[git log](http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-log.html)命令可以顯示所有的提交(commit)。 ...... ~~~ $ git log v2.5.. # commits since (not reachable from) v2.5 $ git log test..master # commits reachable from master but not test $ git log master..test # commits reachable from test but not master $ git log master...test # commits reachable from either test or # master, but not both $ git log --since="2 weeks ago" # commits from the last 2 weeks $ git log Makefile # commits that modify Makefile $ git log fs/ # commits that modify any file under fs/ $ git log -S'foo()' # commits that add or remove any file data # matching the string 'foo()' $ git log --no-merges # dont show merge commits ~~~ 當然你也可以組合上面的命令選項；下面的命令就是找出所有從"v2.5“開 始在fs目錄下的所有Makefile的修改. ~~~ $ git log v2.5.. Makefile fs/ ~~~ Git會根據git log命令的參數，按時間順序顯示相關的提交(commit)。 ~~~ commit f491239170cb1463c7c3cd970862d6de636ba787 Author: Matt McCutchen <matt@mattmccutchen.net> Date: Thu Aug 14 13:37:41 2008 -0400 git format-patch documentation: clarify what --cover-letter does commit 7950659dc9ef7f2b50b18010622299c508bfdfc3 Author: Eric Raible <raible@gmail.com> Date: Thu Aug 14 10:12:54 2008 -0700 bash completion: 'git apply' should use 'fix' not 'strip' Bring completion up to date with the man page. ~~~ 你也可以讓git log顯示補丁(patchs): ~~~ $ git log -p commit da9973c6f9600d90e64aac647f3ed22dfd692f70 Author: Robert Schiele <rschiele@gmail.com> Date: Mon Aug 18 16:17:04 2008 +0200 adapt git-cvsserver manpage to dash-free syntax diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt index c2d3c90..785779e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS SSH: [verse] -export CVS_SERVER=git-cvsserver +export CVS_SERVER="git cvsserver" 'cvs' -d :ext:user@server/path/repo.git co <HEAD_name> pserver (/etc/inetd.conf): ~~~ ## 日志統計 如果用`--stat`選項使用'git log',它會顯示在每個提交(commit)中哪些文件被修改了, 這些文件分別添加或刪除了多少行內容. ~~~ $ git log --stat commit dba9194a49452b5f093b96872e19c91b50e526aa Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Sun Aug 17 15:44:11 2008 -0700 Start 1.6.0.X maintenance series Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.1.txt | 15 +++++++++++++++ RelNotes | 2 +- 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-) ~~~ ## 格式化日志 你可以按你的要求來格式化日志輸出。‘--pretty'參數可以使用若干表現格式，如‘oneline': ~~~ $ git log --pretty=oneline a6b444f570558a5f31ab508dc2a24dc34773825f dammit, this is the second time this has reverted 49d77f72783e4e9f12d1bbcacc45e7a15c800240 modified index to create refs/heads if it is not 9764edd90cf9a423c9698a2f1e814f16f0111238 Add diff-lcs dependency e1ba1e3ca83d53a2f16b39c453fad33380f8d1cc Add dependency for Open4 0f87b4d9020fff756c18323106b3fd4e2f422135 merged recent changes: * accepts relative alt pat f0ce7d5979dfb0f415799d086e14a8d2f9653300 updated the Manifest file ~~~ 或者你也可以使用 'short' 格式: ~~~ $ git log --pretty=short commit a6b444f570558a5f31ab508dc2a24dc34773825f Author: Scott Chacon <schacon@gmail.com> dammit, this is the second time this has reverted commit 49d77f72783e4e9f12d1bbcacc45e7a15c800240 Author: Scott Chacon <schacon@gmail.com> modified index to create refs/heads if it is not there commit 9764edd90cf9a423c9698a2f1e814f16f0111238 Author: Hans Engel <engel@engel.uk.to> Add diff-lcs dependency ~~~ 你也可用‘medium','full','fuller','email' 或‘raw'. 如果這些格式不完全符合你的相求， 你也可以用‘--pretty=format'參數(參見：[git log](http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-log.html))來創建你自己的"格式“. ~~~ $ git log --pretty=format:'%h was %an, %ar, message: %s' a6b444f was Scott Chacon, 5 days ago, message: dammit, this is the second time this has re 49d77f7 was Scott Chacon, 8 days ago, message: modified index to create refs/heads if it i 9764edd was Hans Engel, 11 days ago, message: Add diff-lcs dependency e1ba1e3 was Hans Engel, 11 days ago, message: Add dependency for Open4 0f87b4d was Scott Chacon, 12 days ago, message: merged recent changes: ~~~ 另一個有趣的事是：你可以用'--graph'選項來可視化你的提交圖(commit graph),就像下面這樣: ~~~ $ git log --pretty=format:'%h : %s' --graph * 2d3acf9 : ignore errors from SIGCHLD on trap * 5e3ee11 : Merge branch 'master' of git://github.com/dustin/grit |\ | * 420eac9 : Added a method for getting the current branch. * | 30e367c : timeout code and tests * | 5a09431 : add timeout protection to grit * | e1193f8 : support for heads with slashes in them |/ * d6016bc : require time for xmlschema ~~~ 它會用ASCII字符來畫出一個很漂亮的提交歷史(commit history)線。 ## 日志排序 你也可以把日志記錄按一些不同的順序來顯示。注意，git日志從最近的提交(commit)開始，并且從這里開始向它們父分支回溯。然而git歷史可能包括多個互不關聯的開發線路，這樣有時提交(commits)顯示出來就有點雜亂。 如果你要指定一個特定的順序，可以為git log命令添加順序參數(ordering option). 按默認情況，提交(commits)會按逆時間(reverse chronological)順序顯示。 但是你也可以指定‘--topo-order'參數，這就會讓提交(commits)按拓樸順序來顯示(就是子提交在它們的父提交前顯示). 如果你用git log命令按拓樸順序來顯示git倉庫的提交日志，你會看到“開發線"(development lines)都會集合在一起. ~~~ $ git log --pretty=format:'%h : %s' --topo-order --graph * 4a904d7 : Merge branch 'idx2' |\ | * dfeffce : merged in bryces changes and fixed some testing issues | |\ | | * 23f4ecf : Clarify how to get a full count out of Repo#commits | | * 9d6d250 : Appropriate time-zone test fix from halorgium | | |\ | | | * cec36f7 : Fix the to_hash test to run in US/Pacific time | | * | decfe7b : fixed manifest and grit.rb to make correct gemspec | | * | cd27d57 : added lib/grit/commit_stats.rb to the big list o' files | | * | 823a9d9 : cleared out errors by adding in Grit::Git#run method | | * | 4eb3bf0 : resolved merge conflicts, hopefully amicably | | |\ \ | | | * | d065e76 : empty commit to push project to runcoderun | | | * | 3fa3284 : whitespace | | | * | d01cffd : whitespace | | | * | 7c74272 : oops, update version here too | | | * | 13f8cc3 : push 0.8.3 | | | * | 06bae5a : capture stderr and log it if debug is true when running commands | | | * | 0b5bedf : update history | | | * | d40e1f0 : some docs | | | * | ef8a23c : update gemspec to include the newly added files to manifest | | | * | 15dd347 : add missing files to manifest; add grit test | | | * | 3dabb6a : allow sending debug messages to a user defined logger if provided; tes | | | * | eac1c37 : pull out the date in this assertion and compare as xmlschemaw, to avoi | | | * | 0a7d387 : Removed debug print. | | | * | 4d6b69c : Fixed to close opened file description. ~~~ 你也可以用'--date-order'參數，這樣顯示提交日志的順序主要按提交日期來排序. 這個參數和'--topo-order'有一點像，沒有父分支會在它們的子分支前顯示，但是其它的東東還是按交時間來排序顯示。你會看到"開發線"(development lines)沒有集合一起，它們會像并行開發(parallel development)一樣跳來跳去的： ~~~ $ git log --pretty=format:'%h : %s' --date-order --graph * 4a904d7 : Merge branch 'idx2' |\ * | 81a3e0d : updated packfile code to recognize index v2 | * dfeffce : merged in bryces changes and fixed some testing issues | |\ | * | c615d80 : fixed a log issue |/ / | * 23f4ecf : Clarify how to get a full count out of Repo#commits | * 9d6d250 : Appropriate time-zone test fix from halorgium | |\ | * | decfe7b : fixed manifest and grit.rb to make correct gemspec | * | cd27d57 : added lib/grit/commit_stats.rb to the big list o' file | * | 823a9d9 : cleared out errors by adding in Grit::Git#run method | * | 4eb3bf0 : resolved merge conflicts, hopefully amicably | |\ \ | * | | ba23640 : Fix CommitDb errors in test (was this the right fix? | * | | 4d8873e : test_commit no longer fails if you're not in PDT | * | | b3285ad : Use the appropriate method to find a first occurrenc | * | | 44dda6c : more cleanly accept separate options for initializin | * | | 839ba9f : needed to be able to ask Repo.new to work with a bar | | * | d065e76 : empty commit to push project to runcoderun * | | | 791ec6b : updated grit gemspec * | | | 756a947 : including code from github updates | | * | 3fa3284 : whitespace | | * | d01cffd : whitespace | * | | a0e4a3d : updated grit gemspec | * | | 7569d0d : including code from github updates ~~~ 最后，你也可以用 ‘--reverse'參數來逆向顯示所有日志。