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                ###40.3.7 自動配置的Spring MVC測試 你可以使用`@WebMvcTest`檢測Spring MVC控制器是否工作正常,該注解將自動配置Spring MVC設施,并且只掃描注解`@Controller`,`@ControllerAdvice`,`@JsonComponent`,`Filter`,`WebMvcConfigurer`和`HandlerMethodArgumentResolver`的beans,其他常規的`@Component` beans將不會被掃描。 通常`@WebMvcTest`只限于單個控制器(controller)使用,并結合`@MockBean`以提供需要的協作者(collaborators)的mock實現。`@WebMvcTest`也會自動配置`MockMvc`,Mock MVC為快速測試MVC控制器提供了一種強大的方式,并且不需要啟動一個完整的HTTP服務器。 **注** 使用`@AutoConfigureMockMvc`注解一個non-`@WebMvcTest`的類(比如`SpringBootTest`)也可以自動配置`MockMvc`。 ```java import org.junit.*; import org.junit.runner.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.*; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.*; import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.*; import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*; import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.*; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @WebMvcTest(UserVehicleController.class) public class MyControllerTests { @Autowired private MockMvc mvc; @MockBean private UserVehicleService userVehicleService; @Test public void testExample() throws Exception { given(this.userVehicleService.getVehicleDetails("sboot")) .willReturn(new VehicleDetails("Honda", "Civic")); this.mvc.perform(get("/sboot/vehicle").accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)) .andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string("Honda Civic")); } } ``` **注** 如果需要定義自定配置(auto-configuration)的元素(比如什么時候使用servlet filters),你可以使用`@AutoConfigureMockMvc`的屬性。 如果你使用HtmlUnit或Selenium, 自動配置將提供一個`WebClient` bean和/或`WebDriver` bean,以下是使用HtmlUnit的示例: ```java import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.*; import org.junit.*; import org.junit.runner.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.*; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.*; import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.*; import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*; import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.*; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @WebMvcTest(UserVehicleController.class) public class MyHtmlUnitTests { @Autowired private WebClient webClient; @MockBean private UserVehicleService userVehicleService; @Test public void testExample() throws Exception { given(this.userVehicleService.getVehicleDetails("sboot")) .willReturn(new VehicleDetails("Honda", "Civic")); HtmlPage page = this.webClient.getPage("/sboot/vehicle.html"); assertThat(page.getBody().getTextContent()).isEqualTo("Honda Civic"); } } ``` 在[附錄](http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.4.1.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#test-auto-configuration)中可以查看`@WebMvcTest`開啟的自動配置列表。
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