# 介紹
## Introduction 簡介
Principles are concepts that can be applied over and over again in similar circumstances as distinct from narrow answers to specific questions. Every game has principles that successful players master to achieve winning results. So does life. Principles are ways of successfully dealing with the laws of nature or the laws of life. Those who understand more of them and understand them well know how to interact with the world more effectively than those who know fewer of them or know them less well. Different principles apply to different aspects of life - e.g., there are "skiing principles" for skiing, "parenting principles" for parenting, "management principles" for managing, “investment principles” for investing, etc - and there are over - arching "life principles" that influence our approaches to all things. And, of course, different people subscribe to different principles that they believe work best.
原則是能夠在相似場景下反復運用的一套概念，有別于具體問題的狹義回答。每個游戲的獲勝者都有自己遵循的原則，生活也是如此。原則是應對自然或生活規律的種種方式。對原則理解越透徹，越能在生活中游刃有余。生活的不同方面也有各自的原則，例如滑雪有“滑雪原則”，做父母的有“父母原則”，管理有“管理原則，投資有“投資原則”等等，也存在支配一切，包羅萬象的“生活原則”。當然每個人都有自己認為最有效的原則。
I am confident that whatever success Bridgewater and I have had has resulted from our operating by certain principles. Creating a great culture, finding the right people, managing them to do great things and solving problems creatively and systematically are challenges faced by all organizations. What differentiates them is how they approach these challenges. The principles laid out in the pages that follow convey our unique ways of doing these things, which are the reasons for our unique results. Bridgewater’s success has resulted from talented people operating by the principles set out here, and it will continue if these or other talented people continue to operate by them. Like getting fit, virtually anyone can do it if they are willing to do what it takes.
我堅信我和橋水聯合基金所獲得的成功，都是得益于我們遵循了某些原則。創造了良好的企業文化，用對合適的員工，指導他們成就大業，各部門都能以有創意的方式系統解決問題，應對挑戰。他們的差異來自應對挑戰的方法不同。本書要詳述的原則體現了我們獨特的做事方法，這也是我們脫穎而出的原因。橋水聯合基金的成功得益于一群遵循原則處事的人才們，如果后輩人才繼續遵循這些原則，定能續寫成功。就像健身一樣，只有大家都愿意有所付出，才能有所收獲。
What is written here is just my understanding of what it takes: my most fundamental life principles, my approach to getting what I want, and my “management principles,” which are based on those foundations. Taken together, these principles are meant to paint a picture of a process for the systematic pursuit of truth and excellence and for the rewards that accompany this pursuit. I put them in writing for people to consider in order to help Bridgewater and the people I care about most.
我來說說遵循原則帶來的收獲吧：我最根本的一套原則，實現理想的一套方法，以及基于根本原則下延伸的管理原則。綜上所述，這些原則幫助我系統地描繪出追求真理和卓越的藍圖，收獲隨之而來的回報。我寫下這些原則供人們參考，原本是想為了幫助橋水聯合基金和我最關心的人們。
Until recently, I didn’t write out these principles because I felt that it was presumptuous for me to tell others what would work best for them. But over time, I saw the people who I cared about most struggling with problems and wanted to help them; I also found that their problems were almost always the result of violating one or more of these principles, and that their problems could be solved by applying these principles. So I began writing down the types of problems and the broken principles that caused them. When I began, I didn’t know how many principles I would end up with but, through this process, I discovered that about 200 principles pretty much cover all the problems.I’m sure that I will come up with more as I learn more.
一直以來，我都沒有寫下這些原則，因為我覺得告訴別人怎樣最好的工作是有點自以為是的。但我老是發現我最關心的那群人日夜與一些棘手的問題做斗爭，我想幫助他們。我也發現，他們的問題幾乎都是因為或多或少地違背了我想寫的這些原則。只要遵循這些原則，問題就能迎刃而解。于是我開始記錄他們遇到的問題，寫下這些問題背后違背的原則。當初開始寫的時候，并不知道我會寫多少條，但在這個過程中我發現大概200條原則就足以解決所有的問題了。當然，以后我學的越多，也會發現更多新的原則涌現。
> Since I learned these principles by encountering reality and reflecting on my encounters, and I am still doing these things, I expect there are more principles to come. So I am still creating this document by throwing various thoughts down when they occur to me, trying to put them in some sensible order and trying to smooth over the bumps. Organizing these principles into a sensible order is a challenge since they relate to each other more like a matrix than as a sequence. To help guide you, I’ve tried to organize them around large themes like building a great culture, managing people well, and creative problem-solving. I will continue these things, so this is an evolving document.
> 我自己是通過遭遇現實，進行反思，才學到這些原則的。如今我仍在這樣做，也期待總結出更多新的原則。創建原則總結時，我思緒活躍，試圖以合理的順序對原則進行總結，但這些原則之間的關系就像是矩陣一樣，沒有明顯的次序。為了更好地向你提供指導，我嘗試以主題類別對這些原則進行歸類，包括創造良好的文化，管理好員工，創新問題、解決方案等。我會持續更新，所以這本書本身也是一份不斷發展完善的文件。
When I say that these are my principles, I don’t mean that in a possessive or egotistical way. I just mean that they are explanations of what I personally believe. I believe that the people I work with and care about must think for themselves. I set these principles out and explained the logic behind them so that we can together explore their merits and stress test them. While I am confident that these principles work well because I have thought hard about them, they have worked well for me for many years, and they have stood up to the scrutiny of the hundreds of smart, skeptical people, I also believe that nothing is certain. I believe that the best we can hope for is highly probable. By putting them out there and stress testing them, the probabilities of their being right will increase.
