# httpheader <div id="main_content"> <div id="left_content"> <div>HTTP Header 詳解 <p>HTTP（HyperTextTransferProtocol） 即超文本傳輸協議，目前網頁傳輸的的通用協議。HTTP協議采用了請求/響應模 型，瀏覽器或其他客戶端發出請求，服務器給與響應。就整個網絡資源傳輸而言，包括message-header和message-body兩部分。首先傳 遞message-header，即<strong>http</strong> <strong>header</strong>消息<strong> 。</strong>http header 消息通常被分為4個部分：general&nbsp; header, request header, response header, entity header。但是這種分法就理解而言，感覺界限不太明確。根據維基百科對http header內容的組織形式，大體分為Request和Response兩部分。</p> <h2 id="right_content">Requests部分</h2> </div> <div> <div class="contents_main"> <div id="ArticleCnt"> <table style="width: 958px; height: 1029px;" border="1" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr><th>Header</th><th width="35%">解釋</th><th style="text-align: left;" width="40%">示例</th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">指定客戶端能夠接收的內容類型</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept: text/plain, text/html</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept-Charset</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">瀏覽器可以接受的字符編碼集。</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept-Charset: iso-8859-5</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept-Encoding</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">指定瀏覽器可以支持的web服務器返回內容壓縮編碼類型。</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept-Encoding: compress, gzip</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept-Language</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">瀏覽器可接受的語言</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept-Language: en,zh</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept-Ranges</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">可以請求網頁實體的一個或者多個子范圍字段</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept-Ranges: bytes</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Authorization</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">HTTP授權的授權證書</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Cache-Control</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">指定請求和響應遵循的緩存機制</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Cache-Control: no-cache</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Connection</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">表示是否需要持久連接。（HTTP 1.1默認進行持久連接）</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Connection: close</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Cookie</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">HTTP請求發送時，會把保存在該請求域名下的所有cookie值一起發送給web服務器。</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Cookie: $Version=1; Skin=new;</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Length</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">請求的內容長度</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Length: 348</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Type</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">請求的與實體對應的MIME信息</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Date</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">請求發送的日期和時間</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Date: Tue, 15 Nov&nbsp;2010 08:12:31 GMT</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Expect</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">請求的特定的服務器行為</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Expect: 100-continue</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">From</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">發出請求的用戶的Email</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">From: user@email.com</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Host</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">指定請求的服務器的域名和端口號</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Host: www.zcmhi.com</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">If-Match</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">只有請求內容與實體相匹配才有效</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If-Match: “737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d”</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">If-Modified-Since</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">如果請求的部分在指定時間之后被修改則請求成功，未被修改則返回304代碼</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If-Modified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 2010 19:43:31 GMT</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">If-None-Match</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">如果內容未改變返回304代碼，參數為服務器先前發送的Etag，與服務器回應的Etag比較判斷是否改變</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If-None-Match: “737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d”</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">If-Range</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">如果實體未改變，服務器發送客戶端丟失的部分，否則發送整個實體。參數也為Etag</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If-Range: “737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d”</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">If-Unmodified-Since</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">只在實體在指定時間之后未被修改才請求成功</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">If-Unmodified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 2010 19:43:31 GMT</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Max-Forwards</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">限制信息通過代理和網關傳送的時間</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Max-Forwards: 10</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Pragma</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">用來包含實現特定的指令</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Pragma: no-cache</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Proxy-Authorization</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">連接到代理的授權證書</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Proxy-Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Range</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">只請求實體的一部分，指定范圍</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Range: bytes=500-999</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Referer</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">先前網頁的地址，當前請求網頁緊隨其后,即來路</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Referer: http://www.zcmhi.com/archives/71.html</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">TE</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">客戶端愿意接受的傳輸編碼，并通知服務器接受接受尾加頭信息</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">TE: trailers,deflate;q=0.5</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Upgrade</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">向服務器指定某種傳輸協議以便服務器進行轉換（如果支持）</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Upgrade: HTTP/2.0, SHTTP/1.3, IRC/6.9, RTA/x11</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">User-Agent</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">User-Agent的內容包含發出請求的用戶信息</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; X11)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Via</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">通知中間網關或代理服務器地址，通信協議</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Via: 