<article><h1>Laravel 的本地化功能</h1><ul><li><a href="#introduction">簡介</a></li><li><a href="#defining-translation-strings">定義翻譯語句</a><ul><li><a href="#using-short-keys">使用短鍵</a></li><li><a href="#using-translation-strings-as-keys">使用翻譯語句作為鍵</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#retrieving-translation-strings">提取翻譯語句</a><ul><li><a href="#replacing-parameters-in-translation-strings">翻譯語句中的參數替換</a></li><li><a href="#pluralization">復數</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#overriding-package-language-files">重寫擴展包的語言包</a></li></ul><p><a name="introduction"></a></p><h2><a href="#introduction">簡介</a></h2><p>Laravel 的本地化功能提供方便的方法來獲取多語言的字符串,讓你的網站可以簡單的支持多語言。</p><p>語言包存放在 <code class=" language-php">resources<span class="token operator">/</span>lang</code> 目錄下的文件里。在此目錄中應該有應用對應支持的語言并將其對應到每一個子目錄:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token operator">/</span>resources
<span class="token operator">/</span>lang
<span class="token operator">/</span>en
messages<span class="token punctuation">.</span>php
<span class="token operator">/</span>es
messages<span class="token punctuation">.</span>php</code></pre><p>語言包簡單地返回鍵值和字符串數組,例如:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token delimiter"><?php</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">'welcome'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'Welcome to our application'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><h3>切換語言</h3><p>應用的默認語言保存在 <code class=" language-php">config<span class="token operator">/</span>app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>php</code> 配置文件中。當然,你可以根據需求自由的修改當前設置,可以使用 <code class=" language-php">App</code> facade 的 <code class=" language-php">setLocale</code> 方法動態地更改現有語言:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token scope">Route<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">get<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">'welcome/{locale}'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$locale</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token scope">App<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">setLocale<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token variable">$locale</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"> //
</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><p>你也可以設置 「備用語言」 ,它將會在當現有語言沒有指定語句時被使用。就像默認語言那樣,備用語言也可以在 <code class=" language-php">config<span class="token operator">/</span>app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>php</code> 配置文件設置:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token string">'fallback_locale'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'en'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></code></pre><h4>指定當前語言</h4><p>你可以使用 <code class=" language-php">App</code> facade 的 <code class=" language-php">getLocale</code> 及 <code class=" language-php">isLocale</code> 方法指定當前的語言環境或者檢驗當前語言是否是給定的值:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token variable">$locale</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token scope">App<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">getLocale<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token scope">App<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">isLocale<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">'en'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"> //
</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre><p><a name="defining-translation-strings"></a></p><h2><a href="#defining-translation-strings">定義翻譯語句</a></h2><p><a name="using-short-keys"></a></p><h3>使用短鍵</h3><p>通常,語言包存放在 <code class=" language-php">resources<span class="token operator">/</span>lang</code> 目錄下的文件里。在此目錄中應該有應用對應支持的語言并將其對應到每一個子目錄:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token operator">/</span>resources
<span class="token operator">/</span>lang
<span class="token operator">/</span>en
messages<span class="token punctuation">.</span>php
<span class="token operator">/</span>es
messages<span class="token punctuation">.</span>php</code></pre><p>語言包簡單地返回鍵值和字符串數組,例如:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token delimiter"><?php</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">
// resources/lang/en/messages.php
</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">'welcome'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'Welcome to our application'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><p><a name="using-translation-strings-as-keys"></a></p><h3>使用翻譯語句作為鍵</h3><p>對于有大量翻譯需求的應用, 如果每一句翻譯語句都使用 「短鍵」 來定義,那么當你在視圖中嘗試去引用這些 「短鍵」 的時候,很容易變得混亂,分不清哪個對應哪個。因此,Laravel 也提供支持使用 「默認語言」 的翻譯語句作為鍵,來定義其他語言的翻譯語句。</p><p>使用翻譯語句作為鍵的語言包需要在 <code class=" language-php">resources<span class="token operator">/</span>lang</code> 目錄下保存為 JSON 文件。例如,如果你的應用中有西班牙語的語言包,你應該新建一個 <code class=" language-php">resources<span class="token operator">/</span>lang<span class="token operator">/</span>es<span class="token punctuation">.</span>json</code> 文件:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">"I love programming."</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Me encanta la programación."