# 實現夢想的五大步驟 ### My 5-Step Process to Getting What You Want Out of Life 實現夢想的五大步驟 The you I am referring to here is the strategic you – the one who is deciding on what you want and how best to get it, previously referred to as you (1). 這里的你（1號）是指制定戰略的你，所做的主要是決定目標和最佳獲得方式。 There are five things that you have to do to get what you want out of life. First, you have to **choose your goals**, which will determine your direction. Then you have to **design a plan** to achieve your goals. On the way to your goals, you will **encounter problems** As I mentioned, these problems typically cause pain. The most common source of pain is in exploring your mistakes and weaknesses. You will either react badly to the pain or react like a master problem solver. That is your choice. To figure out how to get around these problems you must be calm and analytical to accurately **diagnose your problems**. Only after you have an accurate diagnosis of them can you **design a plan that will get you around your problems**. Then you have to do the **tasks** specified in the plan. Through this process of encountering problems and figuring out how to get around them, you will become progressively more capable and achieve your goals more easily. Then you will set bigger, more challenging goals, in the same way that someone who works with weights naturally increases the poundage. This is the process of personal evolution, which I call my 5-Step Process. 要實現夢想，得做五件事，首先，**選擇你的目標**，這會為你指明方向。然后你需要**設計一個方案**來實現你的目標。這個過程中，你會**遇到問題**，正如我說過的，這些問題一般都會帶來痛苦。痛苦最普遍的是來源于自己犯的錯和缺點。面對問題，你將要么對著痛苦怨聲載道，要么像大師級的問題解決能手一樣從容應對，這是你自己的選擇。要解決這些問題，必須冷靜，精準分析，診斷問題。只有精準**診斷問題**后，才能**設計解決問題的方案**。接下來，你要完成方案里設置的具體**任務**。通過遇到問題，尋找解決方案，你會變得更積極，更有能力，更易實現夢想，進而就能設置更宏偉，更具挑戰性的目標了，就像練啞鈴的人也會不斷增加啞鈴的重量一樣。這就是個人成長過程，我稱之為五大步驟。 In other words, “The Process” consists of five distinct steps: 也即，該方法包括五大具體步驟： * **Have clear _goal_.** **目標清晰。** * **Identify and don’t tolerate the _problems_ that stand in the way of achieving your goals.** ** 發現 _問題_ ，對阻礙目標實現的問題零容忍。** * **Accurately _diagnose_ these problems.**** 精準 _診斷_ 這些問題。** * ** _Design_ plans that explicitly lay out tasks that will get you around your problems and on to your goals.** **_設計_ 方案，清晰列出待解決的問題，實現目標的各項具體任務。** * ** _mplement_ these plans—i.e., _do_ these tasks.** **落實方案，也就是_完成_具體任務。** ** You need to do all of these steps well in order to be successful.** **這些步驟完成好了才會走向成功。** ** Before discussing these individual steps in more detail, I want to make a few general points about the process.** **開始分述每個步驟前，我想先簡單談談整個過程。** 1\. **You must approach these as distinct steps rather than blur them together.** For example,when setting goals, just set goals (don’t think how you will achieve them or the other steps); when diagnosing problems, just diagnose problems (don’t think about how you will solve them or the other steps). Blurring the steps leads to suboptimal outcomes because it creates confusion and short-changes the individual steps. Doing each step thoroughly will provide information that will help you do the other steps well,**since the process is iterative.** **每個步驟要界限分明，獨立操作，不可交叉重疊，混為一談。** 例如，設置目標時就只想著設置目標，不要想你怎么實現或想別的步驟；診斷問題時就僅僅診斷問題，不要想怎么解決或想別的步驟。目標間相互混雜會導致不盡人意的結果，因為這樣會令人產生困惑，給每個步驟帶來臨時的變數。完整地完成每個步驟，有助于更好地完成其他步驟，**因為整個過程可以循環往復。** 2\. **Each of these five steps requires different talents and disciplines.** Most probably, you havelots of some of these and inadequate amounts of others. If you are missing any of the required talents and disciplines, that is not an insurmountable problem because you can acquire them, supplement them, or compensate for not having them, if you recognize your weaknesses anddesign around them. So you must be honestly self-reflective. **每個步驟都需要具備不同的能力，了解不同學科的知識。**很可能你這方面懂很多，那方面懂一點，有些方面則沒什么了解，如果你在完成步驟所需的資質或學科知識上不夠完備，也不是什么不可逾越的大問題，因為不會的可以學，可以補充，不知道的地方也有抵消的辦法，只要你認識到自己的缺點，并設計出解決方案，這就不是難事兒。所以請做一名誠實的自省者。 3\. **It is essential to approach this process in a very clear-headed, rational way rather than emotionally.** Figure out what techniques work best for you; e.g., if emotions are getting the betterof you, take time out until you can reflect unemotionally, seek the guidance of calm, thoughtful others, etc. **操作這個過程，需要頭腦清醒理智，而非感情用事。**指出哪些技巧最適合你，若個人情感在左右你的選擇，就先跳出來冷靜下直到可以理性反思，向處事冷靜且考慮周全之人尋求指導。 To help you do these things well—and stay centered and effective rather than stressed and thrown off by your emotions—try this technique for reducing the pressure: **treat your life like a game** or a martial art. Your mission is to figure out how to get around your challenges to get to your goals. In the process of playing the game or practicing this martial art, you will become more skilled. As you get better, you will progress to ever- higher levels of the game that will require—and teach you—greater skills. I will explain what these skills are in the next section. However, **the big and really great news is that you don’t needto have all of these skills to succeed!** You just have to 1) know they are needed; 2) know you don’thave some of them; and 3) figure out how to get them (i.e., either learn them or work with others who have them). 為了幫你擺脫壓力和情緒化的影響，進而聚精會神、高效順利地完成這些步驟，試試這個減壓技巧：把你的生活當作一場游戲或武術。你的使命是找出應對挑戰的辦法，實現目標。在玩游戲或練武術的過程中，技藝日益嫻熟，變得強大，升級到需要新技能的關卡，新的關卡也會教會你新的技能。我會在下一部分詳述這些技能是指什么。不過，**最鼓舞人心的消息是，你實現成功并不需要具備所有的這些技能！**你只需要：1）知道你需要這些技能；2）知道你沒必要掌握全部技能；3）指出如何獲得這些技能，通過學習或跟已掌握這些技能的人一起工作。 This particular game—i.e., your life—will challenge you in ways that will be uncomfortable at times. But if you work through this discomfort and reflect on it in order to learn, you will significantly improve your chances of getting what you want out of life. **By and large, life will give you what you deserve and itdoesn’t give a damn what you “like.” So it is up to you to take full responsibility to connect what you want with what you need to do to get it, and then to do those things—which often are difficult but produce good results—so that you’ll then deserve to get what you want.** 這個特別的游戲，也就是你的人生，會時而出現令你不悅的挑戰。但如果你克服了這種不悅，反思學習，就能大幅度提升實現夢想的幾率。**總體來說，生活會給你應得的回報，生活不會譴責你的喜好，所以你要自己負起責任來，搭建起“自己想要什么”和“要得到想要的該如何做”之間的橋梁，然后腳踏實地干起來，做起來雖然不那么容易，但能收獲滿意的結果，實現你的夢想。** That’s just the way it is, so you might as well accept it. Once you accept that playing the game will be uncomfortable, and you do it for a while, it will become much easier (like it does when getting fit) . When you excel at it, you will find your ability to get what you want thrilling. You’ll see that excuses like “That’s not easy” are of no value and that it pays to “push through it” at a pace you can handle. Like getting physically fit, the most important thing is that you keep moving forward at whatever pace you choose, recognizing the consequences of your actions. When you think that it’s too hard, remember that in the long run, doing the things that will make you successful is a lot easier than being unsuccessful. The first-order consequences of escaping life’s challenges may seem pleasurable in the moment, but the second-and third-order consequences of this approach are your life and, over time, will be painful. With practice, you will eventually play this game like a ninja, with skill and a calm centeredness in the face of adversity that will let you handle most of your numerous challenges well. 