第四季 NOOBS · Raspberry pi，一個好玩的派

今天換個玩法，不繼續深入探索Raspbian系統了，研究一下官網推薦的另一種安裝方法NOOBS。那么什么是NOOBS呢？它是專為Raspberry pi打造的簡單易用的圖形界面的操作系統管理工具。全稱為：**New Out Of the Box Software** 官方截圖如下： ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-01-05_568b30865626d.jpg) 本工具的初衷就是簡化Raspberry pi安裝系統的繁瑣，因為Raspberry pi的板子買來是不帶系統的，我們需要額外購買SDCard來安裝系統。對很多新手來說，命令行的東西肯定是沒有圖形界面來得簡單易懂。正是由于每個sdcard上面代表著安裝好的系統，我們可以通過多買幾個sdcard就可以持續性的體驗不同的系統，只需通過換個sdcard搞定，真是特別方便。下面來說說我是如果在另一張8G卡用NOOBS安裝系統Raspbian的。 #### 第一步，下載NOOBS [官網鏈接](http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads)，記得自己是在Ubuntu下用Firefox瀏覽器下載的，可以斷點續傳。 #### 第二步，格式化SDCard 如果你的SDCard本來就是FAT32文件系統，那么跳過這一步。不要被這一步嚇到，如果不用格式化，那么NOOBS安裝只需要三步：**下載**、**解壓**、在Raspberry pi上**啟動**。 Linux下將SDCard格式化成Fat32文件系統。用fdisk命令，需要root權限，或者sudo。插上SDCard卡，執行如下命令： ~~~ #fdisk?-l?? Disk?/dev/sdb:?8054?MB,?8054112256?bytes?? 49?heads,?29?sectors/track,?11070?cylinders,?total?15730688?sectors?? Units?=?sectors?of?1?*?512?=?512?bytes?? Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes?? I/O?size?(minimum/optimal):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes?? Disk?identifier:?0x00000000?? ?? ???Device?Boot??????Start?????????End??????Blocks???Id??System?? /dev/sdb1????????????8192????15730687?????7861248????b??W95?FAT32?? ~~~ 看來我的8G卡現在已經是FAT32系統了，而且就這一個分區。不要緊，過程我還是要執行一遍。 ~~~ #fdisk?/dev/sdb1?? Command?(m?for?help):?d?? No?partition?is?defined?yet!?? ?? Command?(m?for?help):?p?? ?? Disk?/dev/sdb1:?8049?MB,?8049917952?bytes?? 248?heads,?62?sectors/track,?1022?cylinders,?total?15722496?sectors?? Units?=?sectors?of?1?*?512?=?512?bytes?? Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes?? I/O?size?(minimum/optimal):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes?? Disk?identifier:?0x00000000?? ?? ?????Device?Boot??????Start?????????End??????Blocks???Id??System?? 1 ?? Command?(m?for?help):?n?? Partition?type:?? ???p???primary?(0?primary,?0?extended,?4?free)?? ???e???extended?? Select?(default?p):?p?? Partition?number?(1-4,?default?1):?1?? First?sector?(2048-15722495,?default?2048):??? Using?default?value?2048?? Last?sector,?+sectors?or?+size{K,M,G}?(2048-15722495,?default?15722495):??? Using?default?value?15722495?? ~~~ Tips：回車（Enter）鍵選擇默認項。 Tips:Enter is means you select default option. 上面創建了一個主分區，1號分區。并且設置了啟動和結束的扇區值。我們再來看看創建的情況： ~~~ Command?(m?for?help):?p?? ?? Disk?/dev/sdb1:?8049?MB,?8049917952?bytes?? 248?heads,?62?sectors/track,?1022?cylinders,?total?15722496?sectors?? Units?=?sectors?of?1?*?512?=?512?bytes?? Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes?? I/O?size?(minimum/optimal):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes?? Disk?identifier:?0x00000000?? ?? ?????Device?Boot??????Start?????????End??????Blocks???Id??System?? /dev/sdb1p1????????????2048????15722495?????7860224???83??Linux?? ~~~ 好的，我們的分區類型是linux，下面我們再把它轉換成FAT32. ~~~ Command?(m?for?help):?t?? Selected?partition?1?? Hex?code?(type?L?to?list?codes):?l?