</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre><p><a name="retrieving-translation-strings"></a></p><h2><a href="#retrieving-translation-strings">獲取翻譯語句</a></h2><p>你可以使用 <code class=" language-php"><span class="token constant">__</span></code> 輔助函數來獲取翻譯語句,<code class=" language-php"><span class="token constant">__</span></code> 方法接受文件名和鍵值作為其第一個參數。例如,讓我們提取 <code class=" language-php">resources<span class="token operator">/</span>lang<span class="token operator">/</span>messages<span class="token punctuation">.</span>php</code> 中的 <code class=" language-php">welcome</code> :</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token function">__<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">'messages.welcome'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token function">__<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">'I love programming.'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><p>當然,如果你使用 <a href="/docs/5.4/blade">Blade 模板引擎</a>, 那么你可以在視圖文件中使用 <code class=" language-php"><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></code> 語法或者使用 <code class=" language-php">@lang</code> 指令來輸出語句:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">__<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">'messages.welcome'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
@<span class="token function">lang<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">'messages.welcome'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre><p>如果指定的語句不存在,<code class=" language-php"><span class="token constant">__</span></code> 方法則會簡單的返回這個鍵名。所以,如果上述示例中的鍵不存在,那么 <code class=" language-php"><span class="token constant">__</span></code> 方法則會返回 <code class=" language-php">messages<span class="token punctuation">.</span>welcome</code> 。</p><p><a name="replacing-parameters-in-translation-strings"></a></p><h3>翻譯語句中的參數替換</h3><p>如果需要,你也可以在翻譯語句中定義占位符。所有的占位符都使用的 <code class=" language-php"><span class="token punctuation">:</span></code> 開頭。例如,你可以自定義一則歡迎消息的占位符:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token string">'welcome'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'Welcome, :name'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></code></pre><p>你可以在 <code class=" language-php"><span class="token constant">__</span></code> 方法中傳遞一個數組作為第二個參數,它會將數組的值替換到語言內容的占位符中:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token function">__<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">'messages.welcome'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'name'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'dayle'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><p>如果你的占位符中包含了首字母大寫或者全體大寫,翻譯過來的內容也會相應的做相應的處理:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token string">'welcome'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'Welcome, :NAME'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"> // Welcome, DAYLE
</span><span class="token string">'goodbye'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'Goodbye, :Name'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"> // Goodbye, Dayle</span></code></pre><p><a name="pluralization"></a></p><h3>復數</h3><p>復數是個復雜的問題,不同語言對于復數有不同的規則。使用管道符 <code class=" language-php"><span class="token operator">|</span></code> ,可以區分單復數字符串格式:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token string">'apples'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'There is one apple|There are many apples'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></code></pre><p>你甚至可以創建使用更復雜的復數規則,例如根據數量的范圍不同來指定不同翻譯語句:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token string">'apples'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'{0} There are none|[1,19] There are some|[20,*] There are many'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></code></pre><p>當你定義完復數語句條件的時候,你可以使用 <code class=" language-php">trans_choice</code> 方法來設置「總數」以獲取符合對應條件的復數翻譯語句。例如,在這個例子中,設置「總數」為 10 ,符合數量范圍 1 至 19,所以會得到 <code class=" language-php">There are some</code> 這條復數語句:</p><pre class=" language-php"><code class=" language-php"><span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token function">trans_choice<span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">'messages.apples'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><p><a name="overriding-package-language-files"></a></p><h2><a href="#overriding-package-language-files">重寫擴展包的語言包</a></h2><p>部分擴展包帶有自己的語言包,你可以通過在 <code class=" language-php">resources<span class="token operator">/</span>lang<span class="token operator">/</span>vendor<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>package<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>locale<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code> 放置文件來重寫它們,而不是直接修改擴展包的核心文件。</p><p>例如,你需要重寫 <code class=" language-php">skyrim<span class="token operator">/</span>hearthfire</code> 擴展包的英文語言包 <code class=" language-php">messages<span class="token punctuation">.</span>php</code> ,則需要把文件放置在 <code class=" language-php">resources<span class="token operator">/</span>lang<span class="token operator">/</span>vendor<span class="token operator">/</span>hearthfire<span class="token operator">/</span>en<span class="token operator">/</span>messages<span class="token punctuation">.</span>php</code> 。在這個文件中定義你想要重寫的翻譯語句,所有沒有重寫的語句將會加載擴展包的語言包中原來的語句。</p></article>
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