開發環境配置 · Mac OS之程序員

[TOC] # GIthub 上的項目 https://github.com/donnemartin/dev-setup 創建一個新的開發人員機器可以是一個特別的、手動的、耗時的過程。devsetup的目的是簡化過程，使用易于理解的指令和多文件/腳本實現以下步驟的自動化： OS X updates and Xcode Command Line Tools OS X defaults geared towards developers Developer tools：Vim, bash, tab completion, curl, git, GNU core utils, Python, Ruby, etc Developer apps： iTerm2, Sublime Text, Atom, VirtualBox, Vagrant, Docker, Chrome, etc Python data analysis： IPython Notebook, NumPy, Pandas, Scikit-Learn, Matplotlib, etc Big Data platforms：Spark (with IPython Notebook integration) and MapReduce Cloud services： Amazon Web Services (Boto, AWS CLI, S3cmd, etc) and Heroku Common data stores： MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis, and Elasticsearch Javascript web development：Node.js, JSHint, and Less Android development： Java, Android SDK, Android Studio, IntelliJ IDEA # Xcode 安裝管理 https://github.com/KrauseFx/xcode-install # Android 開發環境 ## android-platform-tools 1. Install adb ~~~ brew install android-platform-tools ~~~ 2. Start using adb ~~~ adb devices ~~~ ## Android-SDK-Manager http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html#mac-tools 參考：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31374085/installing-adb-on-macos 給二個靠譜的網址： 1. http://www.androiddevtools.cn/index.html 2. http://down.tech.sina.com.cn/page/45703.html 3. http://mac.softpedia.com/get/Developer-Tools/Google-Android-SDK.shtml 到這個面下載后，解壓到某個目錄。或者通過`brew install android-sdk` 安裝~，我好像安裝之后，調不出 sdk manager~，在以后研究。 [如何在mac本上安裝android sdk](https://www.cnblogs.com/yjmyzz/p/4219829.html) # Node Version Manager 官網：https://github.com/creationix/nvm ## 安裝 nvm ~~~ brew install nvm ~~~ 然后重啟終端。 ### nvm command not found! ~~~ mkdir ~/.nvm export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm" . "/usr/local/opt/nvm/nvm.sh" ~~~ ## 使用方法 1. 安裝指定node版本 ~~~ nvm install node #默認安裝最新版本。 nvm install 8.9.4 #命令后加版本號就可以進行安裝，字母v可以不寫 ~~~ 2. 查看當前使用的版本 ~~~ nvm current ~~~ 3. 切換指定版本，切換效果是全局的 ~~~ nvm use v7.9.0 ~~~ 4. 查看該系統已經安裝的版本，這個命令也能看到當前使用的是哪個版本 ~~~ nvm ls ~~~ ## 國內 npm 加速 [nrm](https://github.com/Pana/nrm) 是管理npm源切換的利器，簡單方便。 ~~~ npm i nrm -g #安裝 nrm nrm test #測試源的響應時間，可以作為使用哪個源的參考 nrm use cnpm # 使用 cnpm nrm ls #查看狀態 ~~~ # jEnv [jenv](https://github.com/gcuisinier/jenv#readme) 是一個專門用于配置 `JAVA_HOME` 環境變量工具（用來設置 `JAVA_HOME` 環境變量的）。你可以用它來管理 Mac 上的 Java 版本。查看本機當前已安裝 java 版本 ~~~shell /usr/libexec/java_home -V /usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8 ~~~ ## 安裝 jenv ~~~shell brew install jenv # 或者 git clone https://hub.fastgit.org/gcuisinier/jenv.git ~/.jenv ~~~ ## 配置 jenv Bash ~~~ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.jenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile echo 'eval "$(jenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile ~~~ Zsh ~~~ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.jenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc echo 'eval "$(jenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc ~~~ 如果已經添加但是仍沒有生效的話，可以試一下重新加載bash_profile ~~~ source ~/.bash_profile ~~~ ## 安裝 JDK Apple 已[發布公告](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/mac/releasenotes/General/rn-osx-10.11/index.html)，聲明 Mac OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) 將為最后一個支持 Java 6 的 OS X 發行版。現在 OS X 都不會自帶 JDK 了，所以需要 Oracle 網站上下載。 