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                #### 簡介 ``` 面向切面編程(IoC), 為開發者提供了一種無侵入式的開發方式,增強了Django框架的健壯性,其它的MVC框架也有這個功能 ``` #### 中間件方法 ``` Django在中間件中預置了六個方法,這六個方法的區別在于不同的階段執行,對輸入或輸出進行干預 ``` 1.初始化:無需任何參數,服務器響應第一個請求的時候調用一次,用于確定是否啟用當前中間件 ``` def __init__(): pass ``` 2.處理請求前:在每個請求上調用,返回None或HttpResponse對象 ``` def process_request(request): pass ``` 3.處理視圖前:在每個請求上調用,返回None或HttpResponse對象 ``` def process_view(request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs): pass ``` 4.處理模板響應前:在每個請求上調用,返回實現了render方法的響應對象 ``` def process_template_response(request, response): pass ``` 5.處理響應后:所有響應返回瀏覽器之前被調用,在每個請求上調用,返回HttpResponse對象 ``` def process_response(request, response): pass ``` 6.異常處理:當視圖拋出異常時調用,在每個請求上調用,返回一個HttpResponse對象 ``` def process_exception(request,exception): pass ``` #### 自定義中間件 中間件是一個獨立的`python類`,可以定義這六個方法中的一個或多個 ``` class TestMiddleware(object): def __init__(self): print('--------------init') def process_request(self, request): print('--------------request') def process_view(self, request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs): print('--------------view') def process_template_response(self, request, response): print('--------------template') return response def process_response(self, request, response): print('--------------response') return response ``` settings.py ``` MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'Book.middleware.TestMiddleware',# 增加自定義中間件 ) ``` 注: 如果多個中間件中注冊了相同的方法,則先注冊的后執行
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