windows下的node.js和npm的安裝步驟詳解 · 我的隨筆

<h2>一、使用之前，我們先來掌握3個東西是用來干什么的。</h2> <h2>npm: Nodejs下的包管理器。</h2> <h2>webpack: 它主要的用途是通過CommonJS的語法把所有瀏覽器端需要發布的靜態資源做相應的準備，比如資源的合并和打包。</h2> <h2>vue-cli: 用戶生成Vue工程模板。（幫你快速開始一個vue的項目，也就是給你一套vue的結構，包含基礎的依賴庫，只需要 npm install就可以安裝）</h2> <h2>開始：</h2> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145017816-1078102167.png" alt="" /></p> <p> </p> <h3>如圖，下載8.9.3 LTS （推薦給絕大部分用戶使用）</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145228394-1659342805.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>雙擊安裝</h3> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145307316-1352109111.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>可以使用默認路徑，本例子中自行修改為d:\nodejs</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145332816-1106051339.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>一路點Next</h3> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145443082-1633079415.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>點Finish完成</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145526363-1294346495.png" alt="" /></p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145534144-1685678132.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>打開CMD，檢查是否正常</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145657082-1826714804.png" alt="" /></p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145723801-1548672252.png" alt="" /></p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145740222-1613793922.png" alt="" /></p> <p> </p> <h3>再看看另外2個目錄，npm的本地倉庫跑在系統盤c盤的用戶目錄了(沒見到npm-cache是因為沒有用過，一使用緩存目錄就生成了)，我們試圖把這2個目錄移動回到D:\nodejs</h3> <h3>先如下圖建立2個目錄</h3> <h3> <img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145811019-407092018.png" alt="" /></h3> <h3>然后運行以下2條命令</h3> <h3>npm config set prefix "D:\nodejs\node_global"</h3> <h3>npm config set cache "D:\nodejs\node_cache"</h3> <h3><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145854347-808420142.png" alt="" /></h3> <h3>如上圖，我們再來關注一下npm的本地倉庫，輸入命令npm list -global</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145924051-372279137.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>輸入命令npm config set registry=http://registry.npm.taobao.org 配置鏡像站</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212145956347-1443850138.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>輸入命令npm config list 顯示所有配置信息，我們關注一個配置文件</h3> <h3>C:\Users\Administrator\.npmrc</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150036551-2051372473.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>使用文本編輯器編輯它，可以看到剛才的配置信息</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150059472-912062155.png" alt="" /></p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150115488-275634578.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>檢查一下鏡像站行不行命令1</h3> <h3>npm config get registry</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150211879-638610714.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>檢查一下鏡像站行不行命令2</h3> <h3>Npm info vue 看看能否獲得vue的信息</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150233535-577937828.png" alt="" /></p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150246691-739368557.png" alt="" /></p> <p> </p> <h3>注意，此時，默認的模塊D:\nodejs\node_modules 目錄</h3> <h3>將會改變為D:\nodejs\node_global\node_modules 目錄，</h3> <h3>如果直接運行npm install等命令會報錯的。</h3> <h3>我們需要做1件事情：</h3> <h3>1、增加環境變量NODE_PATH 內容是：D:\nodejs\node_global\node_modules</h3> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150402894-2086448836.png" alt="" /></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <h3>（注意，一下操作需要重新打開CMD讓上面的環境變量生效）</h3> <h3>一、測試NPM安裝vue.js</h3> <h3>命令：npm install vue -g</h3> <h3>這里的-g是指安裝到global全局目錄去</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150420488-1331978539.png" alt="" /></p> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150458519-2132301252.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>二、測試NPM安裝vue-router</h3> <h3>命令：npm install vue-router -g</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150538707-640998672.png" alt="" /></p> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150544879-938347487.png" alt="" /></p> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150744051-1058132537.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>運行npm install vue-cli -g安裝vue腳手架</h3> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150805238-349743368.png" alt="" /></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150836707-1925918113.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>編輯環境編輯path</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150853863-1117215657.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>對path環境變量添加D:\nodejs\node_global</h3> <h3>win10以下版本的，橫向顯示PATH的，注意添加到最后時，不要有分號【;】</h3> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150928332-1178968243.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>重新打開CMD，并且測試vue是否使用正常</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212150949097-1600189468.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>注意，vue-cli工具是內置了模板包括 webpack 和 webpack-simple,前者是比較復雜專業的項目，</h3> <h3>他的配置并不全放在根目錄下的 webpack.config.js 中。</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212151033847-2077318030.png" alt="" /></p> <p> </p> <h3>初始化，安裝依賴</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212151121910-1710109810.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>運行npm install安裝依賴</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212151139176-1075396617.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>npm run dev</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212151206519-436420011.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>成功界面，提示打開地址http://localhost:8080</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212151256129-333658407.png" alt="" /></p> <p> </p> <h3>自動打開瀏覽器http://localhost:8080/#/</h3> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212151314504-1422396943.png" alt="" /></p> <h3>npm run build</h3> <h3>生成靜態文件，打開dist文件夾下新生成的index.html文件</h3> <p> </p> <p> </p> <h3>nmp下新建出來的vue01的目錄描述：</h3> <p> </p> <p><img src="https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/1287619/201712/1287619-20171212151528301-530076803.png" alt="" /></p>