Docker實戰之入門以及Dockerfile(二) · csphere-docker-training

#Docker實戰之入門以及Dockerfile(二) 上一篇[Docker實戰之入門以及Dockerfile(一)](http://git.oschina.net/dockerf/docker-practice/blob/master/Docker%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E4%B9%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8ADockerfile%28%E4%B8%80%29.md?dir=0&filepath=Docker%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E4%B9%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8ADockerfile%28%E4%B8%80%29.md&oid=fd533b0b7665712fdafd3142a61e326ef416dbe1&sha=f11d77675b6ad637a21f26ece6bb11b9e4a66386) 文章內容，由【[Docker實訓課程](https://csphere.cn/training)】 [第一講視頻](http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hq2COGc)翻譯整理而成 [培訓代碼](https://github.com/nicescale/docker-training) https://github.com/nicescale/docker-training [虛擬機鏡像](http://market.aliyun.com/products/56014007/jxsc000181.html) http://market.aliyun.com/products/56014007/jxsc000181.html ##中間件鏡像培訓代碼 https://github.com/nicescale/docker-training 虛擬機鏡像 http://market.aliyun.com/products/56014007/jxsc000181.html ##csphere/php-fpm:5.4 ``` # cd docker-training/php-fpm/ # ls Dockerfile nginx_nginx.conf supervisor_nginx.conf nginx_default.conf php_www.conf supervisor_php-fpm.conf ``` 各文件解釋： > nginx_nginx.conf 替換默認的nginx.conf文件 > nginx_default.conf 替換默認的default.conf文件 > php_www.conf 修改apache用戶為nginx > supervisor_nginx.conf 添加啟動nginx的supervisor文件 > supervisor_php-fpm.conf 添加啟動php-fpm的supervisor文件 ``` # cat Dockerfile # # MAINTAINER Carson,C.J.Zeong <zcy@nicescale.com> # DOCKER-VERSION 1.6.2 # # Dockerizing php-fpm: Dockerfile for building php-fpm images # FROM csphere/centos:7.1 MAINTAINER Carson,C.J.Zeong <zcy@nicescale.com> # Set environment variable ENV APP_DIR /app RUN yum -y install nginx php-cli php-mysql php-pear php-ldap php-mbstring php-soap php-dom php-gd php-xmlrpc php-fpm php-mcrypt && \ yum clean all ADD nginx_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf ADD nginx_default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf ADD php_www.conf /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf RUN sed -i 's/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/' /etc/php.ini RUN mkdir -p /app && echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > ${APP_DIR}/info.php EXPOSE 80 443 ADD supervisor_nginx.conf /etc/supervisor.conf.d/nginx.conf ADD supervisor_php-fpm.conf /etc/supervisor.conf.d/php-fpm.conf ONBUILD ADD . /app ONBUILD RUN chown -R nginx:nginx /app ``` 命令解析： `ONBUILD ADD . /app` `ONBUILD` 在生成當前docker鏡像的時候不生效，在子鏡像生效；`ONBUILD`在產品發布時起著非常重要的作用！舉例 > A鏡像中有`ONBUILD`指令，在構建A鏡像時`ONBUILD`指令不執行；B鏡像`FROM A`,在構建B鏡像時`ONBUILD`指令開始執行；如何給docker鏡像命名： - registry-url: registry服務器的域名或者ip - namespace: - image-name: docker鏡像的名字 - tag: docker鏡像的版本號，推薦使用應用服務的版本號來命名，如`php-fpm:5.4` 生成php-fpm鏡像 `docker build -t csphere/php-fpm:5.4 .` ``` Step 12 : ONBUILD add . /app ---> Running in 9e21ede67350 ---> 7541483a5a76 Removing intermediate container 9e21ede67350 Step 13 : ONBUILD run chown -R nginx:nginx /app ---> Running in ab55fc7a46a1 ---> c61699e8c237 Removing intermediate container ab55fc7a46a1 Successfully built c61699e8c237 ``` 生成website容器： `docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name website csphere/php-fpm:5.4` `da30b15d3518320f4150b20ef329e59432a65610968977277879578b5fd8f4f7` 參數解釋： - -d 后臺運行 - -p 8080:80 將宿主機的8080端口映射到容器的80端口 - --name website 給容器命名為website - csphere/php-fpm:5.4 使用這個鏡像鏡像創建docker容器使用瀏覽器訪問：`http://your_ip:8080/info.php` ![](https://discuss.csphere.cn/uploads/default/original/2X/c/c002db15d4ed47329927a97066d485bce874ccfb.png) 如何進入一個正在運行的docker容器？ `docker exec -it website /bin/bash` ``` # supervisorctl 查看當前容器中使用supervisor啟動了哪些服務 nginx RUNNING pid 9, uptime 0:23:15 php-fpm RUNNING pid 10, uptime 0:23:15 ``` ##csphere/mysql:5.5 ``` cat Dockerfile # # MAINTAINER Carson,C.J.Zeong <zcy@nicescale.com> # DOCKER-VERSION 1.6.2 # # Dockerizing Mariadb: Dockerfile for building Mariadb images # FROM csphere/centos:7.1 MAINTAINER Carson,C.J.Zeong <zcy@nicescale.com> ENV DATA_DIR /var/lib/mysql # Install Mariadb RUN yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server && \ yum clean all ADD mysqld_charset.cnf /etc/my.cnf.d/ COPY scripts /scripts RUN chmod +x /scripts/start EXPOSE 3306 VOLUME ["/var/lib/mysql"] ENTRYPOINT ["/scripts/start"] ``` 命令解析： `VOLUME ["/var/lib/mysql"]` > `VOLUME`指令，宿主機文件目錄和docker容器文件目錄做映射 `ENTRYPOINT ["/scripts/start"]` >`ENTRYPOINT`在每次啟動docker容器時都會被執行，此例，是運行了一個shell腳本"/scripts/start" 每次啟動都會運行`/scripts/start`腳本，腳本內容如下： ``` # cat start #!