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                # MySQL NULL 值處理 我們已經知道MySQL使用 SQL SELECT 命令及 WHERE 子句來讀取數據表中的數據,但是當提供的查詢條件字段為 NULL 時,該命令可能就無法正常工作。 為了處理這種情況,MySQL提供了三大運算符: * **IS NULL:** 當列的值是NULL,此運算符返回true。 * **IS NOT NULL:** 當列的值不為NULL, 運算符返回true。 * **&lt;=&gt;:**?比較操作符(不同于=運算符),當比較的的兩個值為NULL時返回true。 關于 NULL 的條件比較運算是比較特殊的。你不能使用 = NULL 或 != NULL 在列中查找 NULL 值 。 在MySQL中,NULL值與任何其它值的比較(即使是NULL)永遠返回false,即 NULL = NULL 返回false 。 MySQL中處理NULL使用IS NULL和IS NOT NULL運算符。 ## 在命令提示符中使用 NULL 值 以下實例中假設數據庫 TUTORIALS 中的表 tcount_tbl 含有兩列 tutorial_author 和 tutorial_count, tutorial_count 中設置插入NULL值。 ### 實例 嘗試以下實例: ``` root@host# mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use TUTORIALS; Database changed mysql> create table tcount_tbl -> ( -> tutorial_author varchar(40) NOT NULL, -> tutorial_count INT -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('mahran', 20); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('mahnaz', NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('Jen', NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('Gill', 20); mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl; +-----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` 以下實例中你可以看到 = 和 != 運算符是不起作用的: ``` mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = NULL; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count != NULL; Empty set (0.01 sec) ``` 查找數據表中 tutorial_count 列是否為 NULL,必須使用IS NULL和IS NOT NULL,如下實例: ``` mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NULL; +-----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NOT NULL; +-----------------+----------------+ | tutorial_author | tutorial_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) ``` ## 使用PHP腳本處理 NULL 值 PHP腳本中你可以在 if...else 語句來處理變量是否為空,并生成相應的條件語句。 以下實例中PHP設置了$tutorial_count變量,然后使用該變量與數據表中的 tutorial_count 字段進行比較: ``` <?php $dbhost = 'localhost:3036'; $dbuser = 'root'; $dbpass = 'rootpassword'; $conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass); if(! $conn ) { die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); } if( isset($tutorial_count )) { $sql = 'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = $tutorial_count'; } else { $sql = 'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count IS $tutorial_count'; } mysql_select_db('TUTORIALS'); $retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn ); if(! $retval ) { die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error()); } while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { echo "Author:{$row['tutorial_author']} <br> ". "Count: {$row['tutorial_count']} <br> ". "--------------------------------<br>"; } echo "Fetched data successfully\n"; mysql_close($conn); ?> ```
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