驚訝這只小爬行動物能在無知的人類壓迫者的陪伴下存活下來。幸運的是，我很快就從書中、從經驗中、從與寵物店老板 Skubel 的交談中，對海龜有了更多的了解。小海龜很快就對肉、生菜和水絲蚓產生了良好的食欲，并與我的家人一起生活了 24 年。1997 年 3 月 21 日，它在睡夢中平靜地死去。 > > This baby turtle started a passion for breeding fish, plants, turtles, hamsters, and more. My home became a menagerie. Instead of shopping, I would go to a nearby lake. I would experiment with various algae, snails, and crustaceans. My aquariums were always full of exuberant life and algal growth. > > 這只小海龜打開了我對繁殖魚類、植物、海龜、倉鼠等的激情。我的家變成了一個動物園。我將不去購物，而是去附近的一個湖。我會用各種藻類、蝸牛和甲殼類動物做實驗。我的水族館總是充滿了生機勃勃的生命和藻類生長。 > > In parallel, in my biology class, all things related to zoology seemed super-interesting. For each class, I would prepare 2-3 nice pictures of animals, their anatomy, physiology or life cycle. Like in the presented picture, I would add a page or two of nice descriptions. It was not homework. The teacher did not ask for my work. It was all coming from within. Even worse, I recall bending over backwards to impress the teacher. All I could get back was a yawn. That would not matter though. The passion served some inner need. It did not serve anyone in the world. It satisfied my [learn drive](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Learn_drive), which is its own reward. > > 與此同時，在我的生物課上，所有與動物學有關的東西似乎都非常有趣。每節課，我會準備 2 - 3 張動物的圖片，它們的解剖，生理或生命周期。就像在展示的圖片中一樣，我會添加一兩頁漂亮的描述。這不是家庭作業。老師沒有要求我做作業。一切都來自內心。更糟糕的是，我回憶起為了給老師留下深刻印象而竭盡全力。我所能得到的只是一個呵欠。不過這并不重要。激情滿足了某種內在的需求。它不為世界上任何人服務。它滿足了我的[學習內驅力](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Learn_drive)，這是它自己的獎勵。 > > I saw my baby turtle at school. I could have seen it anywhere. It would not matter. School was not fun. School was not motivational. School did not play a role. It was the beauty of the natural world that had an effect on a young curious mind. If anything, school kept my passions suppressed by stealing a big portion of my day on things I did not care about \(e.g. my school fights\) > > 我在學校看到我的小烏龜。我可以在任何地方看到它。這無關緊要。上學一點也不好玩。學校不能激勵。學校沒有發揮作用。大自然的美對一個好奇的年輕人產生了影響。如果說有什么不同的話，那就是學校把我的大部分時間都用在了我不關心的事情上（比如在學校打架），從而壓抑了我的熱情。 ### 19.5 Remembering for half-a-century ### 記住半個世紀 How can knowledge be retained for 43 years? 知識如何能保存 43 年？ > Personal anecdote. [Why use anecdotes?](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Why_use_anecdotes%3F) > > 個人軼事。[為什么使用軼事？](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Why_use_anecdotes%3F) > > I had a lot of contact with zoology in youth. I took part in Biology Olympics in high school. I also took a zoology course at the university with a comprehensive exam \(9 years after buying the turtle\). That would serve as solid review for my zoology knowledge. One might presume that the seeds had been sown in the 6th grade \(1973\), reinforced in high school \(1976-1980\), and consolidated at the university \(1982\). This might then look like a textbook case of lifetime knowledge! However, I severed all my links with zoology by 1984. All my animal collection, incl. my growing turtle, was taken over by younger members of my family. No more animals, no more exams. > > 我年輕時接觸過很多動物學。我在高中參加了生物奧賽。我還在大學里修了一門動物學課程，參加了綜合考試（買海龜 9 年后）。這將作為我動物學知識的堅實復習。人們可能會認為，這些種子是在六年級（1973 年）播下的，在高中（1976 - 1980 年）得到強化，在大學（1982 年）得到鞏固。這可能看起來像教科書上的終身知識案例！然而，我在1984 年切斷了與動物學的所有聯系。我所有的動物收藏，包括我正在長大的烏龜，都被我家里的年輕成員接管了。不再有動物，不再有考試。 > > How could I have remembered things for 32 more years without review? From 1984 till now \(2016\)! > > 如果沒有復習，我怎么能再記住 32 年呢？1984 年至今（2016 年）！ > > One big clue comes from the fact that my 6-grade notes sound to me as if written in a foreign language! Anatomy charts are familiar. Life cycles are familiar. However, words that describe pictures are alien! Long after my last zoology exam, when I decided to keep all my notes in the computer, I also decided to switch to using English \(rather than original native Polish\). English is global. English is the language of science. English is easier to search through on a computer. English knowledge resources are richer and more reliable. etc. The list of advantages of English is endless. I decided to make a switch in 1987. The fact that I hardly recall the terminology used in my own primary school notebook is a clear proof that my knowledge of zoology, seeded early, had to be refreshed outside schooling. I can actually trace each single animal I know, and each single word related to zoology in my own computer. I can tell you when I learned a given fact, or word, or picture, how many times I reviewed those facts, and how my memory gradually got stronger \(or weaker\). The credit goes to SuperMemo > > 一個重要的線索來自于我的 6 年級筆記聽起來像是用外語寫的！解剖圖很熟悉。生命周期是熟悉的。然而，描述圖片的詞是陌生的！上次動物學考試后很久，我決定把所有的筆記都放在電腦里，我也決定改用英語（而不是波蘭語）。英語是全球性的，英語是科學的語言，在電腦上搜索英語更容易，英語知識資源更加豐富可靠，等等。英語的優點數不勝數。1987 年我決定換工作。我幾乎記不起我小學時筆記本上使用的術語，這一事實清楚地證明，我的動物學知識，早在播種之初，必須在校外重新學習。我可以在自己的電腦里追蹤我認識的每一種動物，以及每一個與動物學相關的單詞。我可以告訴你，當我學習一個給定的事實、單詞或圖片時，我復習了多少次這些事實，以及我的記憶力是如何逐漸增強（或減弱）的。這要歸功于 SuperMemo > > SuperMemo insert. [What is SuperMemo?](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/What_is_SuperMemo%3F) > > SuperMemo 插入。[SuperMemo 是什么？](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/What_is_SuperMemo%3F) > > I keep all my knowledge in [SuperMemo](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/SuperMemo). I do not need to remember the name "horse". We all remember horses. We see horses daily on TV, on the net, or even in real life. However, to remember names of horse colors or horse breeds, I need SuperMemo. Those do not show up often enough to stay in memory. After 1990, my knowledge of zoology survived largely due to [SuperMemo](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/SuperMemo). If I devoted a fraction of time wasted on commuting to school on SuperMemo, my knowledge would increase by an order of magnitude. Mobile technology would only help fractionally because [incremental learning](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Incremental_learning) does not fare well on the go. There is an exponential increase in the return on investment with all marginal improvements to the adherence to the [natural creativity cycle](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Natural_creativity_cycle). Only "mindless" repetitions would work on a bus. If I did not have to go to school, I could use most of my day on passionate learning. My knowledge might still be one-sided and monothematic for a longer while. However, I have proven that [I would open that history book sooner or later](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Learning_history:_school_vs._self-directed_learning#How_I_started_liking_history). The extra time saved by not going to school might accelerate the process of broadening of my horizons. I am sure that **instead of being helpful, school slowed my progress**. > > 我把所有的知識都記在 [SuperMemo](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/SuperMemo) 里。我不需要記住「馬」這個名字。我們都記得馬。我們每天都能在電視上、網上甚至現實生活中看到馬。