1.0 fred, 1.1 nowhere.com (Apache/1.1)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Warning</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">關于消息實體的警告信息</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Warn: 199 Miscellaneous warning</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>Responses 部分<span id="more-94"> <br></span></h2> <table style="width: 993px; height: 906px;" border="1" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr><th>Header</th><th width="35%">解釋</th><th width="40%">示例</th> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept-Ranges</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">表明服務器是否支持指定范圍請求及哪種類型的分段請求</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Accept-Ranges: bytes</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Age</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">從原始服務器到代理緩存形成的估算時間（以秒計，非負）</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Age: 12</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Allow</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">對某網絡資源的有效的請求行為，不允許則返回405</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Allow: GET, HEAD</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Cache-Control</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">告訴所有的緩存機制是否可以緩存及哪種類型</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Cache-Control: no-cache</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Encoding</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">web服務器支持的返回內容壓縮編碼類型。</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Encoding: gzip</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Language</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">響應體的語言</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Language: en,zh</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Length</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">響應體的長度</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Length: 348</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Location</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">請求資源可替代的備用的另一地址</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Location: /index.htm</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-MD5</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">返回資源的MD5校驗值</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-MD5: Q2hlY2sgSW50ZWdyaXR5IQ==</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Range</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">在整個返回體中本部分的字節位置</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Range: bytes 21010-47021/47022</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Type</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">返回內容的MIME類型</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Date</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">原始服務器消息發出的時間</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Date: Tue, 15 Nov 2010 08:12:31 GMT</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">ETag</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">請求變量的實體標簽的當前值</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">ETag: “737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d”</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Expires</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">響應過期的日期和時間</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Expires: Thu, 01 Dec 2010 16:00:00 GMT</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Last-Modified</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">請求資源的最后修改時間</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Last-Modified: Tue, 15 Nov 2010 12:45:26 GMT</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Location</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">用來重定向接收方到非請求URL的位置來完成請求或標識新的資源</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Location: http://www.zcmhi.com/archives/94.html</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Pragma</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">包括實現特定的指令，它可應用到響應鏈上的任何接收方</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Pragma: no-cache</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Proxy-Authenticate</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">它指出認證方案和可應用到代理的該URL上的參數</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Proxy-Authenticate: Basic</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">refresh</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">應用于重定向或一個新的資源被創造，在5秒之后重定向（由網景提出，被大部分瀏覽器支持）</span></td> <td width="40%"> <div><span style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 15px;">&nbsp;</span></div> <p><span style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 15px;">&nbsp;</span></p> <div id="_mcePaste"><span style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif; font-size: 15px;">Refresh: 5; url=</span></div> <div><span style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif; font-size: 15px;">http://www.zcmhi.com/archives/94.html</span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Retry-After</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">如果實體暫時不可取，通知客戶端在指定時間之后再次嘗試</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Retry-After: 120</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Server</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">web服務器軟件名稱</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Server: Apache/1.3.27 (Unix) (Red-Hat/Linux)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Set-Cookie</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">設置Http Cookie</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Set-Cookie: UserID=JohnDoe; Max-Age=3600; Version=1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Trailer</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">指出頭域在分塊傳輸編碼的尾部存在</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Trailer: Max-Forwards</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Transfer-Encoding</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">文件傳輸編碼</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif;">Transfer-Encoding:chunked</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Vary</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">告訴下游代理是使用緩存響應還是從原始服務器請求</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Vary: *</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Via</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">告知代理客戶端響應是通過哪里發送的</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Via: 1.0 fred, 1.1 nowhere.com (Apache/1.1)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">Warning</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">警告實體可能存在的問題</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Warning: 199 Miscellaneous warning</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size: 15px;">WWW-Authenticate</span></td> <td width="35%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">表明客戶端請求實體應該使用的授權方案</span></td> <td width="40%"><span style="font-size: 15px;">WWW-Authenticate: Basic</span></td> </tr>