再來看第二種通過官方自帶的mysqld_multi實現多實例實戰： 通過官方自帶的mysqld_multi使用單獨的配置文件來實現多實例，這種方式定制每個實例的配置不太方面，優點是管理起來很方便，集中管理。下面就分別來實戰這兩種多實例的安裝和管理 * * * * * > 環境介紹： > mysql 版本：5.5.29 > 操作系統：Centos 5.5 > mysql實例數：3個 > 實例占用端口分別為：3306、3307、3308 這里的mysql安裝以及數據庫的初始化和前面的步驟一樣。 ## 必要軟件包 ``` yum -y install ncurses-devel gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* libtool make cmake ``` ## 創建mysql用戶 ``` /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql -s /sbin/nologin ``` ## 編譯安裝MySQL ``` tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.29.tar.gz && cd mysql-5.5.29 #默認情況下是安裝在/usr/local/mysql cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \ -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci make && make install ``` ## 初始化數據庫 ``` /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306/data --user=mysql /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3307/data --user=mysql /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3308/data --user=mysql ``` 為什么要初始化數據庫? 答:初始化的主要目的就是創建基礎的數據庫文件,例如生成MySQL庫,表等. ## 授權數據庫權限給mysql用戶 ``` setfacl -m u:mysql:rwx -R /data setfacl -m d:u:mysql:rwx -R /data ``` ## mysqld_multi的配置 `vim /etc/my.cnf` ``` [mysqld_multi] mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin user = admin password = password [mysqld1] socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock port = 3306 pid-file = /data/dbdata_3306/3306.pid datadir = /data/dbdata_3306/data user = mysql skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 3306 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqld2] socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock port = 3307 pid-file = /data/dbdata_3307/3307.pid datadir = /data/dbdata_3307/data user = mysql skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 3307 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqld3] socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock port = 3308 pid-file = /data/dbdata_3308/3308.pid datadir = /data/dbdata_3308/data user = mysql skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 3308 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 256M [mysql] no-auto-rehash prompt=\\u@rose \\r:\\m:\\s> [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit = 8192 ``` ## 更改環境變量 ``` export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH # 或者 vim /etc/profile PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:${PATH} source /etc/profile ``` ## mysqld_multi啟動 ``` /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 2 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3 # 或采用一條命令的形式 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3 ``` ## 更改原來密碼（出于安全考慮，還需要刪除系統中沒有密碼的帳號） ``` /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock ``` ## 登錄MySQL并創建admin賬戶密碼(停止mysql的時候需要使用) ``` /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; flush privileges; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; flush privileges; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; flush privileges; ``` ## mysqld_multi關閉進程(測試無效) ``` /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi stop 1 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi stop 1-3 ``` 管理的話，在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock，如果在遠程可以通過不同的端口連接上去做管理操作。其他的和單實例的管理沒什么區別！ 相關博文參考：? [mysql多實例的配置和管理](http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20639775-id-3438560.html)