Spring從3.0開始提供 JSR-330標準的注釋。(依賴注入) 需要添加 <dependency> <groupId>javax.inject</groupId> <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId> <version>1</version> </dependency> 1.11.1 使用 @Inject 和@Named 配置依賴注入 替換@Autowired， @javax.inject.Inject?用法如下： import javax.inject.Inject; public class SimpleMovieLister { private MovieFinder movieFinder; @Inject public void setMovieFinder(MovieFinder movieFinder) { this.movieFinder = movieFinder; } public void listMovies() { this.movieFinder.findMovies(...); ... } } } 和@Autowired一樣， 也可以在字段層級、方法層級和構造參數層級使用@Inject， 使用@Name 指定Bean import javax.inject.Inject; import javax.inject.Named; public class SimpleMovieLister { private MovieFinder movieFinder; @Inject public void setMovieFinder(@Named("main") MovieFinder movieFinder) { this.movieFinder = movieFinder; } // ... } } ?和@Autowired一樣， @Inject同樣可以使用java.util.Optional和?@Nullable。 1.11.2 @Named and @ManagedBean 與 @Component注釋等效 import javax.inject.Inject; import javax.inject.Named; @Named("movieListener") // @ManagedBean("movieListener") could be used as well public class SimpleMovieLister { private MovieFinder movieFinder; @Inject public void setMovieFinder(MovieFinder movieFinder) { this.movieFinder = movieFinder; } // ... } } 1.11.3 JSR-330標準注釋的局限 Spring javax.inject.* javax.inject restrictions / comments @Autowired @Inject @Inject?has no 'required' attribute; can be used with Java 8’s?Optionalinstead. @Component @Named / @ManagedBean JSR-330 does not provide a composable model, just a way to identify named components. @Scope("singleton") @Singleton The JSR-330 default scope is like Spring’s?prototype. However, in order to keep it consistent with Spring’s general defaults, a JSR-330 bean declared in the Spring container is a?singleton?by default. In order to use a scope other than?singleton, you should use Spring’s?@Scopeannotation.?javax.inject?also provides a?@Scope?annotation. Nevertheless, this one is only intended to be used for creating your own annotations. @Qualifier @Qualifier / @Named javax.inject.Qualifier?is just a meta-annotation for building custom qualifiers. Concrete String qualifiers (like Spring’s?@Qualifier?with a value) can be associated through?javax.inject.Named. @Value - no equivalent @Required - no equivalent @Lazy - no equivalent ObjectFactory Provider javax.inject.Provider?is a direct alternative to Spring’s?ObjectFactory, just with a shorter?get()?method name. It can also be used in combination with Spring’s?@Autowired?or with non-annotated constructors and setter methods