01 輕松學會Laravel-基礎篇 · [慕課網] 輕松學會Laravel

#輕松學會Laravel-基礎篇 ######Laravel 一鍵安裝包下載：[http://www.golaravel.com/download/](http://www.golaravel.com/download/) ###路由參數 ``` Route::get('user/{id}', function($id){ return $id; }); ``` 符合條件的路由：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user/1 ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/e8aeebdef3356e6deba3f10bebf8e49a_480x106.png) ``` Route::get('user/{name?}', function($name='zhangsan'){ return $name; }); ``` 不傳參數訪問： http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/6961b5a76d053e3d533639f577f04851_531x109.png) 傳參數訪問：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user/zhulinjie ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/c26799834cff975e6faf6a45b48e51e3_565x110.png) ``` Route::get('user/{name?}', function($name='zhangsan'){ return $name; })->where('name', '[A-Za-z]+'); ``` 符合條件的路由：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user/zhangsan ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/7d69af41655078bfc069f69a60632844_501x104.png) 不符合條件的路由：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user/1 ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/6d1689bcf30506a5b3fba1deb3a2e559_638x227.png) ###別名路由 ``` Route::get('user/user-personal', ['as'=>'personal', function(){ return route('personal'); }]); ``` 符合條件的路由：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/user/user-personal ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/8c36bc4ea31bf5a777715a92afbace05_599x111.png) ###路由群組 ``` Route::group(['prefix'=>'admin'], function(){ Route::get('user/user-personal', ['as'=>'personal', function(){ return route('personal'); }]); }); ``` 符合條件的路由：http://www.zhulinjie.com/laravel/public/admin/user/user-personal ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/553333c1741aac126929e89e1775a08b_609x110.png) ###控制器 routes.php ``` Route::get('user/personal', [ 'uses' => 'PersonalController@index', 'as' => 'personal' ]); ``` PersonalController.php ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Http\Controllers\Controller; class PersonalController extends Controller { public function index(){ return route('personal'); } } ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/32865fb4dda2fb73b107d96ab6de514f_503x111.png) ###模型 Personal.php ``` <?php namespace App; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Personal extends Model{ public static function getAll(){ return 'data'; } } ``` PersonalController.php ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Personal; class PersonalController extends Controller { public function index(){ return Personal::getAll(); } } ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/f78adcbbaf74bf612e25990b211f5f23_530x111.png) ###使用DB facade實現CURD ``` CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '學生表', `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '姓名', `age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '年齡', `sex` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '10' COMMENT '10 未知 20 男 30 女', `create_at` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '新增時間', `update_at` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '修改時間', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; ``` routes.php ``` Route::get('student', [ 'uses' => 'StudentController@index', 'as' => 'student' ]); ``` StudentController.php ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ // 新增 // $bool = DB::insert('insert into student(name, age) values(?, ?)', ['lisi', 25]); // var_dump($bool); // 更新 // $num = DB::update('update student set age = ? where name = ?', [20, 'zhangsan']); // 返回影響的行數 // var_dump($num); // 刪除 // $num = DB::delete('delete from student where id > ?', [1]); // 返回影響的行數 // var_dump($num); // 查詢 $data = DB::select('select * from student where id >= ?', [1]); dd($data); } } ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/f31298d303a3fbcc86a8f89b187b1d22_527x141.png) ###查詢構造器新增數據 ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ // 新增一條數據 // $bool = DB::table('student')->insert(['name'=>'zhangsan', 'age'=>18]); // var_dump($bool); // 新增一條數據并獲取自增ID // $id = DB::table('student')->insertGetId(['name'=>'lishi', 