然而，要記住馬的顏色或馬的品種，我需要 SuperMemo。它們并不經常出現在記憶中。1990 年以后，我對動物學的了解很大程度上得益于 [SuperMemo](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/SuperMemo)。如果我將上學路上浪費一小部分時間用于 SuperMemo，我的知識就會增長一個數量級。移動技術只會略微有所幫助，因為[漸進學習](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Incremental_learning)的進展并不順利。投資回報呈指數級增長，所有對堅持[自然創造力周期](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Natural_creativity_cycle)的邊際改善都是如此。在公共汽車上，只有「無意識」的重復才能奏效。如果我不用上學，我可以把我的大部分時間用在充滿激情的學習上。在很長一段時間內，我的知識可能仍然是片面和單一的。然而，我已經證明，[我遲早會翻開那本歷史書](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Learning_history:_school_vs._self-directed_learning#How_I_started_liking_history)。不上學節省的額外時間可能會加快我開闊視野的進程。我確信**學校非但沒有幫助我，反而減緩了我的進步**。 ### 19.6 Schooling can easily kill passions ### 學校教育很輕易地扼殺激情 > Personal anecdote. [Why use anecdotes?](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Why_use_anecdotes%3F) > > 個人軼事。[為什么使用軼事？](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Why_use_anecdotes%3F) > > If I saw a kid like myself at 10-12 years old, I might easily think it is a great material for a future scientist. Like little Darwin, I collected all things related to the living world: from a collection of feathers to dried up and smelly dead animals or body parts. Our big old apartment smelled of my extensive menagerie and death. I used to walk slowly through Poznan zoo, cage by cage, observing, making notes, for hours, for months! This documentary obsession followed closely in time the most shameful chapters of my youth. First, I was a hooligan and a harmless criminal. Not much later, I was an observer of the natural world. To this day, I find this transition difficult to comprehend. One might think that such a speedy transformation in a good direction should give birth to a passion that might send me on a healthy trajectory towards some research position at some university. It was not to be. > > 如果我在 10 - 12 歲的時候看到一個像我這樣的孩子，我很容易就會認為這是未來科學家的好材料。就像小達爾文一樣，我收集了所有與生命世界有關的東西：從羽毛到干枯、發臭的死動物或身體部位。我們那間又大又舊的公寓里彌漫著我豐富的動物群和死亡的氣息。我過去常常慢慢地走過波茲南動物園，一個籠子一個籠子地觀察，做筆記，幾個小時，幾個月！這種對紀錄片的癡迷緊跟著我年輕時代最可恥的篇章。首先，我是個流氓，是個沒有惡意的罪犯。不久之后，我成了一個自然世界的觀察者。直到今天，我仍然很難理解這種轉變。有人可能會認為，如此快速的向好的方向轉變，應該會產生一種激情，可能會讓我走上一條健康的軌道，進入某所大學的某個研究崗位。這是不可能的。 > > In this modern world, young minds are bombarded from all directions with new ideas, and temptations. It is hard to be well-focused on a single problem or passion. The days of 17-19 century science are gone. For comfort, at least we die a bit later and have more time to crystallize and explore. > > 在這個現代世界里，年輕人的思想受到來自四面八方的新思想和誘惑的轟擊。很難把注意力完全集中在一個問題或激情上。17 - 19 世紀的科學時代已經一去不復返了。為了尋求安慰，至少我們會晚一點死去，有更多的時間去具體化和探索。 > > Events that changed me from a [bad student to a good student](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Socialization:_Personal_stories) also dealt a big blow to my zoological passions. I was thrown away from my old school for bad behavior. This coincided with my mom's moving to a small apartment in a nicer district closer to a better school \(Winogrady in Poznan, primary school 30\). I had to cut down on the size of my animal collection and give away most of my 30+ strong hamster family. There was not enough room in the new apartment. My mom also disposed of a great deal of my "Darwinian specimen collection". It was too big and it smelled too bad. We would choke! At the same time, new school rewarded me with good grades. Instead of following passions, I got involved in a "grade race". Luckily, [meeting the chemistry teacher Mrs Kaczmarek helped me continue my interest in science and also gain a great deal of confidence in my own abilities](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Great_teachers_change_the_world). > > 把我從[一個壞學生變成一個好學生](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Socialization:_Personal_stories)的事件也對我的動物學激情造成了巨大的打擊。