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                # 發送 POST 請求(模擬用戶登錄操作) 需求:模擬用戶登錄操作。 * 編寫頁面: ~~~ <span id="result"></span> <form id="loginForm"> ? ?<input type="text" id="username" name="username" placeholder="用戶名"> ? ?<input type="text" id="password" name="username" placeholder="密碼"> ? ?<input id="login" type="button" value="登錄"> </form> ~~~ * 編寫 AJAX 代碼: * ## 注意加上 ~~~ ajax.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); ~~~ ~~~ window.onload = function(){ ? ?var loginEle = document.querySelector('#login'); ? ?loginEle.onclick = function(){ ? ? ? ?var username = document.getElementById('username').value; ? ? ? ?var password = document.getElementById('password').value; ? ? ? ?var params = 'username=' + username + '&password=' + password; ? ? ? ? ?var ajax = new XMLHttpRequest(); ? ? ? ? ?ajax.open('post', '/login', true); ? ? ? ?// 參數進行 URL 編碼,不然后臺代碼無法獲取請求體中的參數 ? ? ? ?ajax.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); ? ? ? ? ?ajax.onreadystatechange = function () { ? ? ? ? ? ?if(ajax.readyState == 4 && ajax.status == 200){ // 代表后臺處理完畢且響應 200 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?// 執行對應邏輯 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?console.log(ajax.responseText); ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?document.getElementById('result').innerText = ajax.responseText; ? ? ? ? ? } ? ? ? } ? ? ? ?ajax.send(params); ? } } ~~~ * 編寫后臺代碼: * ## 注意加上中間件app.use(express.urlencoded()); ~~~ const express = require('express'); const app = express(); ? app.use(express.urlencoded()); app.use('/static', express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'static'))); ? app.post('/login', (req, res) => { ? ?console.log(req.body); ? ?if('zs' == req.body.username && '12345' == req.body.password){ ? ? ? ?res.send('登錄成功'); ? }else{ ? ? ? ?res.send('登錄失敗'); ? } }); ? app.listen(8888, () => { ? ?console.log('running...'); }); ~~~ # 超時處理 有時網絡會出現問題或者服務端出問題導致請求時間過長,一般提示網絡請求稍后重試,以增加用戶的體驗感。在代碼中我們可以通過定時器和請求中斷來實現超時處理的效果。 ~~~ var timer = setTimeout(function () { ? ?// 中斷請求 ? ?ajax.abort(); }, 5000); ~~~ # 方法抽取 ``` function ajax(mehtod, url, param, success, time){ var ajax; try { // 非 IE ajax = new XMLHttpRequest(); } catch (e) { // IE ajax = new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP'); } if(method == 'get'){ param = encodeURI(param); url = url + '?' + param; param = null; } ajax.open(method, url, true); if(method == 'post'){ ajax.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); } ajax.onreadystatechange = function () { // onload if(ajax.readyState == 4 && ajax.status == 200){ success(ajax.responseText); } } ajax.send(param); var timer = setTimeout(function () { ajax.abort(); }, time); } ```
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