第二節：調度方法 · Nginx指南

1）ip_hash 其中請求在基于客戶端IP地址的服務器之間分配，該方法確保來自同一客戶端的請求總是被傳遞到同一個服務器，除非該服務器不可用案例： upstream StaticServer { ip_hash; server 10.100.100.106:8082 weight=2; server 10.100.100.107:8082 weight=1; } 2）Nginx學習之負載均衡fair模塊功能：按后端服務器的響應時間來分配請求，響應時間短的優先分配下載模塊： [root@proxy01 src]# git clone https://github.com/gnosek/nginx-upstream-fair.git [root@proxy01 nginx-1.9.2]# pwd /opt/nginx-1.9.2 [root@proxy01 nginx-1.9.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error_log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access_log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --add-module=/opt/ngx_cache_purge-master --add-module=/usr/local/src/nginx-upstream-fair && make [root@proxy01 nginx-1.9.2]# cp objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 案例 upstream StaticServer { #ip_hash; server 10.100.100.105:8082 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2; server 10.100.100.107:8082 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2; server 10.100.100.106 backup; fair; } 3) url_hash（第三方）按訪問url的hash結果來分配請求，使每個url定向到同一個后端服務器，后端服務器為緩存時比較有效。 hash key [consistent]; Context: upstream (在1.7.2版本以上可以使用）案例1：根據url來調度 upstream StaticServer { #ip_hash; hash $request_uri; server 10.100.100.105:8082 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2; server 10.100.100.107:8082 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2; #server 10.100.100.106 backup; #fair; } 案例2：當用戶訪問 http://test.51yuki.cn/6657/5347/index.html 我們通過哈希url中6657，固定訪問到一個server if （ $uri ~* "^\/([^\/]+）\/.*" ) { set $defurlkey $1 } upstream www { hash $defurlkey; server 10.100.100.105:8082 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2; server 10.100.100.107:8082 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2; } 4）加權輪詢 weight參數 5）基于cookie的調度語法： Syntax: sticky cookie name [expires=time] [domain=domain] [httponly] [secure] [path=path]; sticky route $variable ...; sticky learn create=$variable lookup=$variable zone=name:size [timeout=time] [header]; Default: — Context: upstream 安裝nginx_sticky_module模塊 [root@proxy01 opt]# git clone https://github.com/bymaximus/nginx-sticky-module-ng.git [root@proxy01 nginx-1.9.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error_log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access_log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --add-module=/opt/ngx_cache_purge-master --add-module=/usr/local/src/nginx-upstream-fair --add-module=/opt/nginx-sticky-module-ng/ && make [root@proxy01 nginx-1.9.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop [root@proxy01 nginx-1.9.2]# cp objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ cp: overwrite `/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx'? y [root@proxy01 nginx-1.9.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 使用語法： sticky [name=route] [domain=.foo.bar] [path=/] [expires=1h] [hash=index|md5|sha1] [no_fallback]; name: 可以為任何的string字符,默認是route domain：哪些域名下可以使用這個cookie path：哪些路徑對啟用sticky,例如path/test,那么只有test這個目錄才會使用sticky做負載均衡 expires：cookie過期時間，默認瀏覽器關閉就過期，也就是會話方式。 no_fallbackup：如果設置了這個，cookie對應的服務器宕機了，那么將會返回502（bad gateway 或者 proxy error），建議不啟用 upstream StaticServer { #ip_hash; # hash $request_uri; sticky name=cookie expires=1h domain=.51yuki.cn path=/; server 10.100.100.105:8082 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2; server 10.100.100.104:8082 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2; #server 10.100.100.106 backup; #fair; } 瀏覽器訪問： Cookie:UM_distinctid=15dc7020b0daed-09516b462eb88e-474a0521-15f900-15dc7020b0e9f6; _ga=GA1.2.1539088355.1513867128; cookie=7e5f2b9a2ddae0a19a42ac2aedc8f52d upstream StaticServer { #ip_hash; # hash $request_uri; #sticky name=cookie expires=1h domain=.51yuki.cn path=/; server 10.100.100.105:8082 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2; server 10.100.100.104:8082 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2; sticky expires=1h domain=.51yuki.cn; #server 10.100.100.106 backup; #fair; } 瀏覽器訪問： Cookie:UM_distinctid=15dc7020b0daed-09516b462eb88e-474a0521-15f900-15dc7020b0e9f6; _ga=GA1.2.1539088355.1513867128; cookie=7e5f2b9a2ddae0a19a42ac2aedc8f52d; route=7e5f2b9a2ddae0a19a42ac2aedc8f52d