//attention!This?is?L!?Not?number?1.?? ?? ?0??Empty???????????24??NEC?DOS?????????81??Minix?/?old?Lin?bf??Solaris?????????? ?1??FAT12???????????27??Hidden?NTFS?Win?82??Linux?swap?/?So?c1??DRDOS/sec?(FAT-?? ?2??XENIX?root??????39??Plan?9??????????83??Linux???????????c4??DRDOS/sec?(FAT-?? ?3??XENIX?usr???????3c??PartitionMagic??84??OS/2?hidden?C:??c6??DRDOS/sec?(FAT-?? ?4??FAT16? ?5??Extended????????41??PPC?PReP?Boot???86??NTFS?volume?set?da??Non-FS?data?????? ?6??FAT16???????????42??SFS?????????????87??NTFS?volume?set?db??CP/M?/?CTOS?/?.?? ?7??HPFS/NTFS/exFAT?4d??QNX4.x??????????88??Linux?plaintext?de??Dell?Utility????? ?8??AIX?????????????4e??QNX4.x?2nd?part?8e??Linux?LVM???????df??BootIt??????????? ?9??AIX?bootable????4f??QNX4.x?3rd?part?93??Amoeba??????????e1??DOS?access??????? ?a??OS/2?Boot?Manag?50??OnTrack?DM??????94??Amoeba?BBT??????e3??DOS?R/O?????????? ?b??W95?FAT32???????51??OnTrack?DM6?Aux?9f??BSD/OS??????????e4??SpeedStor???????? ?c??W95?FAT32?(LBA)?52??CP/M????????????a0??IBM?Thinkpad?hi?eb??BeOS?fs?????????? ?e??W95?FAT16?(LBA)?53??OnTrack?DM6?Aux?a5??FreeBSD?????????ee??GPT?????????????? ?f??W95?Ext'd?(LBA)?54??OnTrackDM6??????a6??OpenBSD?????????ef??EFI?(FAT-12/16/?? 10??OPUS????????????55??EZ-Drive????????a7??NeXTSTEP????????f0??Linux/PA-RISC?b?? 11??Hidden?FAT12????56??Golden?Bow??????a8??Darwin?UFS??????f1??SpeedStor???????? 12??Compaq?diagnost?5c??Priam?Edisk?????a9??NetBSD??????????f4??SpeedStor???????? 14??Hidden?FAT16? 16??Hidden?FAT16????63??GNU?HURD?or?Sys?af??HFS?/?HFS+??????fb??VMware?VMFS?????? 17??Hidden?HPFS/NTF?64??Novell?Netware??b7??BSDI?fs?????????fc??VMware?VMKCORE??? 18??AST?SmartSleep??65??Novell?Netware??b8??BSDI?swap???????fd??Linux?raid?auto?? 1b??Hidden?W95?FAT3?70??DiskSecure?Mult?bb??Boot?Wizard?hid?fe??LANstep?????????? 1c??Hidden?W95?FAT3?75??PC/IX???????????be??Solaris?boot????ff??BBT?????????????? 1e??Hidden?W95?FAT1?80??Old?Minix???????? Hex?code?(type?L?to?list?codes):?b?? Changed?system?type?of?partition?1?to?b?(W95?FAT32)?? ?? Command?(m?for?help):?p?? ?? Disk?/dev/sdb1:?8049?MB,?8049917952?bytes?? 248?heads,?62?sectors/track,?1022?cylinders,?total?15722496?sectors?? Units?=?sectors?of?1?*?512?=?512?bytes?? Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes?? I/O?size?(minimum/optimal):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes?? Disk?identifier:?0x00000000?? ?? ?????Device?Boot??????Start?????????End??????Blocks???Id??System?? /dev/sdb1p1????????????2048????15722495?????7860224????b??W95?FAT32?? ~~~ 此時需要將新的分區寫入到sdcard，使用w命令： ~~~ Command?(m?for?help):?w?? The?partition?table?has?been?altered!?? ?? Calling?ioctl()?to?re-read?partition?table.?? ?? WARNING:?Re-reading?the?partition?table?failed?with?error?22:?Invalid?argument.?? The?kernel?still?uses?the?old?table.?The?new?table?will?be?used?at?? the?next?reboot?or?after?you?run?partprobe(8)?or?kpartx(8)?? ?? WARNING:?If?you?have?created?or?modified?any?DOS?6.x?? partitions,?please?see?the?fdisk?manual?page?for?additional?? information.?? Syncing?disks.?? ?? ?? mkfs.vfat?