PHP解決問題進化論(整理筆記) · PHPer進階

# 查看PHP錯誤信息 1、修改php.ini配置 ~~~ php.ini中display_errors / display_startup_errors 設置為On php.ini中error_reporting 設置為E_ALL PHP代碼中設置error_reporting(E_ALL) ~~~ 2、PHP中打開報錯 ~~~ error_reporting(E_ALL); ini_set ('display_errors', 'On'); ~~~ 有些情況下php.ini配置中關閉了錯誤顯示，需要修改php.ini打開錯誤信息，或者錯誤信息被導出到了日志文件，這種情況可以直接tailf php_error.log來看錯誤信息。 ## 多個版本的php或php-cli與php-fpm加載不同的配置 ~~~ which php #得到反饋 /usr/bin/php,查看PHP安裝在哪 ~~~ ~~~ php -i |grep php.ini #得到加載那個php.ini,如下 Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/etc/php/5.6 Loaded Configuration File => /usr/local/etc/php/5.6/php.ini ~~~ ## 打印單步調試 ### 1、PHP的getTrace fiel:發生異常的PHP程序文件名稱； line:發生異常的代碼所在的行號； function：發生異常的函數或方法； class:發生異常的函數或方法所在的類； type:調用發生異常的函數或方法的類型（“::”調用靜態類成員，“->”調用實例化對象）； args:發生異常的函數或方法所接受的參數。 ~~~ <?php $path = "www.phpdo.net"; try { file_open($path); } catch(Exception $e) { echo "異常信息".$e->getMessage()."\n"; echo "異常代碼".$e->getCode()."\n"; echo "異常文件".$e->getFile()."\n"; echo "異常代碼所在行".$e->getLine()."\n"; echo "傳遞路線："; print_r($e->getTrace()); //以數組的形式返回跟蹤異常的每一部的傳遞路線 echo $e->getTraceAsString();//返回格式化成字符串的getTrace函數信息 } function file_open($path) { if(!file_exists($path)) { throw new exception("www.phpdo.net這個文件不存在",1); } if(!fopen($path,"r")) { throw new exception("www.phpdo.net這個文件無法打開",2); } } ?> 結果：異常信息www.phpdo.net 這個文件不存在異常代碼1 異常文件E:\xampp\htdocs\php\Test\10.2.6.php 異常代碼所在行22 傳遞路線： Array ( [0] => Array ( [file] => E:\xampp\htdocs\php\Test\10.2.6.php [line] => 5 [function] => file_open [args] => Array ( [0] => www.phpdo.net ) ) ) #0 E:\xampp\htdocs\php\Test\10.2.6.php(5): file_open(‘www.phpdo.net’) #1 {main} ~~~ ### 2、PHP debug_backtrace() <table class="dataintable " style="margin:10px 0px 0px; padding:0px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); border-collapse:collapse; width:709px; color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Verdana,Arial,宋體; font-size:12px; background-color:rgb(249,249,249)"><tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><th style="margin:0px; padding:5px 15px 5px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:baseline; background-color:rgb(213,213,213)">名稱</th><th style="margin:0px; padding:5px 15px 5px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:baseline; background-color:rgb(213,213,213)">類型</th><th style="margin:0px; padding:5px 15px 5px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:baseline; background-color:rgb(213,213,213)">描述</th></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">function</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">字符串</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">當前的函數名。</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">line</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">整數</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">當前的行號。</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">file</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">字符串</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">當前的文件名。</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">class</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">字符串</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">當前的類名</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">object</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">對象</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">當前對象。