標簽控件、箭頭按鈕、工具提示對象、進度條 · GTK編程基礎學習

### 標簽 Labels 標簽(Labels)是 GTK 中最常用的構件，實際上它很簡單。因為沒有相關聯的 X 窗口，標簽不能引發信號。如果需要獲取或引發信號，可以將它放在一個事件盒中，或放在按鈕構件里面。下面是Labels的使用一個實例，點擊按鈕，可以打印原來標簽的內容，并設置新的內容，具體代碼如下：? ~~~ /*File:label.c *Date:2013-12-13 *Author:sjin *Mail:413977243@qq.com */ #include<gtk/gtk.h> GtkWidget *label1; void callBack(GtkWidget *widget,gpointer data) { printf("label1 = %s\n",gtk_label_get_text(GTK_LABEL(label1))); gtk_label_set_text(GTK_LABEL(label1),(char*)data); sleep(1); gtk_main_quit(); } int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *box; GtkWidget *label2; GtkWidget *label3; GtkWidget *label4; GtkWidget *frame1; GtkWidget *frame2; GtkWidget *frame3; GtkWidget *frame4; GtkWidget *button; gchar *title ; //初始化GTK gtk_init(&argc,&argv); //創建最上層主窗口 window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); //連接信號"delete_event",使得窗口關閉時發生 g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"delete_event",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),NULL); //設置窗口標題 gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"多種樣式的標簽"); //設定窗口的默認寬高 //gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window),200,300); //設定窗口的位置,讓窗口總在最前端 gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window),GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); //設定容器邊框的寬度 gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window),20); //創建盒子 box = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE,0); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),box); //創建框架1 frame1 = gtk_frame_new("標簽一"); label1 = gtk_label_new("這是第一個標簽，居左邊的。This is the first label."); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(frame1),label1); /*void gtk_label_set_justify(GtkLabel *label, GtkJustification jtype); * jtype 值：GTK_JUSTIFY_LEFT :左對齊 * GTK_JUSTIFY_RIGHT:右對齊 * GTK_JUSTIFY_CENTER:居中對齊（默認） * GTK_JUSTIFY_FILL:充滿 */ gtk_label_set_justify(GTK_LABEL(label1),GTK_JUSTIFY_LEFT); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),frame1,FALSE,FALSE,5); frame2 = gtk_frame_new("標簽二"); label2 = gtk_label_new("這是第二個標簽，它是多行的。\n這還是第二個標簽的內容，它是居右邊的。"); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(frame2),label2); gtk_label_set_justify(GTK_LABEL(label2),GTK_JUSTIFY_RIGHT); //設置下劃線 gtk_label_set_pattern(GTK_LABEL(label2),"__ __ __ "); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),frame2,FALSE,FALSE,5); frame3 = gtk_frame_new("標簽三"); label3 = gtk_label_new(NULL); //標記語言形式 title = "<span foreground=\"red\"><big><i>這是第三個標簽。\n它被格式化成紅色了，并且字體也大了。</i></big></span>"; gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(frame3),label3); gtk_label_set_markup(GTK_LABEL(label3),title); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),frame3,FALSE,FALSE,5); frame4 = gtk_frame_new("標簽四"); label4 = gtk_label_new("這也是一個多行標簽，它的換行方式和上一個有所不同，主要是編輯手段不一樣了，請仔細查看一下源碼就會明白怎么回事了。"); gtk_label_set_justify(GTK_LABEL(label1),GTK_JUSTIFY_LEFT); //自動換行函數 gtk_label_set_line_wrap(GTK_LABEL(label4),TRUE); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(frame4),label4); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),frame4,FALSE,FALSE,5); button = gtk_button_new_with_label("set label1"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),button,FALSE,FALSE,5); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(callBack),"set label1 111"); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),button); gtk_widget_show(button); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return FALSE; } ~~~ 運行結果： ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-08-24_57bd77976cd0f.jpg) ### 箭頭 Arrows 箭頭構件(Arrow widget)畫一個箭頭，面向幾種不同的方向，并有幾種不同的風格。