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                [toc] ## JS內置對象 >#### 什么是對象 1. 什么是對象: JavaScript中的所有事物都是對象: 字符串、數值、數組、函數... 每個對象帶有屬性和方法 JavaScript允許自定義對象 ``` people = new Object(); people.name = "xuxu"; ``` 2. 自定義對象 1). 定義并創建對象實例 ``` <script> people = {name: "xuxu", age: "22"}; document.write("name: "+people.name+" age: "+people.age); </script> ``` 2). 使用函數來定義對象, 然后創建新的對象實例 ``` <script> function people(name, age){ this._name = name; this._age = age; } person = new people("xuxu", 22); document.write(person._name + " : " + person._age) </script> ``` >#### String對象 1. String對象: String對象用于處理已有的字符串 字符串可以使用雙引號或單引號 2. 在字符串中查找字符串:indexOf() ``` var str = "Hello World"; document.write(str.indexOf("World")); ``` 3. 內容匹配:match() ``` document.write(str.match("World")); ``` 4. 內容替換:replace() ``` document.write(str.replace("World", "replace")); //hello replace ``` 5. 字符串大小寫轉換:toUpperCase() / toLowerCase() ``` document.write(str.toUpperCase()); ``` 6. 字符串轉換為數組:strong>split() ``` var str1 = "hello, jike, xueyuan"; var s = str1.split(","); //以","分割數組 document.write(s[1]); //打印第二個數組. 或者其他分隔符都可 ``` >#### Date日期對象 1. Date對象 日期對象用于處理日期和時間 ``` var date = new Date(); document.write(date); ``` 2. 獲得當日的日期 3. 常用方法 getFullYear(): 獲取年份 getTime(): 獲取毫秒 setFullYear(): 設置具體的日期(自己設置的時間) ``` ate.setFullYear(2010,1,1); document.write(date); //Mon Feb 01 2010 20:45:03 GMT+0800 (中國標準時間) ``` getDay(): 獲取星期 ``` /*顯示時間函數*/ <body onload="startTime()"> <p id="timetxt"></p> <script> function startTime(){ var today = new Date(); var h = today.getHours(); var m = today.getMinutes(); var s = today.getSeconds(); m = checkTime(m); s = checkTime(s); t = setTimeout(function(){startTime();}, 1000); document.getElementById("timetxt").innerHTML = h+" : "+m+" : "+s; } /*在分秒前加"0"*/ function checkTime(i){ if(i<10){i="0"+i;} return i; } </script> </body> ``` >#### Array數組對象 1. Array對象: 使用單獨的變量名來存儲一系列的值 2. 數組的創建: 例:var myArray = ["hello", "iwen", "ime"]; 3. 數組的訪問: 通過指定數組名以及索引號碼,你可以訪問特定的元素 注意:[0]是數組的第一個元素。[1]是數組的第二個元素。 4. 數組的常用方法: concat(): 合并數組 ``` var a = ["hello", "world"]; var b = ["iewn", "ime"]; var c = a.concat(b); document.write(c); //hello,world,iewn,ime ``` sort():排序 ``` var a = ["a", "c", "d", "t", "b", "e"]; document.write(a.sort()); //a,b,c,d,e 默認打印順序, 數字同理 ``` ``` /*降序排列*/ var a = ["5", "2", "4", "3", "1"]; document.write(a.sort(function(a, b){ return b-a; //升序改成a-b })) ``` push():末尾追加元素 ``` var a = ["a", "b"]; a.push("c"); //在末尾追加 document.write(a); //a,b,c ``` reverse():數組元素翻轉 ``` var a = ["a", "b", "c"]; document.write(a.reverse()); //c,b,a ``` >#### math對象 1. Math對象 執行常見的算術任務 2. 常用方法: round():四舍五入 ``` document.write(Math.round(2.5)); //3 ``` random():返回0-1之間的隨機數 ``` document.write(Math.random()); //返回一個0-1之間的小數(小數點后14位) document.write(parseInt(Math.random()*10)); //返回一個0-1之間的整型 ``` max():返回最高值 ``` document.write(Math.max(10, 20, 0.5, 1)); ``` min():返回中的最低值 abs() ``` document.write(Math.abs(-10)); ```
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