/dev/sdb1?? mkfs.vfat?3.0.12?(29?Oct?2011)?? mkfs.vfat:?/dev/sdb1?contains?a?mounted?file?system.?? ~~~ 值得注意的是，我上面的format操作貌似沒有成功。因為在sdcard中還可以看到原有文件，也許是因為寫保護？還是什么別的原因？好像我的一系列操作都沒有成功似的。 #### 第三步，將NOOBS文件解壓到SDCard 如果SDCard本來就是FAT32系統，那么直接就可以做這一步，這也就是用NOOBS工具安裝系統的方便之所在。解壓過程：此時我在sdcard的目錄下，直接執行unzip。 ~~~ unzip?~/raspberrypi/NOOBS_v1_3_10.zip??? Archive:??~/raspberrypi/NOOBS_v1_3_10.zip?? ??inflating:?BUILD-DATA???????????????? ??inflating:?INSTRUCTIONS-README.txt???? ?extracting:?RECOVERY_FILES_DO_NOT_EDIT???? ??inflating:?bootcode.bin?????????????? ???creating:?defaults/?? ???creating:?defaults/slides/?? ??inflating:?defaults/slides/A.png????? ???creating:?os/?? ???creating:?os/Raspbian/?? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/root.tar.xz???? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/boot.tar.xz???? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/partition_setup.sh???? ?extracting:?os/Raspbian/Raspbian.png???? ???creating:?os/Raspbian/slides_vga/?? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/slides_vga/G.png???? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/slides_vga/B.png???? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/slides_vga/C.png???? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/slides_vga/D.png???? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/slides_vga/E.png???? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/slides_vga/F.png???? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/slides_vga/A.png???? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/partitions.json???? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/flavours.json???? ?extracting:?os/Raspbian/Raspbian_-_Boot_to_Scratch.png???? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/os.json??????? ??inflating:?os/Raspbian/release_notes.txt???? ???creating:?os/Data_Partition/?? ?extracting:?os/Data_Partition/Data_Partition.png???? ??inflating:?os/Data_Partition/partitions.json???? ??inflating:?os/Data_Partition/os.json???? ?extracting:?os/Data_Partition/data.tar.xz???? ??inflating:?recovery.cmdline?????????? ??inflating:?recovery.elf?????????????? ??inflating:?recovery.img?????????????? ??inflating:?recovery.rfs?????????????? ??inflating:?riscos-boot.bin??????????? ~~~ #### 第四步，啟動現在可以把SDCard從電腦上退下來，插到板子上，加電啟動。如下圖所示： ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-01-05_568b30866b5f8.jpg) ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-01-05_568b30868472c.jpg) ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-01-05_568b30869f3b7.jpg) ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-01-05_568b3086c2f46.jpg) 在安裝中，拷貝速度是1.4MB/s,明顯比直接用dd命令將img拷貝到sdcard中慢。經過漫長的安裝過程，終于成功了。啟動畫面與上一季完全一樣。 ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-01-05_568b3086e4128.jpg) 參考：官方安裝文檔：http://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/installation/noobs.md