考慮下面的接口和實現,這里使用了`Foo` 和 `Bar`集中事務的使用,不需要關注域對象.為了達到測試目的`DefaultFooService `會拋出`UnsupportedOperationException `讓你看到事務的回滾. ~~~java //想要使用事務的接口 package x.y.service; public interface FooService { Foo getFoo(String fooName); Foo getFoo(String fooName, String barName); void insertFoo(Foo foo); void updateFoo(Foo foo); } ~~~ ~~~java // 上面接口的實現 package x.y.service; public class DefaultFooService implements FooService { public Foo getFoo(String fooName) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } public Foo getFoo(String fooName, String barName) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } public void insertFoo(Foo foo) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } public void updateFoo(Foo foo) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } } ~~~ 假設接口`FooService`前兩個方法是事務只讀的,后兩個方法是事務讀寫的,配置如下: ~~~xml <!-- from the file 'context.xml' --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <!-- 想要使用事務的對象--> <bean id="fooService" class="x.y.service.DefaultFooService"/> <!-- 事務建議(發生了什么,可參看下面的<aop:advisor/>) --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager"> <!-- the transactional semantics... --> <tx:attributes> <!-- 所有get開頭的方法,只讀--> <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/> <!-- 其他方法,使用默認事務,見下說明--> <tx:method name="*"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 確保上面的事務建議在FooService接口的所有方法上執行 --> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="fooServiceOperation" expression="execution(* x.y.service.FooService.*(..))"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="fooServiceOperation"/> </aop:config> <!-- 數據源配置 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@rj-t42:1521:elvis"/> <property name="username" value="scott"/> <property name="password" value="tiger"/> </bean> <!-- 驅動事務管理的 PlatformTransactionManager --> <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> </beans> ~~~ 這里的依賴關系,先有數據源dataSource,然后有依賴數據源的事務txManager, 然后有依賴事務的建議txAdvice,最后通過`<aop:config>`把建議和切點關聯起來. >如果 `<tx:advice/>`的屬性`transaction-manager`指向的`PlatformTransactionManager` 事務名稱為`transactionManager`,則可以忽略這個屬性,如果是其他值,必須明確指定. > 常見的需求是使整個業務層具有事務性。 最佳方法是更改切入點表達式以匹配業務層中的任何方法。 例如： ~~~xml <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="fooServiceMethods" expression="execution(* x.y.service.*.*(..))"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="fooServiceMethods"/> </aop:config> ~~~ 上面的配置會創建事務代理圍繞著`fooService `的實現類.根據切點配置,調用了適當的代理方法,事務就會根據配置開啟或暫停,或只讀等等,看下面的測試過程 ~~~java public final class Boot { public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception { ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("context.xml", Boot.class); FooService fooService = (FooService) ctx.getBean("fooService"); fooService.insertFoo (new Foo()); } } ~~~ log4j的日志輸出信息如下 ~~~xml <!-- spring容器啟動... --> [AspectJInvocationContextExposingAdvisorAutoProxyCreator] - Creating implicit proxy for bean 'fooService' with 0 common interceptors and 1 specific interceptors <!--DefaultFooService代理被創建 --> [JdkDynamicAopProxy] - Creating JDK dynamic proxy for [x.y.service.DefaultFooService] <!-- 調用代理對象的insertFoo(..) --> [TransactionInterceptor] - Getting transaction for x.y.service.FooService.insertFoo <!--交易的事務建議創建--> [DataSourceTransactionManager] - Creating new transaction with name [x.y.service.FooService.insertFoo] [DataSourceTransactionManager] - Acquired Connection [org.apache.commons.dbcp.PoolableConnection@a53de4] for JDBC transaction <!-- DefaultFooService 的insertFoo(..)方法拋出exception... --> [RuleBasedTransactionAttribute] - Applying rules to determine whether transaction should rollback on java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException [TransactionInterceptor] - Invoking rollback for transaction on x.y.service.FooService.insertFoo due to throwable [java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException] <!-- 事務回滾 (默認 RuntimeException導致回滾) --> [DataSourceTransactionManager] - Rolling back JDBC transaction on Connection [org.apache.commons.dbcp.PoolableConnection@a53de4] [DataSourceTransactionManager] - Releasing JDBC Connection after transaction [DataSourceUtils] - Returning JDBC Connection to DataSource Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException at x.y.service.DefaultFooService.insertFoo(DefaultFooService.java:14) <!-- 為清晰起見，刪除了AOP基礎架構堆棧信息--> at $Proxy0.insertFoo(Unknown Source) at Boot.main(Boot.java:11) ~~~