在許多應用程序中，常用于創建帶箭頭的按鈕。和標簽構件一樣，它不能引發信號。下面是一個簡單的示例： ~~~ /*File:arrow.c *Date:2013-12-15 *Author:sjin *Mail:413977243@qq.com * */ #include<gtk/gtk.h> //創建自己按鈕的函數 GtkWidget * create_arrow_button(GtkArrowType arrowtype, GtkShadowType shadowtype ) { GtkWidget *button; GtkWidget *arrow; button = gtk_button_new(); /*void gtk_arrow_new(GtkArrowType arrow_type,GtkShadowType shadow_type); * 創建箭頭， * arrow_type：箭頭方向； * GTK_ARROW_UP:向上 * GTK_ARROW_DOWN:向下 * GTK_ARROW_LEFT:向左 * GTK_ARROW_RIGHT:向右 * shadow_type：箭頭陰影類型 * GTK_SHADOW_IN: * GTK_SHADOW_OUT(): * GTK_SHADOW_ETCHED_IN: * GTK_SHADOW_ETCHED_OUT: * */ arrow = gtk_arrow_new(arrowtype,shadowtype); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(button),arrow); gtk_widget_show(arrow); return button; } void callBack(GtkWidget *widget,gchar *data) { printf("### %s is press\n",(char *)data); } //主函數 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *box; GtkWidget *arrow1; GtkWidget *arrow2; GtkWidget *arrow3; GtkWidget *arrow4; gchar *title = "方向按鈕"; //初始化GTK gtk_init(&argc,&argv); //創建最上層主窗口 window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); //連接信號"delete_event",使得窗口關閉時發生 g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"delete_event",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),NULL); //設置窗口標題 gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),title); //設定窗口的默認寬高 //gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window),200,300); //設定窗口的位置,讓窗口總在最前端 gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window),GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); //設定容器邊框的寬度 gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window),20); //創建盒子 box = gtk_hbox_new(FALSE,0); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),box); gtk_widget_show(box); //創建帶箭頭的按鈕，調用自定義的函數 arrow1 = create_arrow_button(GTK_ARROW_LEFT,GTK_SHADOW_IN); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(arrow1),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(callBack),"向左"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),arrow1,FALSE,FALSE,13); gtk_widget_show(arrow1); arrow2 = create_arrow_button(GTK_ARROW_UP,GTK_SHADOW_OUT); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(arrow2),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(callBack),"向上"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),arrow2,FALSE,FALSE,13); gtk_widget_show(arrow2); arrow3 = create_arrow_button(GTK_ARROW_DOWN,GTK_SHADOW_ETCHED_IN); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(arrow3),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(callBack),"向下"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),arrow3,FALSE,FALSE,13); gtk_widget_show(arrow3); arrow4 = create_arrow_button(GTK_ARROW_RIGHT,GTK_SHADOW_ETCHED_OUT); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(arrow4),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(callBack),"向右"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(box),arrow4,FALSE,FALSE,13); gtk_widget_show(arrow4); gtk_widget_show(window); gtk_main(); return FALSE; } ~~~ ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-08-24_57bd779786af5.jpg) ### Tooltips：工具提示對象(Tooltips)就是當鼠標指針移到按鈕或其它構件上并停留幾秒時，彈出的文本串。工具提示對象很容易使用。具體看下面的示例。 ~~~ /*File:tooltip.c *Date:2013-12-15 *Author:sjin *Mail:413977243@qq.com */ #include <gtk/gtk.h> GtkTooltips *tooltips; int ch = 0; void callback(GtkWidget *widget,gpointer data) { //禁用已經激活的工具提示 if(ch){ gtk_tooltips_disable(tooltips); printf("0000\n"); ch = 0; }else{ ch = 1; printf("1111\n"); gtk_tooltips_enable(tooltips); } } int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *button; //初始化GTK gtk_init(&argc,&argv); //創建最上層主窗口 window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); //連接信號"delete_event",使得窗口關閉時發生 g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"delete_event",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),NULL); //設置窗口標題 gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"工具提示對象"); //設定窗口的默認寬高 //gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window),200,300); //設定窗口的位置,讓窗口總在最前端 gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window),GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); //設定容器邊框的寬度 gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window),20); //創建按鈕 button = gtk_button_new_with_label("關閉工具提示"); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),button); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(callback),NULL); gtk_widget_show(button); //創建工具提示 tooltips = gtk_tooltips_new(); gtk_tooltips_set_tip(tooltips,button,"這是一個工具提示按鈕",NULL); gtk_tooltips_disable(tooltips); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return FALSE; } ~~~ ### 進度條 Progress Bars 進度條用于顯示正在進行的操作的狀態。 ~~~ #include <gtk/gtk.h> typedef struct _ProgressData { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *pbar; int timer; gboolean activity_mode; }ProgressData; /* 更新進度條，這樣就能夠看到進度條的移動 */ gint progress_timeout( gpointer data ) { ProgressData *pdata =(ProgressData *)data; gdouble new_val; if (pdata->activity_mode) gtk_progress_bar_pulse (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (pdata->pbar)); else { /* 使用在調整對象中設置的取值范圍計算進度條的值 */ new_val =gtk_progress_bar_get_fraction (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (pdata->pbar)) + 0.01; if (new_val >1.0) new_val =0.0; /* 設置進度條的新值 */ gtk_progress_bar_set_fraction (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (pdata->pbar), new_val); } /* 這是一個 timeout 函數，返回 TRUE，這樣它就能夠繼續被調用 */ return TRUE; } /* 回調函數，切換在進度條你的滑槽上的文本顯示 */ void toggle_show_text( GtkWidget *widget, ProgressData *pdata ) { const gchar *text; text =gtk_progress_bar_get_text (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (pdata->pbar)); if (text && *text) gtk_progress_bar_set_text (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (pdata->pbar), ""); else gtk_progress_bar_set_text (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (pdata->pbar), "some text"); } /* 回調函數，切換進度條的活動模式 */ void toggle_activity_mode( GtkWidget *widget, ProgressData *pdata ) { pdata->activity_mode = !pdata->activity_mode; if (pdata->activity_mode) gtk_progress_bar_pulse (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (pdata->pbar)); else /**/ gtk_progress_bar_set_fraction (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (pdata->pbar), 0.0); } /* 回調函數，切換進度條的移動方向 */ void toggle_orientation( GtkWidget *widget, ProgressData *pdata ) { /*獲得滾動條的移動方向*/ switch (gtk_progress_bar_get_orientation (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (pdata->pbar))) { case GTK_PROGRESS_LEFT_TO_RIGHT: /*設置滾動條移動方向*/ gtk_progress_bar_set_orientation (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (pdata->pbar), GTK_PROGRESS_RIGHT_TO_LEFT); break; case GTK_PROGRESS_RIGHT_TO_LEFT: gtk_progress_bar_set_orientation (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (pdata->pbar), GTK_PROGRESS_LEFT_TO_RIGHT); break; default: break; // 