## Http 在底層使用`XMLHttpRequest`發送http請求。 `Http`作為一個類服務，提供了發送http請求所需的方法。調用`request`方法返回一個`Observable`對象， ### 如何使用 ```typescript import {Http, HTTP_PROVIDERS} from '@angular/http'; import 'rxjs/add/operator/map' @Component({ selector: 'http-app', viewProviders: [HTTP_PROVIDERS], templateUrl: 'people.html' }) class PeopleComponent { constructor(http: Http) { http.get('people.json') // Call map on the response observable to get the parsed people object .map(res => res.json()) // Subscribe to the observable to get the parsed people object and attach it to the // component .subscribe(people => this.people = people); } } ``` ### 類定義 ```typescript class Http { constructor(_backend: ConnectionBackend, _defaultOptions: RequestOptions) request(url: string|Request, options?: RequestOptionsArgs) : Observable<Response> get(url: string, options?: RequestOptionsArgs) : Observable<Response> post(url: string, body: any, options?: RequestOptionsArgs) : Observable<Response> put(url: string, body: any, options?: RequestOptionsArgs) : Observable<Response> delete(url: string, options?: RequestOptionsArgs) : Observable<Response> patch(url: string, body: any, options?: RequestOptionsArgs) : Observable<Response> head(url: string, options?: RequestOptionsArgs) : Observable<Response> options(url: string, options?: RequestOptionsArgs) : Observable<Response> } ``` ```typescript http.get('people.json').subscribe((res:Response) => this.people = res.json()); ``` 默認構造方式用于發送請求，`XMLHttpRequest`被抽象為'Backend'(這里指`XHRBackend`)，它可以通過替換`XHRBackend`供應商使用依賴注入方式來模擬，參考如下： ```typescript import {BaseRequestOptions, Http} from '@angular/http'; import {MockBackend} from '@angular/http/testing'; var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([ BaseRequestOptions, MockBackend, {provide: Http, useFactory: function(backend, defaultOptions) { return new Http(backend, defaultOptions); }, deps: [MockBackend, BaseRequestOptions]} ]); var http = injector.get(Http); http.get('request-from-mock-backend.json').subscribe((res:Response) => doSomething(res)); ``` ### 屬性 - request(url: `string|Request`, options?: `RequestOptionsArgs`) : `Observable<Response>` 執行任何合法的http請求。第一個參數為必填，值為url或者`Request`實例。如果當前傳入參數為一個url，那么可以提供一個`RequestOptions`對象類型作為第二個可選參數，在發送請求前它將最終同`BaseRequestOptions`對象合并。 - get(url: `string`, options?: `RequestOptionsArgs`) : `Observable<Request>` 發送http的`get`請求方式 - post(url: `string`, body: any, options?: `RequestOptionsArgs`) : `Observable<Request>` 發送http的`post`請求方式 - put(url: `string`, body: any, options?: `RequestOptionsArgs`) : `Observable<Request>` 發送http的`put`請求方式 - delete(url: `string`, options?: `RequestOptionsArgs`) : `Observable<Request>` 發送http的`delete`請求方式 - patch(url: `string`, body: any, options?: `RequestOptionsArgs`) : `Observable<Request>` 發送http的`patch`請求方式 - head(url: `string`,, options?: `RequestOptionsArgs`) : `Observable<Request>` 發送http的`head`請求方式 - options(url: `string`,, options?: `RequestOptionsArgs`) : `Observable<Request>` 發送http的`options`請求方式