突擊Mercurial SCM（HG） · 突擊Mercurial SCM（HG）

這個叫水銀的源碼管理工具雖然默默無聞，但還是得到了很多團隊的使用。為了迎合某些團隊的需要，我們也要用它來管理我們的代碼。今天的任務是先突擊學習，磨刀不誤砍柴工。對工具的掌握越快，工作的效率就會越高。 #### 1.安裝首先從[官網](http://mercurial.selenic.com/)下載最新的版本，我這次做個實驗，下載了3.2-rc。解壓到你指定的目錄下： ~~~ [linc@localhost?mercurial]$?ls?? mercurial-3.2-rc.tar.gz?? [linc@localhost?mercurial]$?tar?xzvf?mercurial-3.2-rc.tar.gz??? ~~~ 安裝之前要檢查一下是否已經安裝了python-dev,這在fedora下叫作python-devel, 如果沒有，編譯時會出現錯誤： ~~~ mercurial/base85.c:13:20:?fatal?error:?Python.h:?No?such?file?or?directory?? ~~~ 只要看看/usr/include/python2.7/下有沒有上述的頭文件就知曉了。安裝也好辦，ubuntu下使用： ` sudo?apt-get?install?python-dev??` fedora下使用： ` [linc@localhost?etc]$?sudo?yum?install?python-devel??` 來到mercurial-3.2-rc路徑下，執行： ~~~ [linc@localhost?mercurial-3.2-rc]$?make?install-home?? python?setup.py??build??? running?build?? running?build_mo?? running?build_ext?? building?'mercurial.base85'?extension?? ...?? ~~~ ~~~ make[1]:?***?[hg.1]?Error?255?? make[1]:?Leaving?directory?`/home/linc/dev/mercurial/mercurial-3.2-rc/doc'?? make:?***?[doc]?Error?2?? ~~~ 最后的錯誤是關于文檔的，這里被我無視了，嘗試執行hg，得到了反饋，說明基本功能是安裝完成了。 ~~~ [linc@localhost?mercurial-3.2-rc]$?hg?? Mercurial?Distributed?SCM?? ?? basic?commands:?? ?? ?add???????????add?the?specified?files?on?the?next?commit?? ?annotate??????show?changeset?information?by?line?for?each?file?? ?clone?????????make?a?copy?of?an?existing?repository?? ?commit????????commit?the?specified?files?or?all?outstanding?changes?? ?diff??????????diff?repository?(or?selected?files)?? ?export????????dump?the?header?and?diffs?for?one?or?more?changesets?? ?forget????????forget?the?specified?files?on?the?next?commit?? ?init??????????create?a?new?repository?in?the?given?directory?? ?log???????????show?revision?history?of?entire?repository?or?files?? ?merge?????????merge?working?directory?with?another?revision?? ?pull??????????pull?changes?from?the?specified?source?? ?push??????????push?changes?to?the?specified?destination?? ?remove????????remove?the?specified?files?on?the?next?commit?? ?serve?????????start?stand-alone?webserver?? ?status????????show?changed?files?in?the?working?directory?? ?summary???????summarize?working?directory?state?? ?update????????update?working?directory?(or?switch?revisions)?? ?? (use?"hg?help"?for?the?full?list?of?commands?or?"hg?-v"?for?details)?? ~~~ 2.簡單的使用下面就要試著創建一個項目并提交代碼。創建init目錄： ~~~ [linc@localhost?testHG]$?hg?init?testMercurial?? [linc@localhost?testHG]$?ls?? testMercurial?? [linc@localhost?testHG]$?cd?testMercurial/?? ~~~ 添加我的小項目，將其他目錄下的源碼拷到這里： ~~~ [linc@localhost?testMercurial]$?cp?-r?../../hello/*?.?? [linc@localhost?testMercurial]$?ls?? Debug??Release??src?? ~~~ 查看當前狀態： ~~~ [linc@localhost?testMercurial]$?hg?status?? ??Debug/makefile?? ??Debug/objects.mk?? ??Debug/sources.mk?? ??Debug/src/subdir.mk?? ??Release/makefile?? ??Release/objects.mk?? ??Release/sources.mk?? ??Release/src/subdir.mk?? ??src/hello.c?? ~~~ 問號表示還沒有納入版本管理，下面就給它們添加進來： ~~~ [linc@localhost?testMercurial]$?hg?add?? adding?Debug/makefile?? adding?Debug/objects.mk?? adding?Debug/sources.mk?? adding?Debug/src/subdir.mk?? adding?Release/makefile?? adding?Release/objects.mk?? adding?Release/sources.mk?? adding?Release/src/subdir.mk?? adding?src/hello.c?? [linc@localhost?testMercurial]$?hg?status?? A?Debug/makefile?? A?Debug/objects.mk?? A?Debug/sources.mk?? A?Debug/src/subdir.mk?? A?Release/makefile?? A?Release/objects.mk?? A?Release/sources.mk?? A?Release/src/subdir.mk?? A?src/hello.c?? ~~~ A就是add的標識了。下面我們提交這些代碼吧。 ~~~ [linc@localhost?testMercurial]$?hg?commit?-m?'initial?commit'?? abort:?no?username?supplied?? (use?"hg?config?--edit"?to?set?your?username)?? [linc@localhost?testMercurial]$?hg?config?--edit?? ~~~ 可惜由于我沒有編輯好我的名稱在配置文件中，先去添加一下，然后繼續提交代碼： ~~~ [linc@localhost?testMercurial]$?hg?commit?-m?'initial?commit'?? [linc@localhost?testMercurial]$?hg?status?? [linc@localhost?testMercurial]$?hg?log?? changeset:???0:23ac3f5bfc59?? tag:?????????tip?? user:????????Lincoln??? date:????????Mon?Oct?27?21:05:10?2014?+0800?? summary:?????initial?commit?? ~~~ 上面的changeset就是git中的commit id，冒號前面的0就是你的changeset id，越靠前表示它的資歷越老。 tag中的tip，一般出現在最新的changeset中，這個小技巧你要記住了哦。最后我們要將提交推到遠程庫中才算大功告成。與git類似，也是用push命令： ` hg?push?/the?remote?repository??` 我想要看看這一版都修改了那些地方怎么查？記得git中用show命令，hg呢？export就好了： ~~~ [linc@localhost?testMercurial]$?hg?export?0:23ac3f5bfc59?? #?HG?changeset?patch?? #?User?Lincoln??? #?Date?1414415110?-28800?? #??????Mon?Oct?27?21:05:10?2014?+0800?? #?Node?ID?23ac3f5bfc592c7bd2b293e8ace0f42b9e541ece?? #?Parent??0000000000000000000000000000000000000000?? initial?commit?? ?? diff?-r?000000000000?-r?23ac3f5bfc59?Debug/makefile?? ---?/dev/null???Thu?Jan?01?00:00:00?1970?+0000?? +++?b/Debug/makefile????Mon?Oct?27?21:05:10?2014?+0800?? @@?-0,0?+1,44?@@?? ~~~ 這基本的功能就是這樣了，后面還會繼續merge、conflict等功能。后記： 2015.1.29 ubuntu上安裝：上述報錯是因為doc安裝需要python-docutils工具，我們需要安裝它： /opt/mercurial-3.3-rc$ sudo apt-get install python-docutils 這次再編譯就沒有問題了： /opt/mercurial-3.3-rc$ sudo make install 參考： http://mercurial.selenic.com/guide