# 返回響應（Returning Responses） # 返回響應（Returning Responses） Part of the HTTP cycle is returning responses to clients. [*Phalcon\\Http\\Response*](#) is the Phalconcomponent designed to achieve this task. HTTP responses are usually composed by headers and body. The following is an example of basic usage: ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` <?php use Phalcon\Http\Response; // Getting a response instance $response = new Response(); // Set status code $response->setStatusCode(404, "Not Found"); // Set the content of the response $response->setContent("Sorry, the page doesn't exist"); // Send response to the client $response->send(); ``` ``` If you are using the full MVC stack there is no need to create responses manually. However, if you need to return a responsedirectly from a controller's action follow this example: ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` <?php use Phalcon\Http\Response; use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller; class FeedController extends Controller { public function getAction() { // Getting a response instance $response = new Response(); $feed = // .. load here the feed // Set the content of the response $response->setContent($feed->asString()); // Return the response return $response; } } ``` ``` ### 使用頭部信息（Working with Headers） Headers are an important part of the HTTP response. It contains useful information about the response state like the HTTP status,type of response and much more. You can set headers in the following way: ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` <?php // Setting a header by it's name $response->setHeader("Content-Type", "application/pdf"); $response->setHeader("Content-Disposition", 'attachment; filename="downloaded.pdf"'); // Setting a raw header $response->setRawHeader("HTTP/1.1 200 OK"); ``` ``` A [*Phalcon\\Http\\Response\\Headers*](#) bag internally manages headers. This classretrieves the headers before sending it to client: ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` <?php // Get the headers bag $headers = $response->getHeaders(); // Get a header by its name $contentType = $response->getHeaders()->get("Content-Type"); ``` ``` ### 重定向（Making Redirections） With [*Phalcon\\Http\\Response*](#) you can also execute HTTP redirections: 可以通過 [*Phalcon\\Http\\Response*](#) 來執行HTTP重定向： ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` <?php // Redirect to the default URI $response->redirect(); // Redirect to the local base URI $response->redirect("posts/index"); // Redirect to an external URL $response->redirect("http://en.wikipedia.org", true); // Redirect specifyng the HTTP status code $response->redirect("http://www.example.com/new-location", true, 301); ``` ``` All internal URIs are generated using the ‘url' service (by default [*Phalcon\\Mvc\\Url*](#)). This example demonstrateshow you can redirect using a route you have defined in your application: 所有內部 URIs 都是通過 ‘url' 來生成的（ 默認是 [*Phalcon\\Mvc\\Url*](#) ）。下面的例子演示如何通過一個應用內預先定義好的路由來重定向。 ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` <?php // Redirect based on a named route return $response->redirect(array( "for" => "index-lang", "lang" => "jp", "controller" => "index" )); ``` ``` Note that a redirection doesn't disable the view component, so if there is a view associated with the current action itwill be executed anyway. You can disable the view from a controller by executing $this->view->disable(); 值得注意的時候重定向并不禁用view組件，所以如果當前的action存在一個關聯的view的話，將會繼續執行它。在控制器中可以通過 $this->view->disable() 來禁用view。 ### HTTP 緩存（HTTP Cache） One of the easiest ways to improve the performance in your applications and reduce the server traffic is using HTTP Cache.Most modern browsers support HTTP caching. HTTP Cache is one of the reasons many websites are currently fast. HTTP Cache can be altered in the following header values sent by the application when serving a page for the first time: - *Expires:* With this header the application can set a date in the future or the past telling the browser when the page must expire. - *Cache-Control:* This header allows to specify how much time a page should be considered fresh in the browser. - *Last-Modified:* This header tells the browser which was the last time the site was updated avoiding page re-loads - *ETag:* An etag is a unique identifier that must be created including the modification timestamp of the current page ### 設置過期時間（Setting an Expiration Time） The expiration date is one of the easiest and most effective ways to cache a page in the client (browser).Starting from the current date we add the amount of time the page will be storedin the browser cache. Until this date expires no new content will be requested from the server: ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` <?php $expireDate = new DateTime(); $expireDate->modify('+2 months'); $response->setExpires($expireDate); ``` ``` The Response component automatically shows the date in GMT timezone as expected in an Expires header. If we set this value to a date in the past the browser will always refresh the requested page: ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` <?php $expireDate = new DateTime(); $expireDate->modify('-10 minutes'); $response->setExpires($expireDate); ``` ``` Browsers rely on the client's clock to assess if this date has passed or not. The client clock can be modified tomake pages expire and this may represent a limitation for this cache mechanism. ### Cache-Control This header provides a safer way to cache the pages served. We simply must specify a time in seconds telling the browserhow long it must keep the page in its cache: ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` <?php // Starting from now, cache the page for one day $response->setHeader('Cache-Control', 'max-age=86400'); ``` ``` The opposite effect (avoid page caching) is achieved in this way: ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` <?php // Never cache the served page $response->setHeader('Cache-Control', 'private, max-age=0, must-revalidate'); ``` ``` ### E-Tag An “entity-tag” or “E-tag” is a unique identifier that helps the browser realize if the page has changed or not between two requests.The identifier must be calculated taking into account that this must change if the previously served content has changed: ``` <pre class="calibre14">``` <?php // Calculate the E-Tag based on the modification time of the latest news $recentDate = News::maximum(array('column' => 'created_at')); $eTag = md5($recentDate); // Send an E-Tag header $response->setHeader('E-Tag', $eTag); ``` ``` | - [索引](# "總目錄") - [下一頁](# "Cookie 管理（Cookies Management）") | - [上一頁](# "Request Environment") |