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                [TOC] ***** # 4.1 遍歷整個列表 **遍歷列表** :之后可以包含縮進的多行代碼,代碼塊 ``` magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina'] for magician in magicians: print(magician.title() + ", that was a great trick!") print("I can't wait to see your next trick, " + magician.title() + ".\\n") ``` # 4.2 避免縮進錯誤 Python根據縮進來判斷代碼行與前一個代碼行的關系。在前面的示例中,向各位魔術師顯示消息的代碼行是for循環的一部分,因為它們縮進了 ![](https://img.kancloud.cn/ad/a4/ada4e00828beaceadc36f8269d858d02_414x210.png) **注意** for語句末尾不要漏掉冒號 # 4.3 創建數值列表 ## 4.3.1 使用函數 range() range()生成一系列的數字 ![](https://img.kancloud.cn/ad/a4/ada4e00828beaceadc36f8269d858d02_414x210.png) ## 4.3.2 使用 range()創建數字列表 用函數list()將range()的結果轉換為列表 生成1到5的數字列表 ![](https://img.kancloud.cn/ad/a4/ada4e00828beaceadc36f8269d858d02_414x210.png) **指定生成數字列表的步長** ![](https://img.kancloud.cn/ad/a4/ada4e00828beaceadc36f8269d858d02_414x210.png) **兩個星號(**)表示乘方運算** ``` int a = 5; b = a**2; # b =25 ``` ## 4.3.3 對數字列表執行簡單的統計計算 ``` digits = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0] min(digits) max(digits) sum(digits) ``` ## 4.3.4 列表解析 創建數字列表 ``` squares = [value**2 for value in range(1,11)] #結果 #[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100] ``` # 4.4 使用列表的一部分 切片: 列表的部分元素 ## 4.4.1 切片 在到達你指定的第二個索引前面的元素停止,要輸出列表中的前三個元素,需要指定索引0~3 ``` players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli'] print(players[0:3]) #結果 # ['charles', 'martina', 'michael'] ``` 沒有指定第一個索引, Python將自動從列表開頭開始: ``` players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli'] print(players[:4]) #結果 #['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence'] ``` 讓切片終止于列表末尾 例如: 從第3個元素到列表末尾的所有元素 ``` players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli'] print(players[2:]) #結果 #['michael', 'florence', 'eli'] ``` 負數索引返回離列表末尾相應距離的元素 例如: 返回從倒數第三個元素到列表末尾的所有元素 使用切片players[-3:] ## 4.4.2 用for循環遍歷切片 ``` players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli'] for player in players[:3]: print(player.title()) #Here are the first three players on my team: #Charles #Martina #Michael ``` ## 4.4.3 使用切片復制列表 ``` my_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake'] friend_foods = my_foods[:] ``` friend_foods 是 my_foods 列表的復制 # 4.5 元組 不可變的列表被稱為元組 ## 4.5.1 定義元組 ``` dimensions = (200, 50) print(dimensions[0]) #結果 # 200 ``` 如果試圖修改元組中的元素,將返回錯誤消息 dimensions[0] = 250 ``` Traceback (most recent call last): File "dimensions.py", line 3, in dimensions\[0\] = 250 TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment ``` ## 4.5.2 for循環遍歷元組中的所有值 ``` dimensions = (200, 50) for dimension in dimensions: print(dimension) ``` 200 50 ## 4.5.3 修改元組變量 ``` dimensions = (200, 50) dimensions = (400, 100) ``` # 4.6 設置代碼格式 PEP 8:請訪問 https://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
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