</td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">type</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">字符串</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">當前的調用類型，可能的調用：<ul class="listintable" style="margin:20px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style-type:none"><li style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style-type:disc">返回: "->"? - 方法調用</li><li style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style-type:disc">返回: "::"? - 靜態方法調用</li><li style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style-type:disc">返回 nothing - 函數調用</li></ul></td></tr><tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px"><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">args</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">數組</td><td style="margin:0px; padding:6px 15px 6px 6px; border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170); vertical-align:text-top; background-color:rgb(239,239,239)">如果在函數中，列出函數參數。如果在被引用的文件中，列出被引用的文件名。</td></tr></tbody></table> ~~~ <?php function one($str1, $str2) { two("Glenn", "Quagmire"); } function two($str1, $str2) { three("Cleveland", "Brown"); } function three($str1, $str2) { print_r(debug_backtrace()); } one("Peter", "Griffin"); ?> ~~~ ### 3、其他(var_dump,die(),exit()等) ## PHP進程跟蹤查看 ### 什么是strace? strace是一個非常簡單的工具，它可以跟蹤系統調用的執行。最簡單的方式，它可以從頭到尾跟蹤binary的執行，然后以一行文本輸出系統調用的名字，參數和返回值。其實它可以做的更多：可以對特定的系統調用或者幾組系統調用進行過濾可以通過統計特定系統調用的調用次數、耗費的時間、成功和失敗的次數來配置(profile)系統調用的使用I 跟蹤發送給進程的信號量可以通過pid附著(attach)到任何運行的進程如果你使用的是其它Unix系統，它類似于"truss"。其它更復雜的是Sun的Dtrace. 調用:? ~~~ strace [ -dffhiqrtttTvxx ] [ -acolumn ] [ -eexpr ] …? [ -ofile ] [ -ppid ] … [ -sstrsize ] [ -uusername ] [ command [ arg … ] ] strace -c [ -eexpr ] … [ -Ooverhead ] [ -Ssortby ] [ command [ arg … ] ]? ~~~ 功能:? 跟蹤程式執行時的系統調用和所接收的信號.通常的用法是strace執行一直到commande結束.? 使用strace php test.php，或者strace -p 進程ID。strace就可以幫助你透過現象看本質，掌握程序執行的過程。 ~~~ 如： strace -p PID分析php-fpm進程 at("/data/tdocs/webroot/go/./Widget/boutique.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) lstat("/data/tdocs/webroot/go/./Widget/openapi.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) lstat("/data/tdocs/webroot/go/./Widget/groupnew.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) lstat("/data/tdocs/webroot/go/./Widget/groupStatistical.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) lstat("/usr/share/pear/Widget/groupStatistical.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) lstat("/usr/share/php/Widget/groupStatistical.inc.php", 0x7fffc74cb320) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) ~~~ ### 怎么使用它？找出程序在startup的時候讀取的哪個config文件？ ~~~ $ strace php 2>&1 | grep php.ini open("/usr/local/bin/php.ini", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/local/lib/php.ini", O_RDONLY) = 4 lstat64("/usr/local/lib/php.ini", {st_mode=S_IFLNK|0777, st_size=27, ...}) = 0 readlink("/usr/local/lib/php.ini", "/usr/local/Zend/etc/php.ini", 4096) = 27 lstat64("/usr/local/Zend/etc/php.ini", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=40971, ...}) = 0 ~~~ ~~~ strace -e open php 2>&1 | grep php.ini open("/usr/local/bin/php.ini", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/local/lib/php.ini", O_RDONLY) = 4 ~~~ 某個進程現在在做什么? ~~~ strace -p 15427 Process 15427 attached - interrupt to quit futex(0x402f4900, FUTEX_WAIT, 2, NULL Process 15427 detached ~~~ 是誰偷走了時間？你可以重新編譯app，打開profiling，以獲取精確的信息。但是通常利用strace附著(attach）一個進程以快速地看一下當前時間花費在哪里非常有用。可以看下是否90%的CPU用在真正的工作，或者用在其它方面了。 ~~~ strace -c -p 11084 Process 11084 attached - interrupt to quit Process 11084 detached % time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 94.59 0.001014 48 21 select 2.89 0.000031 1 21 getppid 2.52 0.000027 1 21 time ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 100.00 0.001072 63 total ~~~ ## 通信過程如何分析-tcpdump？用簡單的話來定義tcpdump，就是：dump the traffic on a network，根據使用者的定義對網絡上的數據包進行截獲的包分析工具。 tcpdump可以將網絡中傳送的數據包的“頭”完全截獲下來提供分析。它支持針對網絡層、協議、主機、網絡或端口的過濾，并提供and、or、not等邏輯語句來幫助你去掉無用的信息。參考：http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2012/01/14/2322659.html