按鈕構件 · GTK編程基礎學習

創建按鈕有好幾種方法。你可以用 gtk_button_new_with_label() 或?gtk_button_new_with_mnemonic() 來創建一個帶標簽的按鈕，用 gtk_button_new_from_stock() 來從一個原料(stock)項創建一個包含圖像和文本的按鈕，或者用 gtk_button_new() 創建一個空白按鈕。接著你可以決定把一個標簽或位圖(pixmap)組裝到這個新創建的按鈕里。要這樣做，創建一個新的盒，然后用常見的 gtk_box_pack_start() 把你的對象組裝到盒里，再gtk_container_add() 把盒組裝到按鈕里。 ### 下面是演示用函數gtk_button_new()去創建一個帶圖像和標簽的按鈕控件。 ~~~ /*File:Normal_Button.c *Date:2013-12-03 *Author:sjin *Mail:413977243@qq.com */ #include <stdio.h> #include <gtk/gtk.h> #include <stdlib.h> /*創建一個橫向盒，它包含一個圖像和一個標簽，并非你會這個盒子*/ GtkWidget *xpm_label_box(gchar *xpm_filename,gchar *label_text) { GtkWidget *box; GtkWidget *label; GtkWidget *image; /*為圖像和標簽創建盒*/ box = gtk_hbox_new(FALSE,0); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(box),2); /*創建一個圖像*/ image = gtk_image_new_from_file(xpm_filename); /*為按鈕創建一個標簽*/ label = gtk_label_new(label_text); /*圖像和按鈕組裝到盒子里*/ gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),image,FALSE,FALSE,3); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),label,FALSE,FALSE,3); gtk_widget_show(image); gtk_widget_show(label); return box; } /*回調函數 *傳到這個函數的數據將唄打印到標準輸出 * */ void callback(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) { g_print("Hello again -%s was pressed\n",(char *) data); } /*退出回調函數*/ gint delete_event(GtkWidget *widget,GdkEvent *event,gpointer data) { gtk_main_quit(); return FALSE; } int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *button; GtkWidget *box; /*初始化*/ gtk_init(&argc,&argv); /*創建窗口*/ window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); /*這個一般必要有delete_event信號到主窗口*/ g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"delete_event",G_CALLBACK(delete_event),NULL); /*設置窗口寬度*/ gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window),80); /*設置窗口標題*/ gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"普通按鈕練習"); button = gtk_button_new(); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(callback),(gpointer)"cool button"); box = xpm_label_box("info.xpm","cool button"); gtk_widget_show(box); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(button),box); gtk_widget_show(button); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),button); gtk_widget_show(window); gtk_main(); return 0; } ~~~ 運行程序顯示下面的圖像： ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-08-24_57bd77970a13f.jpg) ### 按鈕構件有如下信號： ? pressed --- 當鼠標鍵在按鈕構件里按下時發出 ? released --- 當鼠標鍵在按鈕構件里釋放時發出 ? clicked --- 當鼠標鍵在按鈕構件里按下并接著在按鈕構件里釋放時發出 ? enter --- 當鼠標光標進入按鈕構件時發出 ? leave --- 當鼠標光標離開按鈕構件時發出 ### 開關、復選按鈕 ### ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-08-24_57bd77971d771.jpg) ~~~ /*File:Toggle_button.c *Date:2013-12-07 *Author:sjin *Mail:413977243@qq.com */ #include <stdio.h> #include <gtk/gtk.h> #include <stdlib.h> /*開關按鈕： * 由一般按鈕派生而來，只是開關按鈕只有兩個狀態，通過點擊 * 可以切換。 * 開關按鈕是復選按鈕和單選按鈕的基礎，所以單選按鈕和復選按鈕繼承了 * 許多開關按鈕的函數調用 */ GtkWidget *button1; GtkWidget *button2; /*回調函數 *傳到這個函數的數據將唄打印到標準輸出 * */ void Toggle_Button_callback(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) { if(gtk_toggle_button_get_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(widget))){ g_print(" 按鈕被按下\n"); }else{ g_print("按鈕是彈起的\n",(char *) data); } } void callback(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) { if(gtk_toggle_button_get_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(button1))){ g_print(" 數學被選中\n"); }else{ g_print("nothing\n"); } if(gtk_toggle_button_get_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(button2))){ g_print(" 語文被選中\n"); }else{ g_print("nothing\n"); } } /*退出回調函數*/ gint delete_event(GtkWidget *widget,GdkEvent *event,gpointer data) { gtk_main_quit(); return FALSE; } int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *button; GtkWidget *box; /*初始化*/ gtk_init(&argc,&argv); /*創建窗口*/ window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); /*這個一般必要有delete_event信號到主窗口*/ g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"delete_event",G_CALLBACK(delete_event),NULL); /*設置窗口寬度*/ gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window),20); /*設置窗口標題*/ gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"開關按鈕練習"); /*創建一個組裝盒子*/ box = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE,0); /*設置一個開關按鈕*/ button = gtk_toggle_button_new_with_label("打開"); /*設置按鈕的狀態，默認為彈起 FALSE .