游戲就是這么玩的，你最好還是接受這樣的設定。一旦你也確實覺得玩這場游戲會遭受一些不適，請堅持一段時間，一切會變得越來越容易，就像健身一樣。當你實現了超越，會為實現了夢想而興奮不已，像“這可不容易”之類的借口就會變得毫無價值，按自己能掌控的節奏“突破自己”就會帶來回報。跟健身一樣，最重要的是，無論你選擇了什么速度，都要堅持前行，才能認識到這樣做的結果。當你覺得這太困難時，請記住，從長遠來看，做能讓自己成功的事，比失敗容易得多。逃避人生中挑戰的一級效應在那一刻看起來是令人愉悅的，但其帶來的二、三級效應，隨時間積淀，才真的會帶來痛苦的人生。通過不斷練習，最終你能跟忍者一樣技藝嫻熟，面對逆境能做到冷靜專注，從容應對各種挑戰。 However, you will never handle them all well: mistakes are inevitable, and it’s important to recognize and accept this fact of life. The good news, as I have mentioned, is that most learning comes through making mistakes—so there is no end to learning how to play the game better. You will have an enormous number of decisions to make, so no matter how many mistakes you make, there will be plenty of opportunities to build a track record of success. 誠然，你沒有辦法做得面面俱到：犯錯難以避免，重要的是認識并接受這個人生事實。但利好的一面我也提到過，大多數的學習都是通過犯錯得來的，所以人生這場游戲怎么玩得更好，其中的學問是無止境的。你得做大量決定，所以無論犯多少錯誤，都會有大量機會構建成功。 That’s basically the whole concept. 上述是整體概念。 Let’s pause and reflect on this before moving on. 我們暫且停頓一下，繼續展開前先反思一下。 * **Does what I am saying make sense to you? 我所說的你都理解了么？** * **Do you agree that it is true?** **你認為我所說的是對的嗎** * **If not, why not?** **如果你不同意，為什么？** If you can’t work through your doubts alone, speak to me or to others about it, but PLEASE do not proceed until you agree with the basic logic behind the 5-Step Process. Either you will get comfortable with it and internalize it or you will point out something that is wrong and the process will get better. 若心存質疑，自己沒法解答，可以告訴我或跟別人說說，但在認同五大步驟背后的基本邏輯前，請勿進行下一步。要么你會適應并消化這套基本邏輯，要么你也可以指出哪里有問題，幫助我們把這個過程做得更好。 What follows now is a closer examination of each of the five steps. 下面是對這五個步驟更進一步的探討。 ### The 5 Steps Close-U 五大步驟的特寫詳述 #### 1) Setting Goals 1）設定目標 **You can have virtually anything you want, but you can’t have everything you want.** **事實上，你想要什么都行，但你無法擁有一切。** The first, most important, and typically most difficult step in the 5-Step Process is setting goals, because it forces you to decide what you really want and therefore what you can possibly get out of life. This is the step where you face the fundamental limit: life is like a giant smorgasbord of more delicious alternatives than you can ever hope to taste. So you have to reject having some things you want in order to get other things you want more. 五大步驟中，通常最重要又最困難的就是設定目標了，因為這是在逼你決定什么是你真正想要的以及可能獲得的現實結果。這一步會面臨最根本的局限：生活如同一盤大雜燴，美味佳肴種類繁多、應接不暇。所以你得學會舍棄一些想要的東西，才能獲得你更想要的東西。 Some people fail at this point, afraid to reject a good alternative for fear that the loss will deprive them of some essential ingredient to their personal happiness. As a result, they pursue too many goals at the same time, achieving few or none of them. 有人會在這點上失敗，不敢舍棄看起來不錯的選擇，害怕一旦失去，個人幸福感中某些重要組成元素就被剝奪了。所以這些人同時設置很多目標，但鮮有真正實現的。 So it’s important to remember: it doesn’t really matter if some things are unavailable to you, because the selection of what IS available is so great. (That is why many people who had major losses—e.g., who lost their ability to walk, to see, etc.—and who didn’t narrow-mindedly obsess about their loss but rather open-mindedly accepted and enjoyed what remained, had equally happy lives as those who didn’t ever have these losses.) 所以得記住，無法擁有某些東西并不要緊，因為在可以擁有的東西中進行挑選是很棒的事情。有人先天殘疾，比如無法行走，看不見東西，但能和身體健全的人一樣幸福，因為他們不狹隘地沉浸在失去的情緒中，而是大方接受并享受自己依然擁有的東西。 In other words, you can have an enormous amount: much, much more than what you need to have for a happy life. So don’t get discouraged by not being able to have everything you want, and for God’s sake, don’t be paralyzed by the choices. That’s nonsensical and unproductive. Get on with making your choices. 換句話說，你可以擁有很多東西，遠多于你生活幸福所需，所以無法擁有一切也不要沮喪，也千萬別被各種選擇打垮，這樣既沒意義又無效，要習慣做選擇。 Put another way, **to achieve your goals you have to prioritize, and that includes rejecting good alternatives** (so that you have the time and resources to pursue even better ones—time being probablyyour greatest limiting factor, though, through leverage, you can substantially reduce time’s constraints). 換個說法，**要實現目標就要有優先次序，包括舍棄看起來還不錯的選項**。這樣你就有時間和資源追尋更好的選項，時間可能是限制你最多的因素，最大程度利用好時間，就能極大減少時間帶來的約束。 It is important not to confuse “goals” and “desires.” 不要混淆“目標”和“欲望”，這很重要。 Goals are the things that you really want to achieve, while desires are things you want that can prevent you from reaching your goals—as I previously explained, desires are typically first-order consequences. For example, a goal might be physical fitness, while a desire is the urge to eat good-tasting, unhealthy food (i.e., a first-order consequence) that could undermine you obtaining your fitness goal. So, in terms of the consequences they produce, goals are good and desires are bad. 目標是你真的想實現的東西，而欲望是你想要但會阻礙你實現目標的東西。我之前解釋過，欲望一般是一級效應。例如，假設目標是身體健康，欲望就是吃可口但不健康的食物，這個是一級效應。這種結果不利于你實現健康這一目標。所以單從結果來看，目標是好的，欲望是不好的。 > Some societies define evil to be the desires that can take you away from your goals, which I think is a good way of seeing the difference between goals and desires. That doesn’t mean I think that there isn’t room for a little “bad”, but I do think that desires that fundamentally divert you from your goals should be avoided at all cost. > > 有社會學家把導致自己遠離目標的欲望稱為邪惡，我認為這是用來區分目標與欲望很好的思路。這并不是說我不允許大家“不以惡小而為之”，但我真的認為，要想讓自己遠離目標的欲望應不惜一切代價將其鏟除干凈。 Don’t get me wrong; I believe you can choose to pursue any goal you want as long as you consider the consequences. So, staying with this example, I think it is perfectly OK for you to make your goal to enjoy eating good-tasting, unhealthy food if that choice will bring you what you really want. As I said earlier, if you want to be a couch potato, that’s fine with me—seriously. But if that’s not what you want, you better not open that bag of chips. In other words, failing to make the distinction between goals and desires will lead you in the wrong direction, because you will be inclined to pursue things you want that will undermine your ability to get things you want more. In short, you can pursue anything you desire—just make sure that you know the consequences of what you are doing. 別誤解了我的意思，只要考慮了后果，我認為你完全可以去追尋任何你想要的目標。還是拿健身舉例，如果你要把盡享可口不健康的食物作為目標，這是完全沒問題的，只要能帶來你想要的結果就行。我說過，你想做成天宅在家里看電視吃薯片無所事事的人，這對于我來說真的完全沒問題。但如果這不是你想要的生活，最好就別撕開薯片包裝袋了，換句話說，不能清晰辨別目標與欲望，將于事無補。因為你會傾向于追求你渴望的事情，而這件事情會影響你收獲更多的能力。簡而言之，你想追求什么都行，只要你確信自己知道這樣做的后果就行。 > Another common reason people fail at this stage is that they lose sight of their goals, getting caught up in day-to-day tasks. > > 導致你在這個階段失敗的另一個普遍原因是你忽視了自己的目標，陷入到一復一日的工作任務中去了。 **Avoid setting goals based on what you think you can achieve.** **避免基于自己主觀意愿設定目標。** As I said before, do each step separately and distinctly without regard to the others. In this case, that means don’t rule out a goal due to a superficial assessment of its attainability. Once you commit to a goal, it might take lots of thinking and many revisions to your plan over a considerable time period in order to finalize the design and do the tasks to achieve it. So you need to set goals without yet assessing whether or not you can achieve them. 我提到過，每一步都要單獨操作，絕不相互影響。這種情況下，也就是說目標不能僅根據表面上的可實現度而進行設定。一旦開始投身到實現目標的過程中，會需要大量的思考、反思，耗費大量的時間來最終確定實現目標的方案和具體任務。所以設定目標時，不要一開始就下結論說能不能實現。 This requires some faith that you really can achieve virtually anything, even if you don’t know how you will do it at that moment. Initially you have to have faith that this is true, but after following this process and succeeding at achieving your goals, you will gain confidence. If you like, you can start with more modest goals and, when you build up the track record to give you faith, increase your aspirations. 這需要你堅信沒什么是辦不到的。即使當下不知道怎么操作也不要緊。只要剛開始堅定這個信念，按這個過程依次推進，實現目標后，就會獲得真正的信心。如果你愿意，剛開始可以設定一些簡單普通的目標，小有成就后就能增強信念，個人志向也開始日趨宏大起來。 > This might sound inconsistent with the previous point that you can’t have everything. It’s not. I am saying that, at this stage of goal-setting, don’t set your goals based on what you think you can achieve. In the process of doing the other four steps (especially designing) you will thoroughly think through what is possible. Then you will circle back and enter the goal-setting mode again. As I mentioned, this five-step process is iterative, but it must be pursued one step at a time in order to do each step excellently. > > 這里似乎和我之前提到的“你不能擁有一切”的觀點有點矛盾，其實不是。在目標設置階段，不要根據主觀認為能實現什么而設定目標。在進行另外四個步驟，特別是方案設計時，你將會仔細思考可能的解決方案。那時又會返回到目標設定模式。我提過，這五大步驟是循環往復的，但每次必須認真完成一個步驟，才能為下一步順利完成打好基礎。 Every time I set goals, I don’t yet have any idea how I am going to achieve them because I haven’t yet gone through the process of thinking through them. But I have learned that I can achieve them if I think creatively and work hard. 每次我設定目標時都還不知道怎么去實現，因為這還沒進入到仔細思考的步驟，但我認為只要思維富有創造性，勤奮努力，就能實現我的目標。 > The more creative I am, the less hard I have to work. > > 我的創造力越強，我的工作就越輕松。 I also know that I can “cheat.” Unlike in school, in life you don’t have to come up with all the right answers. You can ask the people around you for help—or even ask them to do the things you don’t do well. 我還知道可以“作弊”。學校里事事都得有正確答案，而現實生活中，遇到問題你可以問身邊的人，甚至讓他們做你不擅長的事情。 In other words, there is almost no reason not to succeed if you take the attitude of 1) total flexibility—good answers can come from anyone or anywhere (and in fact, as I have mentioned, there are far more good answers “out there” than there are in you) and 2) total accountability: regardless of where the good answers come from, it’s your job to find them. 換句話說，采取以下的態度，沒有理由不成功。1）完全的靈活性-任何人在任何地方都能提供令人滿意的答案，事實上如我所說，我們自身能提供的答案是有限的，外在的人和環境能提供多得多的答案；2）要完全負責。不管合適的答案來自何處，找到它們是你的職責所在。 This no-excuses approach helps me do whatever it takes to get whatever I want most. Not all goals are achievable, of course. There are some impossibilities or near-impossibilities, such as living forever, or flying with just the power of your arms. But it’s been my experience that if I commit to bringing creativity, flexibility, and determination to the pursuit of my goals, I will figure out some way to get them, i.e., almost all goals are attainable. And as I don’t limit my goals to what seems attainable at the moment I set them, the goals I set tend to be higher than they would otherwise be. Since trying to achieve high goals makes me stronger, I become increasingly capable of achieving more. Great expectations create great capabilities, in other words. And if I fail to achieve my goal, it just tells me that I have not been creative or flexible or determined enough to do what it takes, and I circle back and figure out what I need to do about this situation. 這種不找借口的方法，助我盡全力實現最想達成的目標。當然，不是所有的目標都有可能實現。有些目標是不可能或幾乎不可能實現的，例如長生不死，張開雙臂飛翔等等。但根據我的經驗，只要在追尋目標時，投入創造力，靈活性和決心，總能找到辦法實現的。這么看來，幾乎所有的目標都是可以實現的。我設置目標時，也不只是看它當下是否可能實現，我設的目標都是立足長遠的。努力實現高難度目標，助我變得強大，能夠實現更多的新目標。對期望值設定越高，能力也會變得越強。如果沒能實現目標，我會對自己說，肯定我不夠創新，不夠靈活，毅力不夠，然后回過頭思考應該怎么解決。 **Achieving your goals isn’t just about moving forward.** **實現目標不僅僅只是前進** Inevitably, you must deal with setbacks. So goals aren’t just those things that you want and don’t have. They might also be keeping what you do have, minimizing your rate of loss, or dealing with irrevocable loss. Life will throw you challenges, some of which will seem devastating at the time. Your goal is always to make the best possible choices, knowing that you will be rewarded if you do. It’s like playing golf: sometimes you will be in the fairway and sometimes you will be in the rough, so you have to know how to play it as it lies. 挫折無法避免。目標是你想要但還沒實現的東西，目標也能讓你保留已有的東西，讓失去的機率最小化，應對不可挽回的損失。生活會向你拋來挑戰，有時是災難性的。你的目標基本上都是在尋找最優解，并明白實現就能獲得回報。跟打高爾夫球一樣，有時球在光滑的球道上，有時在粗糙的地面上，要根據具體情況才能知道怎么去玩。 Generally speaking, goal-setting is best done by those who are good at big-picture conceptual thinking, synthesizing, visualizing, and prioritizing. But whatever your strengths and weaknesses are, don’t forget the big and really great news here: it is not essential that you have all of these qualities yourself, because you can supplement them with the help of others. 總的來說，目標設置最好能夠由擅于在把握大局情況下進行概念思維、合成、形象化和優先排序的人來操作。不管你有什么優缺點，都別忘了最令人興奮的好消息，就是你不必具備所有的能力素質，因為你可以通過別人的幫助來進行補充。 In summary, in order to get what you want, the first step is to really know what you want, without confusing goals with desires, and without limiting yourself because of some imagined impediments that you haven’t thoroughly analyzed. 總的來說，要實現夢想，第一步是真的知道自己要什么，不混淆目標與欲望，不因缺乏全面分析的假想障礙而把自己限制住了。 * **How well do you know what you want most out of life?** **你有多了解自己想要什么？** * **What are your most important goals?** **你最重要的目標是什么？** * **Are you good at setting your goals?** **你擅于設定目標嗎?** How confident are you that your assessment of your ability to set goals is right? 對自己設定目標的能力進行評估，你有幾分自信？ If you are confident of your self-assessment, why should you be confident (e.g. because you have a demonstrated track-record, because many believable people have told you, etc)? 如果你對自我評估很有信心，請論述自信的原因。是因為有過往業績嗎，還是值得信賴之人告訴過你？ #### 2) Identifying and Not Tolerating Problems 2）發現問題，對問題零容忍 After you set your goals, you must come up with a plan or a design to achieve them and then you must execute that plan by doing the tasks. On the way to achieving your goals and executing your design, you will encounter problems that have to be diagnosed, so that the design can be modified to get around these obstacles. That’s why you need to identify and not tolerate problems. 