我說這些原則是我的原則，并不是狂妄自大或據為己有，這些只是我個人信奉的理論而已。我希望我的合作伙伴和我關心的人都能自己獨立思考。我列出這些原則，解釋了背后的邏輯，我們一同探討這些原則的優點，也要繼續檢驗這些原則。我對這些原則頗具信心，這些都是我冥思苦想得來的，多年來在我身上證明是行之有效的，歷經數百位聰慧人士的質疑，它們都通過了考驗。我也相信世事無絕對，我想夢想是可以實現的，只要把這些原則列出來并予以考驗，成功的幾率就會增加。
I also believe that those principles that are most valuable to each of us come from our own encounters with reality and our reflections on these encounters – not from being taught and simply accepting someone else’s principles. So, I put these out there for you to reflect on when you are encountering your realities, and not for you to blindly follow. What I hope for most is that you and others will carefully consider them and try operating by them as part of your process for discovering what works best for you. Through this exploration, and with their increased usage, not only will they be understood, but they will evolve from “Ray’s principles” to “our principles,” and Ray will fade out of the picture in much the same way as memories of one’s ski or tennis instructor fade and people only pay attention to what works.So, when digesting each principle, please…
同時，我認為最有價值的原則都不是教出來的或簡單接受他人的原則，而是通過有自己的現實經歷與反思得出來的。書中列出這些原則，是供你參照反思自己的經歷，而不是要你盲目遵循我列的這些原則。我最希望看到你能仔細思忖本書之后內容中詳述的各種原則，嘗試使用這些原則，摸索出最適合自己的原則。在探尋和不斷使用中，不僅理解這些原則，而是有一天，“雷的原則（譯者注：作者的名字是雷.達里奧）”悄然逝去，而屬于你自己的“我的原則”會躍然紙上。這就像人們學會滑雪或網球后，教練的影子也會逐漸淡去，我們只會記得那些行之有效的東西。
> just what I believe, others will certainly have their own principles, and possibly even their own principles documents, and future managers of Bridgewater will work in their own ways to determine what principles Bridgewater will operate by. At most, this will remain as one reference of principles for people to consider when they are deciding what’s important and how to behave.
> 本書主要闡述的是我信奉的原則，別人也有他們信奉的原則，他們很可能也有寫自己原則的匯總文件。橋水聯合基金公司未來的管理者會以他們自己的方式工作，決定公司遵循什么原則。至多，當人們面臨重要決定，不知如何入手時，本書能在原則方面提供一些參考。
那么在消化每條原則時，請做到以下這條：
#### …ask yourself: “Is it true?”
問自己：“這是對的么？”
Before I discuss the management principles themselves, it’s important for me to articulate my own most fundamental life principles because my management principles are an extension of them.
在探討管理原則之前，我必須要詳述我生活中的根本原則，因為管理原則也只是它們的延伸擴展。
In Part 1, I explain what I mean by principles, why I believe they are important, and how they are essential for getting what you want out of life.
第一章會解釋我說的原則是指什么，為什么我認為原則很重要，以及它們在實現人生理想中所起的關鍵作用。
Part 2 explains my most fundamental life principles. I describe what I believe are the best ways of interacting with reality to learn what it’s like, and how to most effectively deal with it to get what you want. I also discuss what I believe are the most common traps that people fall into that prevent them from getting what they want, and how people’s lives can be radically better by avoiding them. I wrote this so you can better understand why my other principles are what they are, though you don’t need to read this part to understand the others.
第二章我會闡述我生活中最根本的原則。我會描述同生活現實打交道和了解事實真相最有用的原則，還會談談如何最有效地運用這些原則實現人生理想。本章還會探討阻礙理想實現的最常見的一些陷阱，避免這些陷從根本上改變人生。閱讀此部分你能更好地理解我論述的其他原則，不過跳過此部分也不影響其他內容的理解。
Part 3 is about my management principles. As I have run Bridgewater for more than 35 years, it explains Bridgewater’s approach up till now. It begins at the big-picture, conceptual level, with an explanation of why I believe that any company’s results are primarily determined by its people and its culture. It then drills down into what I believe are the important principles behind creating a great culture, hiring the right people, managing them to achieve excellence, solving problems systematically and making good decisions.
第三章講的是我的管理原則。我管理橋水聯合基金公司已經超過35年了，這些管理原則至今都在使用。本章開始會籠統地闡釋，之后會從概念層面解釋為什么任何公司的成功都主要歸功于員工和公司文化。隨后將深入探討一系列重要的原則，在這些原則的指導下，我才能創造出良好的公司文化，雇傭合適的員工，在管理中助他們實現業績，系統地解決問題，并作出正確的抉擇。
There are of course lots of other types of principles. For example, I hope to one day write about my investment principles. However, management principles are now what we need most, so here are the ones that I think make sense and have worked for me.
當然，存在很多其他類別的原則，比方說，我希望有一天我能寫下我的投資原則，不過管理原則是我們現在最急需的，所以我才寫了這些我認為最有意義的，對我最有用的原則。