*/ gtk_toggle_button_set_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(button),FALSE); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(Toggle_Button_callback),(gpointer)"cool button"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),button,TRUE,TRUE,0); gtk_widget_show(button); /*********設置復選按鈕********/ button1 = gtk_check_button_new_with_label("數學"); gtk_toggle_button_set_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(button1),TRUE); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),button1,TRUE,TRUE,0); gtk_widget_show(button1); button2 = gtk_check_button_new_with_label("語文"); gtk_toggle_button_set_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(button2),TRUE); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),button2,TRUE,TRUE,0); gtk_widget_show(button2); button = gtk_button_new_with_label("OK"); gtk_toggle_button_set_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(button),TRUE); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),button,TRUE,TRUE,0); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(callback),NULL); gtk_widget_show(button); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),box); gtk_widget_show(box); gtk_widget_show(window); gtk_main(); return 0; } ~~~ ### ?單選按鈕? ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-08-24_57bd779732832.jpg) ### ? ~~~ /*File:Radio_Button.c *Date:2013-12-03 *Author:sjin *Mail:413977243@qq.com */ #include <stdio.h> #include <gtk/gtk.h> #include <stdlib.h> /*創建單選按鈕，點擊close 回輸出那個單選按鈕被點擊 * 單選按鈕是分組的，一個組中只能有一個對象被選中、按下 *當應用程序中，要從多個選項中選中一個時用到 */ enum Subject{ SHUXVE, YUWEN, YINGYU }; GtkWidget *button1;//語文 GtkWidget *button2;//數學 GtkWidget *button3;//英語 void Radio_Button_callback(GtkWidget *widget,gpointer data) { if(gtk_toggle_button_get_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(button1))){ g_print("語文被點擊\n"); } if(gtk_toggle_button_get_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(button2))){ g_print("數學被點擊\n"); } if(gtk_toggle_button_get_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(button3))){ g_print("英語被點擊\n"); } } /*回調函數 *傳到這個函數的數據將唄打印到標準輸出 * */ void callback(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) { g_print("Hello again -%s was pressed\n",(char *) data); } /*退出回調函數*/ gint delete_event(GtkWidget *widget,GdkEvent *event,gpointer data) { gtk_main_quit(); return FALSE; } int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *button; GtkWidget *box1; GtkWidget *box2; GtkWidget *separator; GSList *group; /*初始化*/ gtk_init(&argc,&argv); /*創建窗口*/ window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); /*這個一般必要有delete_event信號到主窗口*/ g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"delete_event",G_CALLBACK(delete_event),NULL); /*設置窗口寬度*/ gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window),0); /*設置窗口標題*/ gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"單選按鈕練習"); box1 = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE,0); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),box1); gtk_widget_show(box1); box2 = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE,10); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(box2),10); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box1),box2,TRUE,TRUE,0); gtk_widget_show(box2); button1 = gtk_radio_button_new_with_label(NULL,"語文"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box2),button1,TRUE,TRUE,0); gtk_widget_show(button1); group = gtk_radio_button_get_group(GTK_RADIO_BUTTON(button1)); button2 = gtk_radio_button_new_with_label(group,"數學"); /*默認是選擇這個*/ gtk_toggle_button_set_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(button2),TRUE); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box2),button2,TRUE,TRUE,0); gtk_widget_show(button2); button3 = gtk_radio_button_new_with_label_from_widget(GTK_RADIO_BUTTON(button2),"英語"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box2),button3,TRUE,TRUE,0); gtk_widget_show(button3); /*分割線*/ separator = gtk_hseparator_new(); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box1),separator,FALSE,TRUE,0); gtk_widget_show(separator); box2 = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE,10); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(box2),10); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box1),box2,FALSE,TRUE,0); gtk_widget_show(box2); /*退出按鈕*/ button = gtk_button_new_with_label("close"); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(Radio_Button_callback),(gpointer)"cool button"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box2),button,TRUE,TRUE,0); GTK_WIDGET_SET_FLAGS(button,GTK_CAN_DEFAULT); gtk_widget_grab_default(button); gtk_widget_show(button); gtk_widget_show(window); gtk_main(); return 0; } ~~~