第四章：MongoDB的簡單使用 · MongoDB指南

一、操作數據的4個基本操作 CRUD * 創建 > postblog={ "title":"My Blog","content":"here's my blog post" } { "title" : "My Blog", "content" : "here's my blog post" } > db.blog.insert(postblog) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) * 讀取 > db.blog.findOne() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9653d176bf72afc4910a71"), "title" : "My Blog", "content" : "here's my blog post" } * 更新 ~~~ > single=db.person.findOne() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a96479666a9aa3f85f445dd"), "username" : "louis", "age" : 27 } > single.age=30 30 > db.person.update({"age":27},single) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.person.findOne( ) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a96479666a9aa3f85f445dd"), "username" : "louis", "age" : 30 } ~~~ 案例： ~~~ update命令 update命令格式： db.collection.update(criteria,objNew,upsert,multi) 參數說明： criteria：查詢條件 objNew：update對象和一些更新操作符 upsert：如果不存在update的記錄，是否插入objNew這個新的文檔，true為插入，默認為false，不插入。 multi：默認是false，只更新找到的第一條記錄。如果為true，把按條件查詢出來的記錄全部更新。把count大于30的class name修改為c6 > db.classes.update({"count":{$gt:30}},{$set:{"name":"c8"}},false,true) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 3, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 3 }) > db.classes.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a965a6dec5536ed2bd6742d"), "name" : "c6", "count" : 30 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a965a72ec5536ed2bd6742e"), "name" : "c8", "count" : 40 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a965a77ec5536ed2bd6742f"), "name" : "c8", "count" : 50 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a965b1bec5536ed2bd67430"), "name" : "c8", "count" : 50 } ~~~ * 刪除 ~~~ > db.person.remove({"age":50}) WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 }) > db.person.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9657557e8b849ebbb5e7f6"), "name" : "louis01", "age" : 21 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a96575d7e8b849ebbb5e7f8"), "name" : "louis02", "age" : 32 } ~~~ 其他： ~~~ > db.stats() { "db" : "person", "collections" : 3, "views" : 0, "objects" : 6, "avgObjSize" : 5480.5, "dataSize" : 32883, "storageSize" : 86016, "numExtents" : 0, "indexes" : 3, "indexSize" : 86016, "fsUsedSize" : 3536478208, "fsTotalSize" : 13394386944, "ok" : 1 } ~~~ 第二部分：數據類型 1、BSON相對JSON表現出來的多余類型 JSON支持的類型，BSON這邊也支持 * 函數 ~~~ > db.person.insert({"name":"alex",callback:function(){alert("1")}}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.person.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9657557e8b849ebbb5e7f6"), "name" : "louis01", "age" : 21 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a96575d7e8b849ebbb5e7f8"), "name" : "louis02", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a965eb8ec5536ed2bd67431"), "name" : "alex", "callback" : { "code" : "function (){alert(\"1\")}" } } ~~~ * 日期類型 > var d=new Date() > d ISODate("2018-02-28T07:52:33.646Z") > db.person.insert({"name":"pack","date":d}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.person.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9657557e8b849ebbb5e7f6"), "name" : "louis01", "age" : 21 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a96575d7e8b849ebbb5e7f8"), "name" : "louis02", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a965eb8ec5536ed2bd67431"), "name" : "alex", "callback" : { "code" : "function (){alert(\"1\")}" } } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966022ec5536ed2bd67432"), "name" : "pack", "date" : ISODate("2018-02-28T07:52:33.646Z") } 三）CURD四種操作 * find命令 > for(var i=1;i<100;i++){ ... db.person.insert({"name":"hcx"+i,"age":i/19}) ... } WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.person.count() 99 查找hcx10 > db.person.find({"name":"hcx10"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9667ef531592b450664955"), "name" : "hcx10", "age" : 0.5263157894736842 } 指定返回的鍵 > db.person.find({"name":"hcx9"},{"age":1}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9667ef531592b450664954"), "age" : 0.47368421052631576 } > db.person.find({"name":"hcx9"},{"age":1,"_id":0}) { "age" : 0.47368421052631576 } 上面的0和1表示不展示或展示，1表示展示 ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/a30591690d1f0ec314218e749044e77c_527x161.png) 查詢條件： * $lt、$lte、$gt、$gte $ne 不等于 > db.person.find({"age" : {"$gt":10,"$lte":15}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b0"), "name" : "alex6", "age" : 11 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b1"), "name" : "alex7", "age" : 12 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b2"), "name" : "alex8", "age" : 13 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b3"), "name" : "alex9", "age" : 14 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b4"), "name" : "alex10", "age" : 15 } $in 如果一個鍵有多個值與其匹配的話，就要用$in加一個條件數組 > db.person.find({"age":{"$in":[10,12,13]}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349af"), "name" : "alex5", "age" : 10 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b1"), "name" : "alex7", "age" : 