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                > ### ***安裝*** yum install pcre pcre-devel cd /usr/local/src/ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz tar zxvf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz cd nginx-1.6.3 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx make make install > 注意:由于nginx要在rewrite時要解析正則表達式,PCRE是正則解析庫 >### **nginx管理** ``` systemctl start nginx.service????#啟動nginx systemctl stop nginx.service????#結束nginx systemctl restart nginx.service???#重啟nginx ``` > ### ***nginx目錄*** ``` cd /usr/local/nginx ---conf #配置文件 ---html #網頁文件 ---logs #日志文件 ---sbin #主要二進制程序 ``` >### ***配置pathinfo格式訪問*** ``` location ~ \.php(.*)$ { root html; fastgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $DOCUMENT_ROOT$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $1; } ``` >### ***隱藏入口文件index.php*** ``` Sever { listen 80; server_name 域名; access_log logs/域名.log main; location / { root html/網站目錄; index index.php index.html; if ( !-e $request_filename) { rewrite (.*) /index.php/$1; } } } ``` >### ***利用try_fieles隱藏入口文件index.php*** ``` Sever { listen 80; server_name 域名; access_log logs/域名.log main; location / { root html/網站目錄; index index.php index.html; try_files $uri /index.php?$rui } } ``` > ### **反射代理** 用nginx做反向代理用proxy_pass 以反向代理為例,nginx不自己處理圖片的相關請求,而是把圖片請求轉發給apache來處理. 執行流程:客戶端->nginx->proxy_pass->apache(再原路返回) 具體配置: ``` location ~ \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif)$ { proxy_pass HTTP://IP:port; } ``` 反向代理容易把用戶真正的IP丟失,而是獲得的是代理服務器的IP,要想獲得真正用戶的IP,需要在代理服務器通過設置頭信息字段,把用戶IP傳到后臺服務器. 配置如下: ``` location ~ \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif)$ { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; proxy_pass http://ip:port; } ``` 再到apache的日志格式里加上**X-Forwarded-For**,如下: ``` LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %1 %u %t \"$r\" %>s %b" common ``` > ### ***負載均衡*** 在nginx中做集群與負載均衡步驟都是一樣的,Upstream{}模塊 把多臺服務器加入到一個組中. 然后memcached_pass, fastcgi_pass, proxy_press ====>組 具體配置 1配置upstream(上游) ``` upstream imageserver { server 192.168.1.205:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; server 192.168.1.206:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; } ``` 2下游調用 ``` location ~ \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif)$ { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; proxy_pass http://imageserver; } ``` 默認的負載均衡算法: 是設置計數器,輪流請求N臺服務器. 可以安裝第3方模塊,來利用不同參數把請求均衡到不同服務器去. 如基于cookie值區別用戶做負載均衡(nginx sticky模塊). 或基于URI利用一致性哈希算法做均衡(NginxHttpUpstreamConsistenHash模塊). 或基于IP做負載均衡等. nginx配置網站域名,需要在本地的hosts文件將對應的域名添加進去,例如: 192.168.1.101 www.demo.io
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