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                ###40.3.4 模擬和監視beans 有時候需要在運行測試用例時mock一些組件,例如,你可能需要一些遠程服務的門面,但在開發期間不可用。Mocking在模擬真實環境很難復現的失敗情況時非常有用。 Spring Boot提供一個`@MockBean`注解,可用于為`ApplicationContext`中的bean定義一個Mockito mock,你可以使用該注解添加新beans,或替換已存在的bean定義。該注解可直接用于測試類,也可用于測試類的字段,或用于`@Configuration`注解的類和字段。當用于字段時,創建mock的實例也會被注入。Mock beans每次調用完測試方法后會自動重置。 下面是一個典型示例,演示使用mock實現替換真實存在的`RemoteService` bean: ```java import org.junit.*; import org.junit.runner.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.*; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.*; import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.*; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.*; import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*; import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.*; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class MyTests { @MockBean private RemoteService remoteService; @Autowired private Reverser reverser; @Test public void exampleTest() { // RemoteService has been injected into the reverser bean given(this.remoteService.someCall()).willReturn("mock"); String reverse = reverser.reverseSomeCall(); assertThat(reverse).isEqualTo("kcom"); } } ``` 此外,你可以使用`@SpyBean`和Mockito `spy`包裝一個已存在的bean,具體參考文檔。
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