設定目標后，你得設計出一套方案來實現目標，并且要實施方案里布置的各項任務。在實現目標、實施方案的過程中，你會碰到問題、診斷問題，進而完善設計方案以避免這些阻礙，所以要發現問題，并對問題零容忍。 **Most problems are potential improvements screaming at you.** **大多數問題都是蘊含著改善良機的。** Whenever a problem surfaces, you have in front of you an opportunity to improve.The more painful theproblem, the louder it is screaming. In order to be successful, you have to 1) perceive problems and 2) not tolerate them. 一旦有問題出現，擺在你面前的就是一個提升改善的良機。問題越棘手，帶來的反應越大，要想成功，你得 1）發現問題；2）對問題零容忍。 > Though I’ve said it before, it’s worth saying again: I understand that recognizing harsh realities can be extremely painful. But I’ve learned that if you can stare hard at your problems, they almost always shrink or disappear, because you almost always find a better way of dealing with them than if you don’t face them head on. The more difficult the problem, the more important it is that you stare at it and deal with it. After seeing how effectively facing reality – especially your problems, mistakes and weaknesses – works, you will become comfortable with it and won’t want to operate any other way. I also believe that one of the best ways of getting at truth is reflecting with others who have opposing views and who share your interest in finding the truth rather than being proven right. > > 雖然說過，但有必要再強調下：我明白，認識到殘酷的現實非常痛苦，但我也發現，只要緊盯你的問題，這些問題基本都會減少或消失，因為比起躲避這些問題，你經常就已經找到了更好的解決辦法了。問題越困難，越是需要對其緊抓不放。在面對現實情況時看到這種辦法的有效性，尤其是面對自己的問題，錯誤和缺點，終會從容應對，到時候都不會想用其他方法解決了。我也相信，獲得真相的最佳途徑是同他人一起反思，尤其是當對方與你的觀點相對立時，或與你一樣樂于自己去尋找真相而不是樂于坐等事實被別人證明。 If you don’t identify your problems, you won’t solve them, so you won’t move forward toward achieving your goals. As a result, it is essential to bring problems to the surface. 若不能發現問題，你就無法解決問題，也就不能前行實現目標。所以，讓問題顯現出來十分關鍵。 Most people don’t like to do this. But most successful people know that they have to do this. 大多數人不愛這么做，但大多數成功人士知道他們必須這樣做。 The most common reasons people don’t successfully identify their problems are generally rooted either in a lack of will or in a lack of talent or skill: 人們不能很好地發現自身問題，主要是源于缺少意愿、天賦或技能。 * They can be “harsh realities” that are unpleasant to look at, so people often subconsciously put them “out of sight” so they will be “out of mind.” 直面“殘酷的現實”令人不悅，人們會下意識忽略，不去想。 * Thinking about problems that are difficult to solve can produce anxiety that stands in the way of progress. 思考棘手的問題，可能產生焦慮，阻礙進步。 * People often worry more about appearing to not have problems than about achieving their desired results, and therefore avoid recognizing that their own mistakes and/or weaknesses are causing the problems. This aversion to seeing one’s own mistakes and weaknesses typically occurs because they’re viewed as deficiencies you’re stuck with rather than as essential parts of the personal evolution process. 人們常常更擔心表面上是否看起來有問題，而不擔心能否實現預期目標，因此就回避自身可能產生問題的錯誤或弱點。這種對自身錯誤的反感非常普遍，因為人們認為犯錯是一種缺陷，而沒有把犯錯當做個人進化過程中的重要一環。 * Sometimes people are simply not perceptive enough to see the problems. 有時人們僅僅是對問題缺乏洞察力罷了。 * Some people are unable to distinguish big problems from small ones. Since nothing is perfect, it is possible to identify an infinite number of problems everywhere. If you are unable to distinguish the big problems from the little ones, you can’t “successfully” (i.e., in a practical way) identify problems. 有人不會區分大問題和小問題。世上沒有完美的事情，所以每個地方都可能發現數不完的問題，要不能從這一堆問題中分辨出大問題，實際上是不能順利發現問題的。 Remember, you don’t have to be good at any of the five steps (in this case, identifying problems) to be successful if you get help from others. So push through the pain of facing your problems, knowingyou will end up in a much better place. 記住，五大步驟你不必樣樣精通（這里就是說發現問題的能力），因為能夠從別人那里獲得幫助。所以直面問題，經受住痛苦，相信自己的結果會比現在好很多。 **When identifying problems, it is important to remain centered and logical.** **發現問題時，保持聚精會神和邏輯思維。** While it can be tempting to react emotionally to problems and seek sympathy or blame others, this accomplishes nothing.Whatever the reasons, you have to get over the impediments to succeed. Remember that the pains you are feeling are “growing pains” that will test your character and reward you if you push through them. Try to look at your problems as a detached observer would. Remember thatidentifying problems is like finding gems embedded in puzzles; if you solve the puzzles you will get the gems that will make your life much better. Doing this continuously will lead to your rapidevolution. So, if you’re logical, you really should get excited about finding problems because identifying them will bring you closer to your goals. 面對問題時采取情緒化的做法，比如尋求同情或斥責他人，是毫無用處的。無論是什么原因，要想成功就要越過障礙。記住，你所體驗的痛苦是“成長的痛苦”，會鍛煉你的性格，經受住了考驗就能獲得回報。嘗試以一個置身事外的觀察者身份看待自己的問題。記住，發現問題就像是搜尋謎陣里鑲嵌的寶石，解開了謎陣，就能獲得寶石，讓人生變得更好。持續這樣做，會加速你的進化過程。如果你的邏輯思維很好，那你應該很樂于尋找問題，因為發現問題會讓你更接近目標。 > This is typically because they let their emotions control their behavior and/or they haven’t learned how to deal with their problems e.g., the amygdala is “hijacking” decision-making away from the pre-frontal cortex. > > 一般這樣是因為個人情緒控制了他們的行為，他們還沒學會如何解決問題，比如：大腦的杏仁體把決策行為從前額葉皮層那搶了過去 * **How good are you at perceiving problems? 你擅于察覺問題嗎？** * **How confident are you that your assessment of your ability to perceive problems is right?** **你對上述問題的自我評估有信心嗎？** * **If you are confident of your self-assessment, why should you be confident (e.g. because you have a demonstrated track-record, because many believable people have told you, etc)?** **如果你對自我評估很有信心，請論述自信的原因。（例如過去有過輝煌的記錄，或值得信賴之人告訴過你等等）？** * **Be very precise in specifying your problems.** **問題要精準且具體化。** It is essential to identify your problems with precision, for different problems have different solutions. For example, if your impediments are due largely to issues of will—to your unwillingness to confront what is really happening—you have to strengthen your will, for example by starting small and building up your confidence. 要精準地發現問題，這很關鍵，因為不同的問題有不同的解決辦法。例如，如果你的障礙主要是由于個人意愿，不愿意直面現實。那你需要增強意愿，從小事做起建立信心。 If your problems are related to lack of skill or innate talent, the most powerful antidote is to have others point things out to you and objectively consider whether what they identify is true. Problems due to inadequate skill might then be solved with training, whereas those arising from innate weaknesses might be overcome with assistance or role changes. It doesn’t matter which is the case; it only matters that the true cause is identified and appropriately addressed. 如果你的問題是缺少技能或天賦，克服問題的良方就是讓別人當你的面指出來，客觀思考他們說的是不是正確的。能力不足就加強訓練，天生的缺點可能需要幫助或角色改變才能克服。無論是什么情況，找到真正的原因并恰當化解才是最重要的。 > There are also other antidotes that we will delve into in the next book. > > 對此還有別的良方，下一本書里我再做探討。 