# 實戰多階段構建 Laravel 鏡像 > 本節適用于 PHP 開發者閱讀。 ## 準備 新建一個 `Laravel` 項目或在已有的 `Laravel` 項目根目錄下新建 `Dockerfile` `.dockerignore` `laravel.conf` 文件。 在 `.dockerignore` 文件中寫入以下內容。 ```bash .idea/ .git/ vendor/ node_modules/ public/js/ public/css/ yarn-error.log bootstrap/cache/* storage/ # 自行添加其他需要排除的文件，例如 .env.* 文件 ``` 在 `laravel.conf` 文件中寫入 nginx 配置。 ```text server { listen 80 default_server; root /app/laravel/public; index index.php index.html; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string; } location ~ .*\.php(\/.*)*$ { fastcgi_pass laravel:9000; include fastcgi.conf; # fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; # fastcgi_send_timeout 300; # fastcgi_read_timeout 300; } } ``` ## 前端構建 第一階段進行前端構建。 ```text FROM node:alpine as frontend COPY package.json /app/ RUN cd /app \ && npm install --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org COPY webpack.mix.js /app/ COPY resources/assets/ /app/resources/assets/ RUN cd /app \ && npm run production ``` ## 安裝 Composer 依賴 第二階段安裝 Composer 依賴。 ```text FROM composer as composer COPY database/ /app/database/ COPY composer.json composer.lock /app/ RUN cd /app \ && composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/ \ && composer install \ --ignore-platform-reqs \ --no-interaction \ --no-plugins \ --no-scripts \ --prefer-dist ``` ## 整合以上階段所生成的文件 第三階段對以上階段生成的文件進行整合。 ```text FROM php:7.2-fpm-alpine as laravel ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel COPY --from=composer /app/vendor/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/vendor/ COPY . ${LARAVEL_PATH} COPY --from=frontend /app/public/js/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/js/ COPY --from=frontend /app/public/css/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/css/ COPY --from=frontend /app/mix-manifest.json ${LARAVEL_PATH}/mix-manifest.json RUN cd ${LARAVEL_PATH} \ && php artisan package:discover \ && mkdir -p storage \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/cache \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/sessions \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/testing \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/views \ && mkdir -p storage/logs \ && chmod -R 777 storage ``` ## 最后一個階段構建 NGINX 鏡像 ```text FROM nginx:alpine as nginx ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel COPY laravel.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/ COPY --from=laravel ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public ``` ## 構建 Laravel 及 Nginx 鏡像 使用 `docker build` 命令構建鏡像。 ```bash $ docker build -t my/laravel --target=laravel . $ docker build -t my/nginx --target=nginx . ``` ## 啟動容器并測試 新建 Docker 網絡 ```bash $ docker network create laravel ``` 啟動 laravel 容器， `--name=laravel` 參數設定的名字必須與 `nginx` 配置文件中的 `fastcgi_pass laravel:9000;` 一致 ```bash $ docker run -it --rm --name=laravel --network=laravel my/laravel ``` 啟動 nginx 容器 ```bash $ docker run -it --rm --network=laravel -p 8080:80 my/nginx ``` 瀏覽器訪問 `127.0.0.1:8080` 可以看到 Laravel 項目首頁。 > 也許 Laravel 項目依賴其他外部服務，例如 redis、MySQL，請自行啟動這些服務之后再進行測試，本小節不再贅述。 ## 生產環境優化 本小節內容為了方便測試，將配置文件直接放到了鏡像中，實際在使用時 **建議** 將配置文件作為 `config` 或 `secret` 掛載到容器中，請讀者自行學習 `Swarm mode` 或 `Kubernetes` 的相關內容。 ## 附錄 完整的 `Dockerfile` 文件如下。 ```text FROM node:alpine as frontend COPY package.json /app/ RUN cd /app \ && npm install --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org COPY webpack.mix.js /app/ COPY resources/assets/ /app/resources/assets/ RUN cd /app \ && npm run production FROM composer as composer COPY database/ /app/database/ COPY composer.json /app/ RUN cd /app \ && composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/ \ && composer install \ --ignore-platform-reqs \ --no-interaction \ --no-plugins \ --no-scripts \ --prefer-dist FROM php:7.2-fpm-alpine as laravel ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel COPY --from=composer /app/vendor/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/vendor/ COPY . ${LARAVEL_PATH} COPY --from=frontend /app/public/js/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/js/ COPY --from=frontend /app/public/css/ ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public/css/ COPY --from=frontend /app/mix-manifest.json ${LARAVEL_PATH}/mix-manifest.json RUN cd ${LARAVEL_PATH} \ && php artisan package:discover \ && mkdir -p storage \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/cache \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/sessions \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/testing \ && mkdir -p storage/framework/views \ && mkdir -p storage/logs \ && chmod -R 777 storage FROM nginx:alpine as nginx ARG LARAVEL_PATH=/app/laravel COPY laravel.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/ COPY --from=laravel ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public ${LARAVEL_PATH}/public ```