/bin/bash set -e # # When Startup Container script # if [[ -e /scripts/firstrun ]]; then # config mariadb /scripts/firstrun_maria rm /scripts/firstrun else # Cleanup previous mariadb sockets if [[ -e ${DATA_DIR}/mysql.sock ]]; then rm -f ${DATA_DIR}/mysql.sock fi fi exec /usr/bin/mysqld_safe ``` 腳本解析： - `set -e` 腳本中只要有一行有錯誤，就會中斷腳本執行 - 如果firstrun文件存在，執行firstrun_maria腳本，如果不存在，刪除mysql.sock文件，并啟動Mariadb > firstrun_maira腳本是初始化Mariadb，以及設置數據庫用戶和密碼，詳情內容請自行閱讀[腳本文件](http://git.oschina.net/dockerf/docker-training/blob/master/mysql/scripts/firstrun_maria?dir=0&filepath=mysql%2Fscripts%2Ffirstrun_maria&oid=788bfb61d8cc45a33b60cde5a0e98899ee08f808&sha=3a86a4767292c267af0794628efb76fe31e754e6) 構建mysql docker鏡像 `docker build -t csphere/mysql:5.5 .` ###docker volume 保證刪除容器后，數據不被刪除 - 保存容器中的數據 - 數據共享使用方法： 1.在Dockerfile中定義VOLUME["/data"] 2.通過`docker run -d -v <host_dir>:<container_dir>` ###案例： 1. 創建mysql容器，不掛載docker volume，刪除后，數據是否存在 2. 創建mysql容器，掛載docker volume，刪除后，數據是否存在運行不掛載docker volume的mysql容器 `# docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name dbserver csphere/mysql:5.5` `0a3092395c1e6a84f0ecd5383799f210519c5aefc82cbb7ee2ed1a471fc463f5` 刪除docker容器，容器里面的數據都會隨著容器被刪除而刪除 ``` # docker rm dbserver Error response from daemon: Cannot destroy container dbserver: Conflict, You cannot remove a running container. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f Error: failed to remove containers: [dbserver] ``` 參數解釋： - `docker rm` 刪除狀態為“Exited”的docker容器 - `docker rm -f` 強制刪除docker容器運行掛載docker volume的mysql容器 `docker run -d -p 3306:3306 -v /var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/mydata:/var/lib/mysql csphere/mysql:5.5` `f49165d5e081b8bd8af9cb9c0bbbeb6545d45f857c1a852646c105` `docker exec -it f49 /bin/bash` 登陸數據庫創建mydb數據庫 ``` # mysql # show databases; # create database mydb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) # show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mydb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) # exit exit ``` 查看主機文件目錄下，是否已生成mydb數據庫目錄文件 ``` # ls /var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/mydata/ aria_log.00000001 ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql performance_schema aria_log_control ib_logfile0 mydb mysql.sock test ``` ``` 停止docker容器 # docker stop f49165d5e081 f49165d5e081 刪除docker容器，查看`mydb`目錄是否被刪除 # docker rm f49165d5e081 f49165d5e081 # ls /var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/mydata/ 驗證，掛載docker volume后，容器被刪除掉，數據還在 aria_log.00000001 ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql performance_schema aria_log_control ib_logfile0 mydb mysql.sock test ``` 新創建一個容器，掛載到剛才的數據目錄下，是否可以把之前的數據庫加載回來 `docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name newdb -v /var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/mydata:/var/lib/mysql csphere/mysql:5.5` `29418b93d4d4a00a86169c568b6f952e71d25b155d7f6b8012d953022691b2b8` `docker exec -it newdb /bin/bash` ``` # mysql MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mydb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) ``` 驗證結果: 只要保證數據在，重新創建一個容器掛載回之前的數據目錄，業務即可恢復（容器可隨意刪除、創建）下一篇[Docker實戰之入門以及Dockerfile(三)](http://git.oschina.net/dockerf/docker-practice/blob/master/Docker%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E4%B9%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8ADockerfile%28%E4%B8%89%29.md?dir=0&filepath=Docker%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E4%B9%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8ADockerfile%28%E4%B8%89%29.md&oid=4b0000ad67c06e7f1a3c57edf69e215636b3dd2a&sha=f11d77675b6ad637a21f26ece6bb11b9e4a66386) *** 說明，文章由[cSphere-希云](https://csphere.cn)所有，轉載請整體轉載，并保留原文鏈接，且不得修改原文！轉載，請聯系"cSphere"微信公眾號 ![](https://discuss.csphere.cn/uploads/default/original/2X/1/1f82a3e93d907fc9fb5acf552f2646b74f5706d5.jpg)