The more precise you are, the easier it will be to come up with accurate diagnoses and successful solutions. For example, rather than saying something like “People don’t like me,” it is better to specify which people don’t like you and under what circumstances. 問題發現的越準確，越容易對問題進行診斷和提供有效的解決方案。例如，與其說“大家不喜歡我”，不如具體一點，說說誰不喜歡你，在什么情況下不喜歡你。 **Don’t confuse problems with causes.** **不要混淆問題和原因。** “I can’t get enough sleep” is not a problem; it is a cause of some problem. What exactly is that problem? To avoid confusing the problem with its causes, try to identify the suboptimal outcome, e.g., “I am performing badly in my job because I am tired.” “我睡眠不足”不是一個問題，這個是一些問題的原因。問題實際上是什么？要避免混淆問題與原因，嘗試看一下不滿意的結果，比如說：我工作表現不好是因為我太累了。 **Once you identify your problems, you must not tolerate them.** **一旦發現了自身的問題，必須采取零容忍的態度。** Tolerating problems has the same result as not identifying them (i.e., both stand in the way of getting past the problem), but the root causes are different. Tolerating problems might be due to not thinking that they can be solved, or not caring enough about solving them.People who tolerate problems are the worse off because, without the motivation to move on, they cannot succeed. In other words, if you are motivated, you can succeed even if you don’t have the abilities (i.e., talents and skills) because you can get the help from others. But if you’re not motivated to succeed, if you don’t have the will to succeed, the situation is hopeless. 容忍問題帶來的后果，和不發現它們一樣，都會阻礙問題的解決。但兩者的根本原因是不一樣的，容忍問題可能是認為這些問題無法解決，或者不在乎能否解決。容忍問題的存在更為糟糕，因為這是缺乏前進動力的表現，是不會成功的。換句話說，只要你有成功的積極性，就算沒有能力、天資、技能，你也能成功，因為你可以從別人那獲得幫助。但你要連想成功的積極性都沒有，就沒有成功的意愿，毫無成功希望。 > Not caring to solve problems often occurs when the expected reward is less than the expected cost. For example, when someone is working toward someone else’s goals without being appropriately supervised, rewarded or punished. > > 如果解決問題的回報低于解決成本，那么人們就可能不在乎是否能解決問題。例如，一個人為實現另一個人的目標而工作，但不受其監管獎懲。 * How much do you tolerate problems? 你容忍問題的程度怎樣？ * How confident are you that your assessment of how much you tolerate problems is right? 你對上述問題的自我評估有幾分信心？ If you are confident of your self-assessment, why should you be confident (e.g. because you have a demonstrated track-record, because many believable people have told you, etc)? 如果你對自我評估很有信心，請論述自信的原因。是因為你有過往業績，或值得信賴之人這樣評價過你？ People who are good at this step—identifying and not tolerating problems—tend to have strong abilities to perceive and synthesize a clear and accurate picture, as well as demonstrate a fierce intolerance of badness (regardless of the severity). 擅于發現問題并對問題零容忍的人，對問題的洞察力和綜合能力很強，擅于構思清晰準確的方案，也說明他們不能忍受任何不良情況（不管多嚴重)。 Remember that you need to do each step independently from the other steps before moving on. 記住，每一步都要單獨完成后再進入其他步驟。 Can you comfortably identify your problems without thinking about how to solve them? It is a good exercise to just make a list of them, without possible solutions. Only after you have created a clear picture of your problems should you go to the next step. 你能在不思考怎么解決的情況下輕松地發現你的問題嗎？列個清單，不寫解決方案，這是個不錯的練習方式。當你對自己的問題有了清晰的認識后，再進入到下一個步驟。 For a more detailed explanation of identifying and not tolerating problems, please read My Management Principles. 想要了解更多關于發現問題與對問題零容忍的內容，可以閱讀第三章，我的管理原則。 #### 3) Diagnosing the Problems 3）診斷問題 **You will be much more effective if you focus on diagnosis and design rather than jumping to solutions.** **比起直接跳到解決方案，關注問題的診斷與解決方案的設計會有效得多。** It is a very common mistake for people to move directly from identifying a tough problem to a proposed solution in a nanosecond without spending the hours required to properly diagnose and design a solution. This typically yields bad decisions that don’t alleviate the problem. Diagnosing and designing are what spark strategic thinking. 人們常犯的一個錯誤就是，發現了難題就不假思索跳到解決方案了，而沒有多花點時間對問題進行適當的診斷并設計解決方案。這樣通常會產生不明智的決策，解決不了問題。診斷問題與方案設計才是具有戰略性思維的源泉。 **You must be calm and logical.** **一定要冷靜，保持清晰的邏輯。** Root causes, like principles, are things that manifest themselves over and over again as the deep- seated reasons behind the actions that cause problems. So you will get many everlasting dividends if you can find them and properly deal with them. 同原則一樣，問題的根本原因是導致問題產生背后反復出現的深層因素。若能找到根本原因并能妥善解決，你就會得到源源不斷的回報。 It is important to distinguish root causes from proximate causes. Proximate causes typically are the actions or lack of actions that lead to problems—e.g., “I missed the train because I didn’t check the train schedule.” So proximate causes are typically described via verbs. Root causes are the deeper reasons behind the proximate cause: “I didn’t check the schedule because I am forgetful”—a root cause. Root causes are typically described with adjectives, usually characteristics about what the person is like that lead them to an action or an inaction. 區分“根本原因”和“直接原因”很重要。直接原因是導致問題產生的行為或行為缺失。例如：我錯過了火車是因為我沒查看列車時刻表。直接原因一般是由動詞描述的；根本原因是直接原因背后的深層次原因。比如，我沒查看列車時刻表是因為我健忘。這才是根本原因。根本原因一般是由形容詞描述的，通常是描述一個人行動或不行動的性格特點。 Identifying the real root causes of your problems is essential because you can eliminate your problems only by removing their root causes. In other words, you must understand, accept, and successfully deal with reality in order to move toward your goals. 發現問題的根本原因非常重要，解決根本原因才能進而消除問題，換句話說，必只有理解、接受并順利解決這些現實問題，才能繼續朝目標前行。 **Recognizing and learning from one’s mistakes and the mistakes of others who affect outcomes is critical to eliminating problems.** **要認識到，從自己的錯誤中吸取教訓，以及從對結果有影響的人的錯誤中吸取教訓，都對消除問題十分關鍵。** Many problems are caused by people’s mistakes. But people often find it difficult to identify and accept their own mistakes. Sometimes it’s because they’re blind to them, but more often it’s because ego and shortsightedness make discovering their mistakes and weaknesses painful. Because people are often upset when their mistakes are pointed out to them, most people are reluctant to point out mistakes in others. As a result, an objective diagnosis of problems arising from people’s mistakes is often missing and personal evolution is stunted. (As I mentioned in the last chapter, most learning comes from making mistakes and experiencing the pain of them—e.g., putting your hand on a hot stove—and adapting.) It is at this stage that most people fail to progress. **More than anything else, what differentiates peoplewho live up to their potential from those who don’t is a willingness to look at themselves and others objectively.** 很多問題源于人們犯錯，但人們經常很難發現并接受自己的錯誤，有時是因為他們對之視而不見，但更多時候是因為自負和缺乏遠見致使發現錯誤與缺點會令人感到痛苦。因為被當面指出錯誤，大家往往會不悅，大多數人也不愿意當著別人的面指出對方的錯誤。從而常常錯失對錯誤中出現的問題的客觀診斷，個人進化受阻。我上一章說過，大多數學習源自犯錯與經歷痛苦，例如，把你的手放火爐上烤，最后就形成對環境的適應。這個步驟是大多數人前功盡棄的地方。**能開發自己潛能的人與別人的不同就在于能否客觀看待自己和他人。