'age'=>20]); // var_dump($id); // 新增多條數據 $bool = DB::table('student')->insert([ ['name'=>'wangwu', 'age'=>25], ['name'=>'zhaoliu', 'age'=>22] ]); var_dump($bool); } } ``` ###查詢構造器更新數據 ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ // 更新返回受影響的行數 // $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->update(['age'=>30]); // var_dump($num); // 自增1 // $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->increment('age'); // var_dump($num); // 自增3 // $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->increment('age', 3); // var_dump($num); // 自減1 // $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->decrement('age'); // var_dump($num); // 自減3 // $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->decrement('age', 3); // var_dump($num); // 自增3 同時將name改為zhulinjie $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', 4)->increment('age', 3, ['name'=>'zhulinjie']); var_dump($num); } } ``` ###查詢構造器刪除數據 ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ // 刪除id大于6的記錄返回影響記錄行數 // $num = DB::table('student')->where('id', '>', 6)->delete(); // var_dump($num); // 清空數據不返回任何數據 DB::table('student')->truncate(); } } ``` ###查詢構造器查詢數據 ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ // get() 獲取多條記錄 // $students = DB::table('student')->get(); // dd($students); // first() 獲取結果集中的第一條記錄 // $student = DB::table('student')->first(); // dd($student); // where() // $students = DB::table('student')->where('id', '>=', 2)->get(); // dd($students); // whereRaw() 多條件查詢 // $students = DB::table('student')->whereRaw('id >= ? and id <= ?', [2,3])->get(); // dd($students); // $students = DB::table('student')->whereRaw('id >= ? or age = ?', [3, 18])->get(); // dd($students); // pluck() 從數據表中取得單一數據列 // $names = DB::table('student')->pluck('name'); // dd($names); // lists() 也可以獲取單一數據列，但lists的第二個參數可以將某個字段當前鍵返回 // $names = DB::table('student')->lists('name'); // dd($names); // $students = DB::table('student')->lists('age', 'name'); // dd($students); // select() 指定查詢字段 // $students = DB::table('student')->select('name', 'age')->get(); // dd($students); // chunk() 拆分查詢備注：現在并不明白是什么意思和具體的使用場景 // echo '<pre>'; // DB::table('student')->chunk(3, function($students){ // print_r($students); // }); echo '<pre>'; DB::table('student')->chunk(3, function($students){ print_r($students); return false; }); } } ``` pluck() 方法瀏覽器中運行效果： ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/e04970be582b1b46d1b17b0c98334370_454x182.png) lists() 方法瀏覽器中運行效果： ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/eaac32a4d4c5e6151443f667ac1760c6_521x180.png) chunk() 方法瀏覽器中運行效果： ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/27ea7ae5638840cee40905ee7c9824df_912x780.png) chunk() 方法瀏覽器中運行效果： ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/426e55c3ff683a34a528403f42897194_712x583.png) ###查詢構造器中的聚合函數 ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ // $num = DB::table('student')->count(); // var_dump($num); // $max = DB::table('student')->max('age'); // var_dump($max); // $min = DB::table('student')->min('age'); // var_dump($min); // $avg = DB::table('student')->avg('age'); // var_dump($avg); $sum = DB::table('student')->sum('age'); var_dump($sum); } } ``` ###Eloquent ORM簡介、模型的建立及查詢數據 Student.php ``` <?php namespace App; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Student extends Model{ // 指定表名 protected $table = 'student'; // 默認對應的是students表 // 指定主鍵 // protected $primaryKey = 'id'; // 默認主鍵就是ID } ``` StudentController.php ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Student; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ // $students = Student::all(); // dd($students); // 獲取id為1的記錄，如果記錄不存在，返回null // $student = Student::find(1); // dd($student); // 獲取id為11的記錄，如果記錄不存在，會報錯 // $student = Student::findOrFail(1); // dd($student); // 查詢構造器在ORM中的應用 // $students = Student::get(); // dd($students); // $student = Student::where('id', 1)->first(); // dd($student); // echo '<pre>'; // Student::chunk(3, function($students){ // print_r($students); // }); // 查詢構造器中的聚合函數在ORM中的應用 // $num = Student::count(); // dd($num); $max = Student::where('id', '>', 1)->max('age'); dd($max); } } ``` ###Eloquent