12 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b2"), "name" : "alex8", "age" : 13 } $or 如果想找出年齡是20或者name為alex50的 ~~~ > db.person.find({"$or":[{"age":20},{"name":"alex50"}]}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b9"), "name" : "alex15", "age" : 20 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349dc"), "name" : "alex50", "age" : 55 } > db.person.find({"$or":[{"age":{"$in":[20,21,23]}},{"name":"alex50"}]}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b9"), "name" : "alex15", "age" : 20 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349ba"), "name" : "alex16", "age" : 21 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349bc"), "name" : "alex18", "age" : 23 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349dc"), "name" : "alex50", "age" : 55 } ~~~ > var cond={"$or":[{"age":{"$gte":10,"$lte":15}},{"name":{"$in":["alex50","alex52","alex60"]}}]} > db.person.find(cond) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349af"), "name" : "alex5", "age" : 10 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b0"), "name" : "alex6", "age" : 11 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b1"), "name" : "alex7", "age" : 12 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b2"), "name" : "alex8", "age" : 13 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b3"), "name" : "alex9", "age" : 14 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349b4"), "name" : "alex10", "age" : 15 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349dc"), "name" : "alex50", "age" : 55 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349de"), "name" : "alex52", "age" : 57 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a966b233d47183f800349e6"), "name" : "alex60", "age" : 65 } $not 用在其他條件之上的，not操作符不能獨立使用，必須配合其他的操作符使用 > db.person.find({"age":{"$not":{"$in":[10,11,12]}}}) * 查看數組 ~~~ > db.food.insert({"fruit":["apple","banana","peach"]}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.food.find({"fruit":"banana"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9678df1c1456e8f9540021"), "fruit" : [ "apple", "banana", "peach" ] } > db.food.insert({"fruit":["apple","kumquat","orange"]}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.food.insert({"fruit":["cheery","banana","apple"]}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.food.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9678df1c1456e8f9540021"), "fruit" : [ "apple", "banana", "peach" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9679531c1456e8f9540022"), "fruit" : [ "apple", "kumquat", "orange" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9679751c1456e8f9540023"), "fruit" : [ "cheery", "banana", "apple" ] } > db.food.find({"fruit":{$all:["apple","banana"]}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9678df1c1456e8f9540021"), "fruit" : [ "apple", "banana", "peach" ] } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a9679751c1456e8f9540023"), "fruit" : [ "cheery", "banana", "apple" ] } ~~~ 五）插入 * 批量插入 db.person.insert() 判斷一個key是否存在 > db.person.find({"name":{ $exists: true}}) 刪除 > show collections blog classes foo.batchinsert food person study > db.blog.drop() 刪除collections true > db.study.drop() true > show collections classes foo.batchinsert food person > show dbs admin 0.000GB config 0.000GB foo 0.000GB local 0.000GB person 0.000GB 六）更新 ~~~ > db.foo.insert({"name":"hxc","age":25}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.foo.update({"age":25},{"age":30}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.foo.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a53dc51b3387784da132"), "age" : 30 } "$set"修改器 > db.foo.insert({"name":"joe","age":25}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.foo.insert({"name":"alex","age":20}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.foo.insert({"name":"yuki","age":20}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.foo.insert({"name":"louis","age":20}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.foo.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6d0c51b3387784da133"), "name" : "joe", "age" : 25 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6dec51b3387784da134"), "name" : "alex", "age" : 20 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6e2c51b3387784da135"), "name" : "yuki", "age" : 20 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6e7c51b3387784da136"), "name" : "louis", "age" : 20 } > db.foo.update({"name":"alex"},{"$set":{"age":30}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.foo.find({"name":"alex"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6dec51b3387784da134"), "name" : "alex", "age" : 30 } 要點：使用$set,如果這個key-value不存在，就創建這個 > db.foo.update({"name":"alex"},{"$set":{"book":"linux shell"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.foo.find({"name":"alex"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6dec51b3387784da134"), "name" : "alex", "age" : 30, "book" : "linux shell" } “$unset”可以將這個鍵值刪除 > db.foo.update({"name":"alex"},{"$unset":{"book":"linux