** I call the pain that comes from looking at yourself and others objectively “growing pains,” because it is the pain that accompanies personal growth. No pain, no gain. Of course, anyone who really understands that no one is perfect and that these discoveries are essential for personal growth finds that these discoveries elicit “growing pleasures.” But it seems to be in our nature to overly focus on short-term gratification rather than long-term satisfaction—on first-order rather than second- or third-order consequences—so the connection between this behavior and the rewards it brings doesn’t come naturally. However, if you can make this connection, such moments will begin to elicit pleasure rather than pain. It is similar to how exercise eventually becomes pleasurable for people who hardwire the connection between exercise and its benefits. 客觀審視自己或他人帶來的痛苦我稱為“成長的痛苦”，因為這種痛苦是伴隨個人成長的。一分耕耘一分收獲。當有人真正理解世上無完人，對錯誤的發現對個人成長是至關重要的，就會明白這些發現帶來的“成長的喜悅”。我們的天性使然，似乎更過于關注短期滿意度，而不關注長期滿意度，更關注一級效應，而不考慮二、三級效應。所以行為與回報之間的聯系顯得不那么自然，其實只要你建立這種關聯，就能引出愉悅而非痛苦，這好比健身者將運動和健身益處直接關聯，鍛煉最終變成一件樂事。 Remember that: 記住： ### Pain + Reflection = Progress 痛苦+反思=進步 Much as you might wish this were not so, this is a reality that you should just accept and deal with. There is no getting around the fact that achieving success requires getting at the root causes of all important problems, and people’s mistakes and weaknesses are sometimes the root causes. **So to be successful,you must be willing to look at your own behavior and the behavior of others as possible causes of problems.** 盡管這可能與你期望的不一樣，但這就是你必須接受和應對的現實。無法回避的現實是，想成功，就要找出所有主要問題的根本原因，人們犯的錯和缺點有時就是根本原因。**所以要想成功，一定要愿意觀察自身和他人的行為，這些可能是產生問題的原因。** Of course, some problems aren’t caused by people making mistakes. For example, if lightning strikes, it causes problems that have nothing to do with human error. All problems need to be well-diagnosed before you decide what to do about them. 當然，有些問題不是因為人們犯錯導致的，例如閃電產生的問題和人為過錯無關，所有問題需仔細診斷后再決定如何應對。 **The most important qualities for successfully diagnosing problems are logic, the ability to see multiple possibilities, and the willingness to touch people’s nerves to overcome the ego barriers that stand in the way of truth.** **成功診斷問題所需的主要特質包括：邏輯、發現多重可能性的能力、愿意幫助他人克服追尋真理時的自我設障情緒。** For a more detailed explanation of diagnosing problems, please read My Management Principles. 想要了解更多關于診斷問題的內容，可以閱讀第三章，我的管理原則。 * **In diagnosing problems, how willing are you to “touch the nerve” (i.e., discuss your and others possible mistakes and weaknesses with them)?** **診斷問題時，你敢不敢觸碰敏感問題？（和他們討論自己或他人可能的錯誤和缺點）** * **Are you willing to get at root causes, like what people are like?** **你愿意探尋根本原因嗎？比如去了解人們的真實情況？** * **Are you good at seeing the patterns and synthesizing them into diagnoses of root causes?** **你善于扮演觀察者的角色，并融入到根本原因的診斷中去嗎?** #### 4) Designing the Plan (Determining the Solutions) 4）設計方案（決定解決方案） In some cases, you might go from setting goals to designing the plans that will get you to these goals; while in other cases, you will encounter problems on the way to your goals and have to design your way around them. So design will occur at both stages of the process, though it will occur much more often in figuring out how to get around problems. In other words, most of the movement toward your goals comes from designing how to remove the root causes of your problems. Problems are great because they are very specific impediments, so you know that you will move forward if you can identify and eliminate theirroot causes. 某些情況下，你從目標設定、設計解決方案到一步步走向目標，但有時你在通往目標的途中遇到了問題，不得不想辦法解決。無論是哪種，都需要方案設計環節，更多時候是需要指出如何解決問題。換句話說，通往目標的路上，我們做的無非是按照設計，消除產生問題的根本原因。問題是很棒的東西，因為問題是非常具體的障礙物。一旦發現問題并解決了，就能朝前邁進。 **Creating a design is like writing a movie script in that you visualize who will do what through time in order to achieve the goal.** **方案設計和寫電影劇本一樣，形象化地描述在規定時間內為實現目標需要做哪些事。** Visualize the goal or problem standing in your way, and then visualize practical solutions. When designing solutions, the objective is to change how you do things so that problems don’t recur—or recur so often. Think about each problem individually, and as the product of root causes—like the outcomes produced by a machine. Then think about how the machine should be changed to produce good outcomes rather than bad ones. There are typically many paths toward achieving your goals, and you need to find only one of them that works, so it’s almost always doable. 把設定的目標或阻礙目標實現的問題都形象化，再提供形象的實際解決辦法。設計解決方案時，目的是改變你做事的方式，防止錯誤反復出現。獨立地思考每個問題，把問題視為某個根本原因的產出物，就像一臺“機器”帶來的結果一樣。然后再想想怎樣改進機器，使之生產合格的產品。實現目標的路徑很多，找出一條行得通，可操作的就好。 But an effective design requires thinking things through and visualizing how things will come together and unfold over time. It’s essential to visualize the story of where you have been (or what you have done) that has led you to where you are now and what will happen sequentially in the future to lead you to your goals. You should visualize this plan through time, like watching a movie that connects your past, present, and future. 有效的方案設計需要把問題想透，能形象化描述事情的來源起因和未來發展方向。關鍵是要能跟講故事一樣，形象化地描述整個過程，從你來自何處（或你做過什么），到你現在的情況，以及未來發展如何，一直到實現目標。整個方案要隨著時間軸日益具體形象化，就像看一部記錄了你過去，現在和未來的電影一樣。 Then write down the plan so you don’t lose sight of it, and include who needs to do what and when. The list of tasks falls out from this story (i.e., the plan), but they are not the same. The story, or plan, is what connects your goals to the tasks. For you to succeed, you must not lose sight of the goals or the story while focusing on the tasks; you must constantly refer back and forth. In My Management Principles (Part 3), you can see one such plan. 然后把設計方案寫下來，保證自己能隨時看到。方案設計包括誰要在什么時候做什么。具體任務清單是根據設計方案設置的，但任務和方案又不盡相同，方案設計將你的目標同具體任務關聯起來。想要成功，在關注具體任務的同時 ，就一定不能忽視目標或方案。要記得不斷反復前后查看。在第三章我的管理原則中，你會看到這樣一個方案。 When designing your plan, think about the timelines of various interconnected tasks. Sketch them out loosely and then refine them with the specific tasks. This is an iterative process, alternating between sketching out your broad steps (e.g., hire great people) and filling these in with more specific tasks with estimated timelines (e.g., in the next two weeks choose the headhunters to find the great people) that will have implications (e.g., costs, time, etc.). These will lead you to modify your design sketch until the design and tasks work well together. Being as specific as possible (e.g., specifying who will do what and when) allows you to visualize how the design will work at both a big-picture level and in detail. It will also give you and others the to-do lists and target dates that will help direct you. 設計方案時，按時間次序，思考各種相關聯的任務，在紙上粗略地寫個大概，再用具體任務補充完善。這是個反復的過程中，粗略描繪宏觀大方向（例如：聘請優秀的員工）和往框架內填充具體任務的過程中交替反復，這些具體的任務要估算大概時間（例如：未來兩周內選獵頭公司幫忙物色優秀人才），還要考慮因此帶來的影響（例如：成本，時間等）。通過不斷完善，設計方案草圖等具體任務也會相得益彰充實起來。盡可能做到具體（例如：明確誰在什么時候做什么），這樣你的設計方案從宏觀布局到細枝末節都會顯得十分形象化。方案里也會明確任務清單和任務完成時間，為工作指明方向。 