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                # 映射與統計 當我們在進行搜索的事情,我們會發現有一些奇怪的事情。比如有一些內容似乎是被打破了:在我們的索引中有12條推文,中有一個包含了`2014-09-15`這個日期,但是看看下面的查詢結果中的總數量: ~~~ GET /_search?q=2014 # 12 results GET /_search?q=2014-09-15 # 12 results ! GET /_search?q=date:2014-09-15 # 1 result GET /_search?q=date:2014 # 0 results ! ~~~ 為什么我們使用字段`_all`搜索全年就會返回所有推文,而使用字段`date`搜索年份卻沒有結果呢?為什么使用兩者所得到的結果是不同的? 推測大概是因為我們的數據在`_all`和`date`在索引時沒有被相同處理。我們來看看Elasticsearch是如何處理我們的文檔結構的。我們可以對`gb`的`tweet`使用_mapping_請求: ~~~ GET /gb/_mapping/tweet ~~~ 我們得到: ~~~ { "gb": { "mappings": { "tweet": { "properties": { "date": { "type": "date", "format": "dateOptionalTime" }, "name": { "type": "string" }, "tweet": { "type": "string" }, "user_id": { "type": "long" } } } } } } ~~~ Elasticsearch會根據系統自動判斷字段類型并生成一個映射。返回結果告訴我們`date`字段被識別成了`date`類型。`_all`沒有出現是因為他是默認字段,但是我們知道字段`_all`實際上是`string`類型的。 所以類型為`date`的字段和類型為`string`的字段的索引方式是不同的。 So fields of type `date` and fields of type `string` are indexed differently,and can thus be searched differently. That's not entirely surprising.You might expect that each of the core data types -- strings, numbers, booleansand dates -- might be indexed slightly differently. And this is true:there are slight differences. But by far the biggest difference is actually between fields that represent_exact values_ (which can include `string` fields) and fields thatrepresent _full text_. This distinction is really important -- it's the thingthat separates a search engine from all other databases.
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