shell"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.foo.find({"name":"alex"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6dec51b3387784da134"), "name" : "alex", "age" : 30 } $inc修飾器是用來增加已有健的值，或者在健不存在的時候，創建一個鍵 > db.games.insert({"game":"pinball","user":"joe"}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.games.update({"game":"pinball","user":"joe"},{"$inc":{"score":50}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.games.find({"user":"joe"}) （發現創建了一個鍵，并賦值50） { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97b06ec51b3387784da137"), "game" : "pinball", "user" : "joe", "score" : 50 } > db.games.update({"game":"pinball","user":"joe"},{"$inc":{"score":100}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.games.find({"user":"joe"}) （如果這個鍵存在，根據上面設置發現增加了100，變成150咯） { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97b06ec51b3387784da137"), "game" : "pinball", "user" : "joe", "score" : 150 } > db.foo.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6d0c51b3387784da133"), "name" : "joe", "age" : 25 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6dec51b3387784da134"), "name" : "alex", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6e2c51b3387784da135"), "name" : "yuki", "age" : 20 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6e7c51b3387784da136"), "name" : "louis", "age" : 20 } > db.foo.update({"name":"joe"},{"$inc":{"age":10}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.foo.find({"name":"joe"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97a6d0c51b3387784da133"), "name" : "joe", "age" : 35 } 數組修飾器：特點：只能用在值為數組的鍵上 $push對已有數組末尾添加一個元素，要是沒有，就會創建一個新的數組 > db.blog.insert({"titile":"a blog post","content":"...."}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.blog.update({"titile":"a blog post"},{$push:{"comments":{"name":"joe","email":"joe15@163.com","content":"nice post"}}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.blog.find({"titile":"a blog post"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97b727c51b3387784da138"), "titile" : "a blog post", "content" : "....", "comments" : [ { "name" : "joe", "email" : "joe15@163.com", "content" : "nice post" } ] } > db.blog.update({"titile":"a blog post"},{"$push":{"comments":{"name":"yuki","email":"yuki25@163.com","content":"yuki post"}}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.blog.find({"titile":"a blog post"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97b727c51b3387784da138"), "titile" : "a blog post", "content" : "....", "comments" : [ { "name" : "joe", "email" : "joe15@163.com", "content" : "nice post" }, { "name" : "yuki", "email" : "yuki25@163.com", "content" : "yuki post" } ] } $addToSet 添加新的值，可以避免重復 > db.email.insert({"username":"joe","email" : ["joe@example.com","joe@gmail.com"]}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.email.update({"username":"joe"},{"$addToSet":{"email":"joe@gmail.com"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 }) > db.email.find({"username":"joe"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97b96fc51b3387784da139"), "username" : "joe", "email" : [ "joe@example.com", "joe@gmail.com" ] } > db.email.update({"username":"joe"},{"$addToSet":{"email":{"joetest@163.com"}}}) 2018-03-01T16:29:25.409+0800 E QUERY [thread1] SyntaxError: missing : after property id @(shell):1:75 > db.email.update({"username":"joe"},{"$addToSet":{"email":"joetest@163.com"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.email.find({"username":"joe"}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97b96fc51b3387784da139"), "username" : "joe", "email" : [ "joe@example.com", "joe@gmail.com", "joetest@163.com" ] } 注意：使用$addToSet和$each組合起來，可以添加多個不同的值，如果想一次添加多個郵件地址 > db.email.update({"username":"joe"},{"$addToSet":{"email":{"$each":["test01@163.com","test02@163.com","test03@163.com"]}}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.email.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97b96fc51b3387784da139"), "username" : "joe", "email" : [ "joe@example.com", "joe@gmail.com", "joetest@163.com", "test01@163.com", "test02@163.com", "test03@163.com" ] } $pull 根據特定條件來從數組中刪除元素 > db.email.update({"username":"joe"},{"$pull":{"email":"test01@163.com"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.email.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97b96fc51b3387784da139"), "username" : "joe", "email" : [ "joe@example.com", "joe@gmail.com", "joetest@163.com", "test02@163.com", "test03@163.com" ] } ~~~ 第三部分：索引類型： B+ Tree 、hash索引、空間索引、全文索引 MongoDB支持的索引 1）單字段索引----Single 默認所有集合是通過_id進行索引，應用程序和用戶可以添加其他的字段來進行索引，案例： > db.records.insert({"score":1034,"location":{state:"NY",city:"shanghai"}}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.records.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a97ceafc1670638c95ceb9c"), "score" : 1034, "location" : { "state" : "NY", "city" : "shanghai" } } 以下操作score 在records集合的字段上創建一個升序索引值1指定按升序排列項目的索引。值-1指定按降序對項目進行排序的索引 2）組合索引 3）多鍵索引（Multikey）---（如：key：{}） 4）文本索引（全文索引） 5）hash索引