# Eloquent: 集合 - [簡介](#introduction) - [可用的方法](#available-methods) - [自定義集合](#custom-collections) <a name="introduction"></a> ## 簡介 默認情況下 Eloquent 返回的都是一個 `Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection` 對象的實例，包含通過 `get` 方法或是訪問一個關聯來獲取到的結果。Eloquent 集合對象繼承了 Laravel [集合基類](/docs/{{version}}/collections)，因此它自然也繼承了許多可用于與 Eloquent 模型交互的方法。 當然，所有集合都可以作為迭代器，來讓你像遍歷一個 PHP 數組一樣來遍歷一個集合： $users = App\User::where('active', 1)->get(); foreach ($users as $user) { echo $user->name; } 然而，集合比數組更強大的地方是其使用了各種 map / reduce 的直觀操作。例如，我們移除所有未激活的用戶模型和收集其余各個用戶的名字： $users = App\User::where('active', 1)->get(); $names = $users->reject(function ($user) { return $user->active === false; }) ->map(function ($user) { return $user->name; }); > {note} 大部分的 Eloquent 集合會返回新的「Eloquent 集合」實例，但是 `pluck`, `keys`, `zip`, `collapse`, `flatten` 和 `flip` 方法會返回 [基礎集合](/docs/{{version}}/collections) 實例。 > > 相應的，如果一個 `map` 操作返回一個不包含任何 Eloquent 模型的集合，那么它將會自動轉換成基礎集合。 <a name="available-methods"></a> ## 可用的方法 ### 集合對象 所有 Eloquent 集合都繼承了基礎的 [Laravel 集合](/docs/{{version}}/collections) 對象。因此，他們也繼承了所有集合類提供的強大的方法： <style> #collection-method-list > p { column-count: 3; -moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-gap: 2em; -moz-column-gap: 2em; -webkit-column-gap: 2em; } #collection-method-list a { display: block; } </style> <div id="collection-method-list" markdown="1"> [all](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-all) [avg](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-avg) [chunk](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-chunk) [collapse](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-collapse) [combine](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-combine) [contains](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-contains) [count](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-count) [diff](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-diff) [diffKeys](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-diffkeys) [each](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-each) [every](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-every) [except](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-except) [filter](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-filter) [first](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-first) [flatMap](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-flatmap) [flatten](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-flatten) [flip](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-flip) [forget](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-forget) [forPage](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-forpage) [get](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-get) [groupBy](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-groupby) [has](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-has) [implode](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-implode) [intersect](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-intersect) [isEmpty](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-isempty) [keyBy](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-keyby) [keys](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-keys) [last](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-last) [map](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-map) [max](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-max) [merge](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-merge) [min](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-min) [only](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-only) [pluck](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-pluck) [pop](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-pop) [prepend](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-prepend) [pull](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-pull) [push](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-push) [put](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-put) [random](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-random) [reduce](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-reduce) [reject](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-reject) [reverse](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-reverse) [search](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-search) [shift](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-shift) [shuffle](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-shuffle) [slice](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-slice) [sort](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-sort) [sortBy](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-sortby) [sortByDesc](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-sortbydesc) [splice](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-splice) [sum](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-sum) [take](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-take) [toArray](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-toarray) [toJson](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-tojson) [transform](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-transform) [union](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-union) [unique](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-unique) [values](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-values) [where](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-where) [whereStrict](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-wherestrict) [whereIn](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-wherein) [whereInLoose](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-whereinloose) [zip](/docs/{{version}}/collections#method-zip) </div> <a name="custom-collections"></a> ## 自定義集合 如果你需要使用一個自定義的 `Collection` 對象到自己的擴充方法上，則可以在模型中重寫 `newCollection` 方法： <?php namespace App; use App\CustomCollection; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class User extends Model { /** * 創建一個新的 Eloquent 集合實例對象。 * * @param array $models * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection */ public function newCollection(array $models = []) { return new CustomCollection($models); } } 一旦你定義了 `newCollection` 方法，則可在任何 Eloquent 返回該模型的 `Collection` 實例時，接收到一個你的自定義集合的實例。如果你想要在應用程序的每個模型中使用自定義集合，則應該在所有的模型繼承的模型基類中重寫 `newCollection` 方法。