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                ??碼云GVP開源項目 12k star Uniapp+ElementUI 功能強大 支持多語言、二開方便! 廣告
                ## 一、Http 建立在TCP傳輸協議之上的應用層協議,目前主流針對于WEB開發,Http協議應用非常廣泛 ,因此掌握HTTP協議的開發之重要。Netty如何基于Http協議進行開發,那么使用Netty的Http 協議也是異步非阻塞的。 ### Http協議的特點: 簡單:客戶端請求服務器時只需要指定URL和攜帶的參數 靈活:Http協議允許傳輸任意類型的數據對象,傳輸內容有Http消息頭中的Content-Type加以標記 ### Http協議的組成 請求行 請求頭 請求正文 ### Http協議 響應狀態種類 1xx :提示消息。表示請求已經接受繼續處理 2xx :成功 表示請求已經接受成功 3xx :重定向 要完成的請求必須進行進一步的操作 4xx :客戶端錯誤。可能是請求語法錯誤或者請求無法實現 5xx: 服務器錯誤。服務器未能處理請求(可能內部出現異常) ### 常見相應狀態碼 200 ok 成功 400 bad Request 錯誤請求語法,不能被服務理解 401 Unauthorized 請求未經授權 403 Forbidden 服務器收到請求,但是請求被服務器拒絕 404 Not Found 請求資源不存在 405 Method Not Allowed 請求方式不被允許,如只支持get請求,但客戶端使用post 請求 500 Inernal Server Error: 服務器發送不可預期的錯誤 503 Servr Unavailable:服務器當前不能處理客戶端的請求,一段時間后可能才能恢復正常 ## 二、Netty與Http ### HttpHelloWorldServer public final class HttpHelloWorldServer { static final boolean SSL = System.getProperty("ssl") != null; static final int PORT = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("port", SSL? "8443" : "8080")); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // Configure SSL. final SslContext sslCtx; if (SSL) { SelfSignedCertificate ssc = new SelfSignedCertificate(); sslCtx = SslContext.newServerContext(ssc.certificate(), ssc.privateKey()); } else { sslCtx = null; } // Configure the server. EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .childHandler(new HttpHelloWorldServerInitializer(sslCtx)); Channel ch = b.bind(PORT).sync().channel(); System.err.println("Open your web browser and navigate to " + (SSL? "https" : "http") + "://127.0.0.1:" + PORT + '/'); ch.closeFuture().sync(); } finally { bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } } ### HttpHelloWorldServerInitializer public class HttpHelloWorldServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { private final SslContext sslCtx; public HttpHelloWorldServerInitializer(SslContext sslCtx) { this.sslCtx = sslCtx; } @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) { ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline(); if (sslCtx != null) { p.addLast(sslCtx.newHandler(ch.alloc())); } p.addLast(new HttpServerCodec()); p.addLast(new HttpHelloWorldServerHandler()); } } ### HttpHelloWorldServerHandler public class HttpHelloWorldServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter { private static final byte[] CONTENT = { 'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'W', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd' }; @Override public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) { ctx.flush(); } @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) { if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) { HttpRequest req = (HttpRequest) msg; if (HttpHeaderUtil.is100ContinueExpected(req)) { ctx.write(new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, CONTINUE)); } boolean keepAlive = HttpHeaderUtil.isKeepAlive(req); FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK, Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(CONTENT)); response.headers().set(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain"); response.headers().setInt(CONTENT_LENGTH, response.content().readableBytes()); if (!keepAlive) { ctx.write(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } else { response.headers().set(CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.KEEP_ALIVE); ctx.write(response); } } } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) { cause.printStackTrace(); ctx.close(); } }
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