ORM中新增數據、自定義時間戳及批量賦值的使用 Student.php ``` <?php namespace App; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Student extends Model{ // 指定表名 protected $table = 'student'; // 默認對應的是students表 // 指定主鍵 // protected $primaryKey = 'id'; // 默認主鍵就是ID // 指定允許批量賦值的字段 protected $fillable = ['name', 'age']; // 指定不允許批量賦值的字段 protected $guarded = []; // 自動維護新增時間和修改時間 public $timestamps = true; // 將新增時間和修改時間以時間戳的方式進行管理 protected function getDateFormat(){ return time(); } // 在獲取新增時間和修改時間的時候不做任何處理如果不寫這個方法默認會將時間戳轉換成 2016-12-24 13:24:58 格式 protected function asDateTime($val){ return $val; } } ``` StudentController.php ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Student; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ // 使用模型新增數據 // $student = new Student(); // $student->name = 'zhangsan'; // $student->age = 18; // $bool = $student->save(); // dd($bool); // $student = Student::find(1); // echo $student->created_at; // 使用模型的create方法新增數據 // $student = Student::create(['name'=>'lishi', 'age'=>19]); // dd($student); // 以屬性值查找用戶如果不存在則新增數據 // $student = Student::firstOrCreate(['name'=>'wangwu', 'age'=>20]); // dd($student); // 以屬性值查找用戶如果不存在則新增數據 $student = Student::firstOrNew(['name'=>'zhaoliu', 'age'=>21]); $bool = $student->save(); dd($bool); } } ``` ###使用Eloquent ORM修改數據 ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Student; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ // 通過模型更新 // $student = Student::find(1); // $student->name = 'zhulinjie'; // $bool = $student->save(); // dd($bool); // 結合查詢語句批量更新 $num = Student::where('id', '>', 2)->update(['age'=>22]); dd($num); } } ``` ###使用Eloquent ORM刪除數據 ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Student; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ // 通過模型刪除 // $student = Student::find(4); // $bool = $student->delete(); // dd($bool); // 通過主鍵刪除 // $num = Student::destroy(4); // $num = Student::destroy(3, 2); // $num = Student::destroy([3, 2]); // dd($num); // 根據指定條件刪除 $num = Student::where('id', '>=', 1)->delete(); dd($num); } } ``` ###Blade模板引擎-流程控制 StudentController.php ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Student; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ return view('student', ['name'=>'zhangsan']); } } ``` student.blade.php ``` <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>student</title> </head> <body> @unless($name != 'zhangsan') {{$name}} @endunless </body> </html> ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/057a0d02b9a9ce9e0c8e785f1021781e_448x112.png) StudentController.php ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Student; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ $stu = Student::get(); return view('student', ['stu'=>$stu]); } } ``` student.blade.php ``` <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>student</title> </head> <body> <ul> @forelse($stu as $val) <li>{{$val->name}} {{$val->age}}</li> @empty <li>暫無數據</li> @endforelse </ul> </body> </html> ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/377d77a8f38e0292bcf24ca1f029d93e_519x203.png) StudentController.php ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Student; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ $stu = []; return view('student', ['stu'=>$stu]); } } ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/deaf685f193a720d59ebd57a7e43a6c0_466x121.png) ###Blade模板引擎-模板中的URL >url() 通過路由的名稱生成url >action() 通過指定控制器和方法名生成url >route() 通過路由的別名生成url StudentController.php ``` <?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Student; use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB; class StudentController extends Controller { public function index(){ return view('student'); } } ``` student.blade.php ``` <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>student</title> </head> <body> <ul> <li><a href="{{ url('student') }}">{{ url('student') }}</a></li> <li><a href="{{ action('StudentController@index') }}">{{ action('StudentController@index') }}</a></li> <li><a href="{{ route('student') }}">{{ route('student') }}</a></li> </ul> </body> </html> ``` ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/e766005eb183ea8ea3fbabacfa794c67_487x162.png)