Of course, not all plans will accomplish everything you want in the desired time frame. In such cases, it is essential that you look at what won’t be accomplished and ask yourself if the consequences are acceptable or unacceptable. This is where perspective is required, and discussing it with others can be critical. If the plan will not achieve what’s necessary in the required time, so that the consequences have an unacceptably high probability of preventing you from achieving your goal, you have to either think harder (probably with the advice of other believable people) to make the plan do what is required or reduce your goals. 在預期時間框架下，并不是所有的計劃都能完成，關鍵是關注無法完成的任務，問自己這個結果是否可以接受。這時就需要集思廣益了，同他人展開探討至關重要。如果無法在規定時間內完成必須完成的任務，后果極有可能阻礙你實現最終目標，這時就得絞盡腦汁想想（可能需要其他值得信賴之人的建議）怎么樣調整方案，使得任務能夠得以完成，或者你也可以降低目標難度。 People successful with this stage have an **ability to visualize** and a **practical understanding** of how things really work. Remember, you don’t have to possess all these qualities if you have someone to help you with the ones you are missing. 順利完成這個步驟，需要具備**形象化的能力**，能**務實理解**工作實際情況。記住，如果有人幫你，你不必完全具備這些能力。 * **How good is your ability to visualize?** **你形象化表述能力如何？** * **How confident are you that your assessment of your ability to visualize is accurate?** **你對自己在形象化表述能力方面的自我評估有幾分信心？** If you are confident of your self-assessment, why should you be confident (e.g. do have an excellent track record of visualizing and making what you visualized happen, have other believable parties told you that you are good at this)? 如果你對自我評估很有信心，請論述自信的原因。是因為有過往業績嗎，還是值得信賴之人告訴過你？ **Remember: Designing precedes doing!** The design will give you your to-do list (i.e., the tasks). **記住：方案設計要在具體行動之前！**方案設計會列出具體的工作任務。 #### 5) Doing the Tasks 5）完成任務 Next, you and the others you need to rely on have to do the tasks that will get you to your goals. Great planners who don’t carry out their plans go nowhere. You need to “push through” to accomplish the goals. This requires the self-discipline to follow the script that is your design. **I believe the importance of goodwork habits is vastly underrated.** There are lots of books written about good work habits, so I won’tdigress into what I believe is effective. However, **it is critical to know each day what you need to doand have the discipline to do it.** People with good work habits have to-do lists that are reasonablyprioritized, and they make themselves do what needs to be done. By contrast, people with poor work habits almost randomly react to the stuff that comes at them, or they can’t bring themselves to do the things they need to do but don’t like to do (or are unable to do). There are lots of tools that can help (e.g., thank God for my BlackBerry!) 接下來，你和需要依靠的工作團隊將完成任務，實現目標。成功的設計者是不會讓方案落無實處的，你需要“推動”方案的實施，完成目標，這需要大家自覺按照設計方案做事，我**認為很多人都大大低估了良好工作習慣的重要性。**以良好工作習慣為題材的書籍很多，我認為這點對各種效率很重要，我就不在此贅述了。**知道每天需要做什么并具備良好的紀律來保證這些工作的完成是至關重要的。**工作習慣好的人，任務清單是經過合理優先排序的，他們依此完成必要的任務。相比而言，工作習慣差的人幾乎都是胡子眉毛一把抓，來什么就做什么，沒法自覺完成必要任務，不喜歡做，也不會做。很多工具能幫到你。（例如：我的黑莓手機！） You need to know whether you (and others) are following the plan, so you should establish clear benchmarks. Ideally you should have someone other than yourself objectively measure if you (and others) are doing what you planned. If not, you need to diagnose why and resolve the problem. 你得知道自己與工作團隊是否在按設計的方案工作，因此你應建立清晰的衡量標準。理想情況下，你得找個人客觀評價你的工作是否在按設計方案執行。如果不是，就得診斷原因，解決問題。 People who are good at this stage can reliably execute a plan. They tend to be **self-disciplined** and **proactive** rather than reactive to the blizzard of daily tasks that can divert them from execution. They are results-oriented: they love to push themselves over the finish line to achieve the goal. **If they seethat daily tasks are taking them away from executing the plan (i.e., they identify this problem), they diagnose it and design how they can deal with both the daily tasks and moving forward with the plan. 擅于完成此步驟的人能令人放心地實施方案，這樣的人很自律，是**積極行動派**，不會因日常大量的繁瑣工作影響任務的落實，他們以工作結果為導向：熱愛推動自己沖刺前行，突破終點，實現目標。 As with the other steps, if you aren’t good at this step, get help. There are many successful, creative people who are good at the other steps but who would have failed because they aren’t good at execution. But they succeeded nonetheless because of great symbiotic relationships with highly reliable task-doers. 和其他步驟一樣，如果你不擅長這一步，請找別人尋求幫助。有很多創造力很強的成功人士擅長其他幾步，但如果在執行落實這步上沒做好，就可能會失敗。 For a more detailed explanation of doing what you set out to do, please see My Management Principles. 想了解關于落實計劃的詳述內容，請閱讀我的管理原則這章。 * **How good are you at pushing through?** **你擅于推動自己完成任務嗎？** * **How confident are you that your assessment of your ability to push through is accurate?** **你對自己在這方面能力的自我評估有幾分自信？** #### The Relationships between These Steps 五大步驟間的聯系 Designs and tasks have no purpose other than to achieve your goals. Said differently, goals are the sole purpose of designs and tasks. So you mustn’t forget how they’re related. Frequently I see people feel great about doing their tasks while forgetting the goals they were designed to achieve, resulting in the failure to achieve their goals. This doesn’t make any sense, because the only purpose of tasks is to achieve goals. In order to be successful, your goals must be riveted in your mind: they are the things you MUST do. To remember the connections between the tasks and the goals that they are meant to achieve, you just have to ask, “Why?” It is good to connect tasks to goals this way (with the “Why?”), because losing sight of the connections will prevent you from succeeding. 設計方案與任務最主要的目的就是實現你的目標。雖然方案和任務有所不同，但都是為了最終實現工作目標。所以一定不要忘記它們同目標之間的聯系。我經常發現有人對自己完成了各項任務洋洋得意，卻忘了最終的工作目標是什么，最終沒能實現目標。這其實很沒意義，因為任務的唯一目的就是實現目標。要想成功，必須牢記自己的工作目標：這些是你必須要做的事情。記住，任務和目標之間的聯系，完成任務是為了實現目標的。其實你只用問“為什么”就知道他們之間的聯系了。通過“為什么”將任務和目標聯系起來很好，因為忽視了這種關聯，會阻礙你實現成功。 Again, this 5-Step Process is iterative. This means that after completing one of the steps you will probably have acquired relevant information that leads you to modify the other steps. 再次說明，這五大步驟是循環往復的，也就意味著當你完成一個步驟后，可能會獲得有用的信息幫助你改善其他步驟。 If this process is working, goals will change much more slowly than designs, which will change more slowly than tasks. Designs and tasks can be modified or changed often (because you might want to reassess how to achieve the goal), but changing goals frequently is usually a problem because achieving them requires a consistent effort. I often find that people who have problems reaching their goals handle these steps backwards; that is, they stick too rigidly to specified tasks and are not committed enough to achieving their goals (often because they lose sight of them). 如果這個過程開始運作了，對目標的改變遠慢于設計方案的改變，而任務的改變則快得多。設計方案和任務可以經常調整改變（因為你可能想重新評估實現目標的方式），但頻繁改變目標則通常會帶來問題，因為實現目標本來就需要貫徹始終的努力。