# 第1.1語言基本語法 - 變量聲明 var 變量名 數據類型,可以同時賦值,另一種方式只能在函數內部,變量名:=數據值,以及多變量聲明 全局變量聲明必須以 var 關鍵字開頭，如果想要在外部包中使用全局變量的首字母必須大寫,go語言區分大小寫。 ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` var a int<span class="token">=</span><span class="token3">1</span> var <span class="token2">(</span> a int b string <span class="token2">)</span> b<span class="token2">:</span><span class="token">=</span><span class="token3">2.1</span> 只用于函數中 i<span class="token2">,</span>j<span class="token2">:</span><span class="token">=</span><span class="token3">1</span><span class="token2">,</span><span class="token3">2</span> <span class="token6">//可用于交換</span> var a<span class="token">=</span><span class="token3">1</span>賦值 a <span class="token2">:</span><span class="token">=</span><span class="token3">1</span> 簡短賦值 _ 表示匿名變量 ``` ``` - 整形int浮點型float int8 -128-127 int16 int32 int64 uint8 0-255 uint16 uint32 uint64 無符號整型 float32 float64 浮點型 var x complex128 = complex(1, 2) //表示64位復數 1+2i - bool 布爾型只有true,false - 字符串String \\n \\t \\r \\u表示Unicode \\表示本身 拼接字符 + 多行字符串反雙引號 `` - 單字母 byte var ch byte = 65 表示A - 類型轉換,必須顯示轉換 b:=int(b) ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` strconv<span class="token2">.</span><span class="token1">Itoa</span><span class="token2">(</span>int<span class="token2">)</span> 整型轉換成字符串 strconv<span class="token2">.</span><span class="token1">Atoi</span><span class="token2">(</span>str<span class="token2">)</span> 字符串轉換整型 ``` ``` - 指針類型,在變量前添加&,指針取值符號 \* - 常量 const pi=3.14233 值可以確定 -數組 ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` var q <span class="token2">[</span><span class="token3">3</span><span class="token2">]</span>int <span class="token">=</span> <span class="token2">[</span><span class="token3">3</span><span class="token2">]</span>int<span class="token2">{</span><span class="token3">1</span><span class="token2">,</span> <span class="token3">2</span><span class="token2">,</span> <span class="token3">3</span><span class="token2">}</span> q <span class="token2">:</span><span class="token">=</span> <span class="token2">[</span><span class="token2">.</span><span class="token2">.</span><span class="token2">.</span><span class="token2">]</span>int<span class="token2">{</span><span class="token3">1</span><span class="token2">,</span> <span class="token3">2</span><span class="token2">,</span> <span class="token3">3</span><span class="token2">}</span> 自動確定 var arr <span class="token2">[</span><span class="token3">2</span><span class="token2">]</span>int 另一種方法 arr<span class="token2">[</span><span class="token3">0</span><span class="token2">]</span><span class="token">=</span><span class="token3">1</span> arr<span class="token2">[</span><span class="token3">1</span><span class="token2">]</span><span class="token">=</span><span class="token3">2</span> arr<span class="token2">:</span><span class="token">=</span> <span class="token2">[</span><span class="token3">3</span><span class="token2">]</span>string<span class="token2">{</span><span class="token4">"nihk"</span><span class="token2">,</span> <span class="token4">"你好嗎"</span><span class="token2">,</span> <span class="token4">"測試11"</span><span class="token2">}</span> <span class="token5">for</span> k<span class="token2">,</span> v <span class="token2">:</span><span class="token">=</span> range arr <span class="token2">{</span> fmt<span class="token2">.</span><span class="token1">Println</span><span class="token2">(</span>k<span class="token2">,</span> v<span class="token2">)</span> <span class="token2">}</span> var array <span class="token2">[</span><span class="token3">4</span><span class="token2">]</span><span class="token2">[</span><span class="token3">2</span><span class="token2">]</span>int 多維數組<span class="token3">4</span>組每一組兩個 ``` ``` - 切片 ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` var strList <span class="token2">[</span><span class="token2">]</span>string 字符串切片 var numListEmpty <span class="token">=</span> <span class="token2">[</span><span class="token2">]</span>int<span class="token2">{</span><span class="token2">}</span> 空切片 a <span class="token">=</span> <span class="token1">append</span><span class="token2">(</span>a<span class="token2">,</span> <span class="token3">1</span><span class="token2">,</span> <span class="token3">2</span><span class="token2">,</span> <span class="token3">3</span><span class="token2">)</span> 切片追加元素 ``` ``` - map類型,映射,關鍵數組,字典,hash同一個意思 - list 列表