## 安裝 >pip install apscheduler ## APScheduler有四種組成部分：   觸發器(trigger)包含調度邏輯，每一個作業有它自己的觸發器，用于決定接下來哪一個作業會運行。除了他們自己初始配置意外，觸發器完全是無狀態的。   作業存儲(job store)存儲被調度的作業，默認的作業存儲是簡單地把作業保存在內存中，其他的作業存儲是將作業保存在數據庫中。一個作業的數據講在保存在持久化作業存儲時被序列化，并在加載時被反序列化。調度器不能分享同一個作業存儲。   執行器(executor)處理作業的運行，他們通常通過在作業中提交制定的可調用對象到一個線程或者進城池來進行。當作業完成時，執行器將會通知調度器。   調度器(scheduler)是其他的組成部分。你通常在應用只有一個調度器，應用的開發者通常不會直接處理作業存儲、調度器和觸發器，相反，調度器提供了處理這些的合適的接口。配置作業存儲和執行器可以在調度器中完成，例如添加、修改和移除作業。 一. cron定時調度（某一定時時刻執行） ``` (int|str) 表示參數既可以是int類型，也可以是str類型 (datetime | str) 表示參數既可以是datetime類型，也可以是str類型 year (int|str) – 4-digit year -（表示四位數的年份，如2008年） month (int|str) – month (1-12) -（表示取值范圍為1-12月） day (int|str) – day of the (1-31) -（表示取值范圍為1-31日） week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53) -（格里歷2006年12月31日可以寫成2006年-W52-7（擴展形式）或2006W527（緊湊形式）） day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun) - （表示一周中的第幾天，既可以用0-6表示也可以用其英語縮寫表示） hour (int|str) – hour (0-23) - （表示取值范圍為0-23時） minute (int|str) – minute (0-59) - （表示取值范圍為0-59分） second (int|str) – second (0-59) - （表示取值范圍為0-59秒） start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) - （表示開始時間） end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) - （表示結束時間） timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone) -（表示時區取值） ``` - 參數的取值格式：  - 例子： ``` #表示2017年3月22日17時19分07秒執行該程序 sched.add_job(my_job, 'cron', year=2017,month = 03,day = 22,hour = 17,minute = 19,second = 07) #表示任務在6,7,8,11,12月份的第三個星期五的00:00,01:00,02:00,03:00 執行該程序 sched.add_job(my_job, 'cron', month='6-8,11-12', day='3rd fri', hour='0-3') #表示從星期一到星期五5:30（AM）直到2014-05-30 00:00:00 sched.add_job(my_job(), 'cron', day_of_week='mon-fri', hour=5, minute=30,end_date='2014-05-30') #表示每5秒執行該程序一次，相當于interval 間隔調度中seconds = 5 sched.add_job(my_job, 'cron',second = '*/5') ``` 二. interval 間隔調度（每隔多久執行） ``` weeks (int) – number of weeks to wait days (int) – number of days to wait hours (int) – number of hours to wait minutes (int) – number of minutes to wait seconds (int) – number of seconds to wait start_date (datetime|str) – starting point for the interval calculation end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations ``` 三. date 定時調度（作業只會執行一次） ``` run_date (datetime|str) – the date/time to run the job at -（任務開始的時間） timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone for run_date if it doesn’t have one already ``` # 例子 - 非阻塞方式，每隔3s執行一次 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import time import os from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if __name__ == '__main__': scheduler = BackgroundScheduler() scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3)　　#間隔3秒鐘執行一次 scheduler.start() #這里的調度任務是獨立的一個線程 print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: # This is here to simulate application activity (which keeps the main thread alive). while True: time.sleep(2) #其他任務是獨立的線程執行 print('sleep!') except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ``` - 非阻塞方式，在指定時間執行一次 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import time import os from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if __name__ == '__main__': scheduler = BackgroundScheduler() #scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3) scheduler.add_job(tick, 'date', run_date='2016-02-14 15:01:05')　　#在指定的時間，只執行一次 scheduler.start() #這里的調度任務是獨立的一個線程 print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: # This is here to simulate application activity (which keeps the main thread alive). while True: time.sleep(2) #其他任務是獨立的線程執行 print('sleep!') except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ``` - 非阻塞執行方式，采用Cron執行 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import time import os from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if __name__ == '__main__': scheduler = BackgroundScheduler() #scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3) #scheduler.add_job(tick, 'date', run_date='2016-02-14 15:01:05') scheduler.add_job(tick, 'cron', day_of_week='6', second='*/5') ''' year (int|str) – 4-digit year month (int|str) – month (1-12) day (int|str) – day of the (1-31) week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53) day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun) hour (int|str) – hour (0-23) minute (int|str) – minute (0-59) second (int|str) – second (0-59) start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone) * any Fire on every value */a any Fire every a values, starting from the minimum a-b any Fire on any value within the a-b range (a must be smaller than b) a-b/c any Fire every c values within the a-b range xth y day Fire on the x -th occurrence of weekday y within the month last x day Fire on the last occurrence of weekday x within the month last day Fire on the last day within the month x,y,z any Fire on any matching expression; can combine any number of any of the above expressions ''' scheduler.start() #這里的調度任務是獨立的一個線程 print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: # This is here to simulate application activity (which keeps the main thread alive). while True: time.sleep(2) #其他任務是獨立的線程執行 print('sleep!') except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ``` - 阻塞方式，每隔3s執行一次 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import os from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if __name__ == '__main__': scheduler = BlockingScheduler() scheduler.add_job(tick, 'interval', seconds=3) print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: scheduler.start() #采用的是阻塞的方式，只有一個線程專職做調度的任務 except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ``` - 采用阻塞的方法，只執行一次 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import os from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if name == 'main': scheduler = BlockingScheduler() scheduler.add_job(tick, 'date', run_date='2016-02-14 15:23:05') print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: scheduler.start() #采用的是阻塞的方式，只有一個線程專職做調度的任務 except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ``` - 采用阻塞的方式，使用cron的調度方法 ``` # coding=utf-8 """ Demonstrates how to use the background scheduler to schedule a job that executes on 3 second intervals. """ from datetime import datetime import os from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler def tick(): print('Tick! The time is: %s' % datetime.now()) if name == 'main': scheduler = BlockingScheduler() scheduler.add_job(tick, 'cron', day_of_week='6', second='*/5') ''' year (int|str) – 4-digit year month (int|str) – month (1-12) day (int|str) – day of the (1-31) week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53) day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun) hour (int|str) – hour (0-23) minute (int|str) – minute (0-59) second (int|str) – second (0-59) start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive) timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone) * any Fire on every value */a any Fire every a values, starting from the minimum a-b any Fire on any value within the a-b range (a must be smaller than b) a-b/c any Fire every c values within the a-b range xth y day Fire on the x -th occurrence of weekday y within the month last x day Fire on the last occurrence of weekday x within the month last day Fire on the last day within the month x,y,z any Fire on any matching expression; can combine any number of any of the above expressions ''' print('Press Ctrl+{0} to exit'.format('Break' if os.name == 'nt' else 'C')) try: scheduler.start() #采用的是阻塞的方式，只有一個線程專職做調度的任務 except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): # Not strictly necessary if daemonic mode is enabled but should be done if possible scheduler.shutdown() print('Exit The Job!') ```