我常發現，有人在實現目標的征途上遇到問題，他們反復退回之前的步驟，對某些具體任務過度苛刻，卻沒有花更多精力在實現目標上，很多時候是因為他們忽略了目標的存在。 #### Weaknesses Don’t Matter if You Find Solutions 找到解決方案，有缺點也不要緊 To repeat, the best advice I can give you is to ask yourself what you want, then ask ‘what is true,’ and then ask yourself ‘what should be done about it.’ If you honestly ask and answer these questions you will move much faster towards what you want to get out of life than if you don’t! 再說一遍，我能給你的最好建議就是，問問自己想要什么，“真實情況是怎樣的？”，“應該對此做些什么？”我相信只要按此步驟，就能更快實現夢想。 Most importantly, **ask yourself what is your biggest weakness that stands in the way of what you want.** 最重要的是，**問你自己，阻礙你成功最大的缺點是什么。** As I mentioned before, everyone has weaknesses. The main difference between unsuccessful and successful people is that unsuccessful people don’t find and address them, and successful people do. 我說過，人人都有缺點，成功人士與平庸之輩的區別在于他們懂得發現缺點并采取解決方案。 It is difficult to see one’s own blind spots for two reasons: 發現個人缺點很難主要有兩點原因： 1) Most people don’t go looking for their weaknesses because of “ego barriers”—they find having weaknesses painful because society has taught them that having weaknesses is bad. As I said early on, I believe that we would have a radically more effective and much happier society if we taught the truth, which is that everyone has weaknesses, and knowing about them and how to deal with them is how people learn and succeed. 1) 大多數人都不去搜尋自身缺點，就是因為“自我設障”，社會大環境告訴他們，有缺點是不好的，所以會覺得發現缺點很痛苦。我早前提過，如果大家都知道這樣一個真相，即人人都有缺點，人們通過了解缺點，知道如何應對缺點而成長與成功，那我們的社會將變得更高效幸福。 2) Having a weakness is like missing a sense—if you can’t visualize what it is, it’s hard to perceive not having it. 2）具備缺點就像缺少一種感官——如果你無法形象描述這個感官是怎樣的，也就很難察覺你在這方面的缺失。 For these two reasons, having people show you what you are missing can be painful, though its essential for your progress. When you encounter that pain, try to remember that **you can get what you want outof life if you can open-mindedly reflect, with the help of others, on what is standing in your way and then deal with it.** 基于這兩點原因，要別人當你面告訴你缺少什么是挺痛苦的，但這是實現進步的重要步驟。遭受痛苦時，請記住：**只要以開放的思維，并在別人的幫助下，對阻礙成功的東西進行反思，找到應對辦法，就能實現人生夢想。** * What do you think is the biggest weakness you have that stands in the way of what you want – the one that you repeatedly run into? 在追逐人生目標的征途上，你認為反復出現的阻礙你前行的最大缺點是什么？ People who don’t get what they want out of life fail at one or more of the five steps. But being weak atany one of these steps is not a problem if you understand what you are weak at and successfully compensate for that weakness by seeking help. For example, a good goal-setter who is bad at doingtasks might work well with a bad goal-setter who is great at doing tasks—i.e., they will be much more successful working together. It is easy to find out what weaknesses are standing in your way by 1) identifying which steps you are failing at and 2) getting the feedback of people who are successful at doing what you are having problems with. 沒能實現人生夢想的人，一般是因為沒能順利完成五大步驟。但是對這五大步驟都不在行并不是問題，只需了解自己的缺點在哪，然后通過尋求幫助彌補這方面的劣勢就好。例如，擅于設置目標但不擅長完成任務的人，可以和擅長完成任務但不善于設置目標的人進行合作。這兩個人在一起工作，比單獨工作要成功得多。找到阻礙成功的缺點不難，可以用以下的辦法：1）弄清是哪一個步驟出了問題；2）從擅長你所不擅長的領域的成功人士那里獲得反饋。 Because I believe that you will achieve your goals if you do these five steps well, it follows that if you are not achieving your goals you can use the 5-Step Process as a diagnostic tool. You would do this by 1) identifying the step(s) that you are failing at; 2) noting the qualities required to succeed at that step; and 3) identifying which of these qualities you are missing. 因為我認為只要做好這五個步驟，就能實現目標，若沒能實現目標，也可以把這五步過程當作診斷工具。你可以：1）弄清楚在哪一步上失敗的；2）記下需要完成此步驟所需的素質；3）弄清楚這些素質中，自己缺少哪些? To repeat, the five steps and the qualities that I believe are required to be good at them are as follows: 再重復一下，以下是我認為五大步驟所需的素質：  * **Which qualities needed do you wish you had more of?** **這幾條素質中，你最希望提升哪一條？** * **In a nutshell, my 5-Step process for achieving what you want is:** **你對自己在這方面的能力的自我評估有幾分？** In a nutshell, my 5-Step process for achieving what you want is: 簡而言之，我的目標實現五步驟如下： **Values→ 1) Goals → 2) Problems → 3) Diagnoses → 4) Designs → 5) Tasks** **價值觀→ 1) 目標 → 2) 問題 → 3) 診斷 → 4) 設計 → 5) 任務** Your values determine what you want, i.e., your goals. In trying to achieve your goals, you will encounter problems that have to be diagnosed. Only after determining the real root causes of these problems can you design a plan to get around them. Once you have a good plan, you have to muster the self-discipline to do what is required to make the plan succeed. Note that this process starts with your values, but it requires that you succeed at all five steps. While these steps require different abilities, you don’t have to be good at all of them. If you aren’t good at all of them (which is true for almost everyone), you need to know what you are bad at and how to compensate for your weaknesses. This requires you to put your ego aside, objectively reflect on your strengths and weaknesses, and seek the help from others. 價值觀決定你的目標。為了實現目標，就會遇到問題，對之進行診斷。只有找出這些問題的根本原因，才能設計方案解決問題。好的方案，還需要自律才能按要求順利完成方案。請注意，這個過程始于你的價值觀，但需要你順利完成五個步驟。每個步驟要求不同的能力，你不用樣樣具備，這對大多數人來說也是事實，你只需要了解自己不擅長什么，并懂得彌補自己的缺點。這需要你把內心的自我情緒放一邊，客觀審視自己的優缺點，并向別人尋求幫助。 As you design and implement your plan to achieve your goals, you may find it helpful to consider that: 設計與落實目標實現計劃時，下面的建議可能有所幫助 * Life is like a game where you seek to overcome the obstacles that stand in the way of achieving your goals 人生如一場游戲，要克服阻礙前行的障礙 * You get better at this game through practice; 玩這場游戲，多多練習，熟能生巧 * The game consists of a series of choices that have consequences; 這場游戲由一系列會帶來后果的選擇組成。 * You can’t stop the problems and choices from coming at you, so it’s better to learn how to deal with them; 你無法阻擋問題和選擇撲面而來，所以最好還是學學怎么去應對它們吧。 * You have the freedom to make whatever choices you want, though it’s best to be mindful of their consequences; 你可以隨心所欲做選擇，不過最好要考慮后果。 * The pain of problems is a call to find solutions rather than a reason for unhappiness and inaction, so it’s silly, pointless, and harmful to be upset at the problems and choices that come at you (though it’s understandable); 問題的出現會帶來痛苦，但也會提醒自己尋找解決問題的辦法。出現問題不能作為沮喪或不作為的理由，要這樣想就太蠢了，也是沒有意義的，消極應對撲面而來的問題與選擇是有害的。 * We all evolve at different paces, and it’s up to you to decide the pace at which you want to evolve; 我們進化的速度不盡相同，這個進化的速度取決于你自己。 * The process goes better if you are as accurate as possible in all respects, including assessing your strengths and weaknesses and adapting to them. 這個過程進展順利與否取決于你是否精準地把握方方面面，包括評估自身優劣勢，思考適應策略。 > The organization Outward Bound has a concept that is helpful in thinking about the optimal pace of personal evolution. They speak of a comfort zone, a stretch zone and a panic zone. It’s best to spend most of your time in the stretch zone. > > 一家叫“拓展訓練”的公司提出過一組概念：舒適區，伸展區和恐慌區。這個觀點為個人進化的最佳速度提供了思路，所以最好都處在“伸展區”。