13.5. Starters · springboot-中文手冊

# 13.5. Starters ### 13.5. Starters Starters是一個依賴描述符的集合，你可以將它包含進項目中，這樣添加依賴就非常方便。你可以獲取所有Spring及相關技術的一站式服務，而不需要翻閱示例代碼，拷貝粘貼大量的依賴描述符。例如，如果你想使用Spring和JPA進行數據庫訪問，只需要在項目中包含`spring-boot-starter-data-jpa`依賴，然后你就可以開始了。該starters包含很多搭建，快速運行項目所需的依賴，并提供一致的，可管理傳遞性的依賴集。 **名字有什么含義**：所有官方starters遵循相似的命名模式：`spring-boot-starter-*`，在這里`*`是一種特殊的應用程序類型。該命名結構旨在幫你找到需要的starter。很多集成于IDEs中的Maven插件允許你通過名稱name搜索依賴。例如，使用相應的Eclipse或STS插件，你可以簡單地在POM編輯器中點擊`ctrl-space`，然后輸入"spring-boot-starter"就可以獲取一個完整列表。正如[Creating your own starter](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-custom-starter)章節中討論的，第三方starters不應該以`spring-boot`開頭，因為它跟Spring Boot官方artifacts沖突。一個acme的第三方starter通常命名為`acme-spring-boot-starter`。以下應用程序starters是Spring Boot在`org.springframework.boot` group下提供的： **表 13.1. Spring Boot application starters** 名稱描述Pomspring-boot-starter-test用于測試Spring Boot應用，支持常用測試類庫，包括JUnit, Hamcrest和Mockito[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-test/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-mobile用于使用Spring Mobile開發web應用[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-mobile/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-social-twitter對使用Spring Social Twitter的支持[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-social-twitter/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-cache用于使用Spring框架的緩存支持[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-cache/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-activemq用于使用Apache ActiveMQ實現JMS消息[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-activemq/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-jta-atomikos用于使用Atomikos實現JTA事務[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-jta-atomikos/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-aop用于使用Spring AOP和AspectJ實現面向切面編程[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-aop/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-web用于使用Spring MVC構建web應用，包括RESTful。Tomcat是默認的內嵌容器[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-web/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch用于使用Elasticsearch搜索，分析引擎和Spring Data Elasticsearch[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-jdbc對JDBC的支持（使用Tomcat JDBC連接池）[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-jdbc/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-batch對Spring Batch的支持[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-batch/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-social-facebook用于使用Spring Social Facebook[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-social-facebook/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-web-services對Spring Web服務的支持[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-web-services/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-jta-narayanaSpring Boot Narayana JTA Starter[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-jta-narayana/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf用于使用Thymeleaf模板引擎構建MVC web應用[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-mail用于使用Java Mail和Spring框架email發送支持[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-mail/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-jta-bitronix用于使用Bitronix實現JTA事務[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-jta-bitronix/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb用于使用基于文檔的數據庫MongoDB和Spring Data MongoDB[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-validation用于使用Hibernate Validator實現Java Bean校驗[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-validation/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-jooq用于使用JOOQ訪問SQL數據庫，可使用[spring-boot-starter-data-jpa](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#spring-boot-starter-data-jpa)或[spring-boot-starter-jdbc](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#spring-boot-starter-jdbc)替代[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-jooq/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-redis用于使用Spring Data Redis和Jedis客戶端操作鍵-值存儲的Redis，在1.4中已被[spring-boot-starter-data-redis](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#spring-boot-starter-data-redis)取代[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-redis/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-data-cassandra用于使用分布式數據庫Cassandra和Spring Data Cassandra[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-cassandra/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-hateoas用于使用Spring MVC和Spring HATEOAS實現基于超媒體的RESTful web應用[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-hateoas/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-integration用于使用Spring Integration[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-integration/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-data-solr通過Spring Data Solr使用Apache Solr搜索平臺[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-solr/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-freemarker用于使用FreeMarker模板引擎構建MVC web應用[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-freemarker/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-jersey用于使用JAX-RS和Jersey構建RESTful web應用，可使用[spring-boot-starter-web](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#spring-boot-starter-web)替代[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-jersey/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter核心starter，包括自動配置支持，日志和YAML[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-data-couchbase用于使用基于文檔的數據庫Couchbase和Spring Data Couchbase[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-couchbase/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-artemis使用Apache Artemis實現JMS消息[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-artemis/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-cloud-connectors對Spring Cloud Connectors的支持，用于簡化云平臺下（例如Cloud Foundry 和Heroku）服務的連接[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-cloud-connectors/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-social-linkedin用于使用Spring Social LinkedIn[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-social-linkedin/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-velocity用于使用Velocity模板引擎構建MVC web應用，**從1.4版本過期**[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-velocity/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-data-rest用于使用Spring Data REST暴露基于REST的Spring Data倉庫[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-rest/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-data-gemfire用于使用分布式數據存儲GemFire和Spring Data GemFire[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-gemfire/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-groovy-templates用于使用Groovy模板引擎構建MVC web應用[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-groovy-templates/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-amqp用于使用Spring AMQP和Rabbit MQ[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-amqp/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-hornetq用于使用HornetQ實現JMS消息，被[spring-boot-starter-artemis](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#spring-boot-starter-artemis)取代[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-hornetq/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-ws用于使用Spring Web服務，被[spring-boot-starter-web-services](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#spring-boot-starter-web-services)取代[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-ws/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-security對Spring Security的支持[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-security/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-data-redis用于使用Spring Data Redis和Jedis客戶端操作鍵—值數據存儲Redis[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-redis/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-websocket用于使用Spring框架的WebSocket支持構建WebSocket應用[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-websocket/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-mustache用于使用Mustache模板引擎構建MVC web應用[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-mustache/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-data-neo4j用于使用圖數據庫Neo4j和Spring Data Neo4j[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-neo4j/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-data-jpa用于使用Hibernate實現Spring Data JPA[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-data-jpa/pom.xml)除了應用程序starters，以下starters可用于添加[production ready](../V.%20Spring%20Boot%20Actuator/README.md)的功能： **表 13.2. Spring Boot生產級starters** 名稱描述Pomspring-boot-starter-actuator用于使用Spring Boot的Actuator，它提供了production ready功能來幫助你監控和管理應用程序[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-actuator/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-remote-shell用于通過SSH，使用CRaSH遠程shell監控，管理你的應用[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-remote-shell/pom.xml)最后，Spring Boot還包含一些用于排除或交換某些特定技術方面的starters： **表 13.3. Spring Boot技術性starters** 名稱描述Pomspring-boot-starter-undertow用于使用Undertow作為內嵌servlet容器，可使用[spring-boot-starter-tomcat](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#spring-boot-starter-tomcat)替代[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-undertow/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-logging用于使用Logback記錄日志，默認的日志starter[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-logging/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-tomcat用于使用Tomcat作為內嵌servlet容器，[spring-boot-starter-web](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#spring-boot-starter-web)使用的默認servlet容器[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-jetty用于使用Jetty作為內嵌servlet容器，可使用[spring-boot-starter-tomcat](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#spring-boot-starter-tomcat)替代[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-jetty/pom.xml)spring-boot-starter-log4j2用于使用Log4j2記錄日志，可使用[spring-boot-starter-logging](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/htmlsingle/#spring-boot-starter-logging)代替[Pom](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-log4j2/pom.xml)**注**：查看GitHub上位于`spring-boot-starters`模塊內的[README文件](http://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-starters/README.adoc)，可以獲取到一個社區貢獻的其他starters列表。