什么也不做 } } /* 清除分配的內存，刪除定時器(timer) */ void destroy_progress( GtkWidget *widget,ProgressData *pdata) { gtk_timeout_remove (pdata->timer); pdata->timer =0; pdata->window =NULL; g_free (pdata); gtk_main_quit (); } int main( int argc,char *argv[]) { ProgressData *pdata; GtkWidget *align; GtkWidget *separator; GtkWidget *table; GtkWidget *button; GtkWidget *check; GtkWidget *vbox; gtk_init (&argc, &argv); /* 為傳遞到回調函數中的數據分配內存 */ pdata =g_malloc (sizeof (ProgressData)); pdata->window =gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_resizable (GTK_WINDOW (pdata->window), TRUE); g_signal_connect (G_OBJECT (pdata->window), "destroy",G_CALLBACK (destroy_progress),pdata); gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW (pdata->window), "進度條練習"); gtk_container_set_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (pdata->window), 0); vbox =gtk_vbox_new (FALSE, 5); gtk_container_set_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (vbox), 10); gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (pdata->window), vbox); gtk_widget_show (vbox); /* 創建一個居中對齊的對象 */ align =gtk_alignment_new (0.5, 0.5, 0, 0); gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX(vbox), align, FALSE, FALSE, 5); gtk_widget_show (align); /* 創建進度條 */ pdata->pbar =gtk_progress_bar_new (); gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (align), pdata->pbar); gtk_widget_show (pdata->pbar); /* 加一個定時器(timer)，以更新進度條的值 */ pdata->timer =gtk_timeout_add (100, progress_timeout, pdata); separator =gtk_hseparator_new (); gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX(vbox), separator, FALSE, FALSE, 0); gtk_widget_show (separator); /* 行數、列數、同質性(homogeneous) */ table =gtk_table_new (2, 2, FALSE); gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX(vbox), table, FALSE, TRUE, 0); gtk_widget_show (table); /* 添加一個復選按鈕，以選擇是否顯示在滑槽里的文本 */ check =gtk_check_button_new_with_label ("Show text"); gtk_table_attach (GTK_TABLE (table), check, 0, 1, 0, 1,GTK_EXPAND |GTK_FILL, GTK_EXPAND |GTK_FILL,5, 5); g_signal_connect (G_OBJECT (check), "clicked",G_CALLBACK (toggle_show_text),pdata); gtk_widget_show (check); /* 添加一個復選按鈕，切換活動狀態 */ check =gtk_check_button_new_with_label ("Activity mode"); gtk_table_attach (GTK_TABLE (table), check, 0, 1, 1, 2,GTK_EXPAND |GTK_FILL, GTK_EXPAND |GTK_FILL,5, 5); g_signal_connect (G_OBJECT (check), "clicked",G_CALLBACK (toggle_activity_mode),pdata); gtk_widget_show (check); /* 添加一個復選按鈕，切換移動方向 */ check =gtk_check_button_new_with_label ("Right to Left"); gtk_table_attach (GTK_TABLE (table), check, 0, 1, 2, 3,GTK_EXPAND |GTK_FILL, GTK_EXPAND |GTK_FILL,5, 5); g_signal_connect (G_OBJECT (check), "clicked",G_CALLBACK (toggle_orientation),pdata); gtk_widget_show (check); /* 添加一個按鈕，用來退出應用程序 */ button =gtk_button_new_with_label ("close"); g_signal_connect_swapped (G_OBJECT (button), "clicked",G_CALLBACK (gtk_widget_destroy),pdata->window); gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX(vbox), button, FALSE, FALSE, 0); /* 將按鈕設置為能缺省的構件 */ GTK_WIDGET_SET_FLAGS (button, GTK_CAN_DEFAULT); /* 將缺省焦點設置到這個按鈕上，使之成為缺省按鈕，只要按回車鍵 * 就相當于點擊了這個按鈕 */ //譯者注：能缺省的構件在獲取焦點后成為缺省構件,用戶按方向鍵等可以切換焦點。 gtk_widget_grab_default (button); gtk_widget_show (button); gtk_widget_show (pdata->window); gtk_main (); return 0; } ~~~ 運行如下： ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-08-24_57bd77979ae82.jpg) 參考資料： ??[http://guoyinghui2012.blog.163.com/blog/static/20871720020126294943228/](http://guoyinghui2012.blog.163.com/blog/static/20871720020126294943228/)