我因為行為不端而被學校開除了。與此同時，我媽媽搬到了一個更漂亮的小區，離一所更好的學校更近（Poznan Winogrady 第 30 小學）。我不得不縮減我的動物收藏的規模，把我 30 多只強壯的倉鼠家族的大部分都捐了出去。新公寓沒有足夠的房間。我媽媽也處理了我的大量「達爾文標本收藏」。它太大了，聞起來也太難聞了。我們會窒息！與此同時，新學校以優異的成績獎勵我。我沒有追隨自己的激情，而是參加了一場「成績競賽」。幸運的是，[遇見化學老師 Kaczmarek 夫人幫助我繼續我對科學的興趣，也讓我對自己的能力有了很大的信心](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Great_teachers_change_the_world)。 > > When I entered high school, the passion for zoology was still surviving. It was now enhanced by my new strength in chemistry. Our home library had a nice book: [Peter Karlson's Biochemistry](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Modern-Biochemistry-Fourth-Karlson/dp/0123997313). This was a savior of my interests, esp. in the light of ever growing dislike of school, early waking, tests, homework, and pressure. During summer vacations, I studied biochemistry. This learning time helped me later get to the university despite having few other strengths or qualifications. > > 當我進入高中時，對動物學的激情仍然存在。現在我在化學方面的新優勢使它得到了加強。我們的家庭圖書館有一本好書：[Peter Karlson 的《生物化學》](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Modern-Biochemistry-Fourth-Karlson/dp/0123997313)。這是我興趣的救星，尤其是在我越來越討厭上學、早起、考試、家庭作業和壓力的情況下。暑假期間，我學習了生物化學。這段學習時間幫助我后來進入了大學，盡管我沒有其他優勢或資格。 > > In 1977, aged 15, I almost killed my passion for science. I joined a boxing club, but that "career" was cut short by 1980 due to shortsightedness. At the same time, my sister gave me a tape recorder. I recorded a few songs from the radio, and discovered that I love music. When I saw Stevie Wonder perform funky _Superstition_, I dreamt of being equally proficient with the piano keyboard. For eight long years, music became my biggest obsession. Partly, I blame school. After school, sleep deprived, I did not have any power or interest in learning. I did not know it at the time, but I was probably showing early signs of [DSPS](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/DSPS). This made waking early a torture. Even classes at 10 am seemed too early. In the evening, all I could do was to listen to music. During summer vacations, as if by magic, I would get good sleep and get back to learning. During school year, it was mostly music. Additionally, I devoted 2-3 afternoons per week to boxing. The magic of music seemed irresistible. However, I was somehow able to find harmony in summer: learning, exercise, and much less music. **If I did not have summer vacations, my interest in biochemistry would have died**. If I did not have school, I would probably find time for all passions. My life would be harmonious and productive. > > 1977 年，年僅 15 歲的我幾乎扼殺了對科學的熱情。我加入了一個拳擊俱樂部，但到 1980 年，由于近視，這個「職業」被縮短了。同時，我姐姐給了我一臺錄音機。我從收音機里錄了幾首歌，發現我喜歡音樂。當我看到 Stevie Wonder 表演《funky Superstition》時，我夢想自己也能熟練使用鋼琴鍵盤。在長達八年的時間里，音樂成為我最大的愛好。部分原因要歸咎于學校。放學后，由于睡眠不足，我沒有任何學習的動力和興趣。當時我并不知道，但我可能已經出現了早期的 [DSPS](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/DSPS) 癥狀。這使得早起成為一種折磨。甚至上午 10 點的課似乎也太早了。晚上，我能做的就是聽音樂。暑假期間，就像變魔術一樣，我能睡個好覺，重新開始學習。在學校里，主要是音樂。此外，我每周花 2 - 3 個下午打拳擊。音樂的魔力似乎不可抗拒。然而，不知怎么的，我在夏天找到了和諧：學習，鍛煉，更少的音樂。**如果我沒有暑假，我對生物化學的興趣就會消失**。如果我沒有上學，我可能會找到時間去做所有的事情。我的生活會和諧而富有成效。 > > If I am to verdict on how my early science passions survived the high school, I would definitely credit my character. My natural rebelliousness made me refuse early waking, refuse homework, and refuse compulsory reading: the most significant thief of time at high school. This in turn minimized the damage to my learn drive, which powered my summer learning. In addition, with each passing year, my maturity kept increasing. Slowly, I gave higher priority to rational pursuits \(science\) over pleasurable pursuits \(music\). By 1984, when I finally had some success in the field of music, one by one, I quit all three bands I was involved in. Each separation was excruciatingly painful, and accompanied by a lengthy rationale letter to my fellow musician friends. Those steps were necessary for me to continue with science and research. Youthful passions survived despite schooling, immaturity, and multiple temptations of the modern world. It was a touch and go. On a sad note, I totally lost my painting skills through neglect. > > 如果讓我來評判我早期對科學的激情是如何從高中時代延續下來的，我肯定會相信我的性格。我天生的叛逆使我拒絕早起，拒絕做作業，拒絕強制閱讀：這是高中最浪費時間的行為。這反過來又使我的學習內驅力受到的損害最小化，而正是這種內驅力為我的暑期學習提供了動力。此外，隨著年齡的增長，我的成熟度也在不斷提高。慢慢地，我把理性的追求（科學）置于快樂的追求（音樂）之上。1984 年，當我終于在音樂領域取得一些成功時，我一個接一個地退出了我所參與的三個樂隊。每一次分離都是極其痛苦的，并伴隨著一封給我的音樂家朋友們的長信。這些步驟對我繼續從事科學研究是必要的。盡管學校教育、不成熟以及現代世界的種種誘惑，年輕人的激情依然存在。這是一次冒險。遺憾的是，由于忽視，我完全喪失了繪畫技巧。 I see lots of 8-10 year olds with fantastic passions. It does not really matter if these are planets, dolphins, painting, or football cards. Those passions should be cherished. My own story makes me fear that a vast majority of that potential will go to waste. I have lots of sad observational and anecdotal evidence. Lots of my young friends with humongous potential get sucked into the ruthless machinery of modern nine-to-five living. They are not happy. Each young man's potential wasted is a loss for mankind. 我看到很多 8 - 10 歲的孩子都充滿激情。無論這些是行星、海豚、繪畫還是足球卡片，其實都無關緊要。我們應該珍惜這些激情。我自己的經歷讓我擔心，這些潛力中的絕大部分將被浪費掉。我有很多可悲的觀察和軼事證據。我的許多有巨大潛力的年輕朋友都被現代朝九晚五的殘酷生活所吸引。他們不快樂。每個年輕人潛在的浪費對人類來說是一種損失。 > From decade to decade we crank up the pressure of schooling. We push kids harder and harder to achieve more and more. In the process, **schools are highly efficient killers of childhood passions and the learn drive**. This is highly detrimental to further progress of mankind > > 十年又十年，我們加大了上學的壓力。我們督促孩子們越來越努力，取得越來越多的成績。在這個過程中，**學校是扼殺童年激情和學習內驅力的高效殺手**。這對人類的進一步進步是極為不利的 ### 19.7 Summary: Childhood passions ### 摘要：童年的激情 * minor events in childhood can turn into lifelong passions * 童年的小事情可以變成一生的激情 * child passions have a dramatic positive impact on the power of the [learn drive](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Learn_drive) * 孩子的激情對[學習內驅力](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Learn_drive)有著巨大的積極影響 * child passions should be cherished and protected * 應該珍惜和保護兒童的激情 * true passions do not need to be stoked up; they serve an inner need * 真正的激情不需要被點燃；它們服務于內心的需求 * childhood passions can easily get lost due to preoccupation with schooling * 童年的激情很容易因為對上學的專注而喪失 * schools can easily produce an illusion of learning and an illusion of long-term memory * 學校很容易產生學習和長期記憶的錯覺 * schools take away time from passions that shape the mind and direct lives * 學校把時間從塑造思想和指導生活的激情中抽走 * schools suppress the [learn drive](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Learn_drive) * 學校抑制了[學習內驅力](https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Learn_drive)