1. 手動下載： [JAVA SDK](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/index.html) 2. brew 安裝 java ```shell brew tap AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk # 下載 Jdk8 brew install --cask homebrew/cask-versions/adoptopenjdk8 # 或者 jdk15 brew cask install adoptopenjdk15 ``` **Mac 的 Java 默認會安裝到 `/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/` 路徑下**。接著配置 JAVA 多版本： > ??具體 jdk 目錄，可以切到 `/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/` 下查看！ ~~~ # 成功添加 jdk1.8 配置到 jEnv $ jenv add /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_162.jdk/Contents/Home/ oracle64-1.8.0.131 added 1.8.0.131 added 1.8 added # 添加 jdk9 $ jenv add /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-9.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home $ jenv default java 1.8 ~~~ 成功之后，運行 `echo $JAVA_HOME`，如果定位到了`/Users/chandlerver5/.jenv/candidates/java/current`，說明配置成功。 ## 列出管理的JDK ~~~ $ jenv versions * system (set by /Users/demo/.jenv/version) 1.7 1.7.0.45 1.8 1.8.0.131 oracle64-1.7.0.45 oracle64-1.8.0.131 ~~~ 看起來有點多，但其實就是1.7、1.8兩個版本的別名。 ## 使用Java版本配置全局Java版本 ~~~ $ jenv global 1.7 ~~~ 配置當前目錄的 Java 版本 ~~~ $ jenv local 1.8 ~~~ 這種方式會只改變當前所在目錄的 jdk 版本，可以通過如下命令取消 ~~~ $ jenv local --unset ~~~ 配置 shell 實例的版本 ~~~ jenv shell 1.8 ~~~ 這種配置方式，只會影響當前 shell 窗口。 ## 配置JVM Options ~~~ $ jenv global-options "-Xmx512m" ~~~ or ~~~ $ jenv local-options "-Xmx512m" ~~~ or ~~~ $ jenv shell-options "-Xmx512m" ~~~ # 卸載JDK ~~~ sudo rm -fr ~/Library/Application\ Support/Java sudo rm -rf /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk<version>.jdk sudo rm -rf /Library/PreferencePanes/JavaControlPanel.prefPane sudo rm -fr /Library/PreferencesPanes/JavaControlPanel.prefpane sudo rm -rf /Library/Internet\ Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin sudo rm -rf /Library/LaunchAgents/com.oracle.java.Java-Updater.plist sudo rm -rf /Library/PrivilegedHelperTools/com.oracle.java.JavaUpdateHelper sudo rm -rf /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.oracle.java.Helper-Tool.plist sudo rm -rf /Library/Preferences/com.oracle.java.Helper-Tool.plist ~~~ ## 系統自帶切換 [mac中不同jdk版本切換](https://www.jianshu.com/p/91bbb537fd52) # ~~jenv (他們網站關閉了)~~ （請注意該工具不同于 jEnv, 這是用來設置 `JAVA_HOME` 環境變量的，不但支持管理Java 多版本，還支持其他Java開發工具！） [jenv](https://github.com/linux-china/jenv) 支持 Windows、Mac 和 Linux – 可以輕松管理大量**基于 Java 開發的工具**的多個版本，如 Maven、Gradle 或者是 Tomcat 之類。目前已經支持超過 200 個不同的工具。安裝 jenv： ~~~ $ curl -L -s get.jenv.mvnsearch.org | bash ~~~ 接著配置 JAVA 多版本： > ??具體 jdk 目錄，可以切到 `/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/` 下查看！ ~~~ $ mkdir -p $HOME/.jenv/candidates/java $ ln -s /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_162.jdk/Contents/Home $HOME/.jenv/candidates/java/1.8 $ ln -s /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-9.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home $HOME/.jenv/candidates/java/9.0 $ jenv default java 1.8 ~~~ 查看jenv 支持的多個工具： ~~~ $ jenv all ~~~ 例如查看 `java` ，運行： ~~~ $ jenv list java ~~~ 如果你想安裝其中的 java 一個版本，會提示你去官網下載！ ~~~ $ jenv install java 1.8.0_77 Please visit http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/ and download dmg file. ~~~ 安裝其他的可以，也支持管理本地的已經安裝的工具，或是github上的源。 ~~~ $ jenv list maven $ jenv install maven 3.3.9 ~~~ 安裝成功之后，`mvn --version` 檢查安裝成功。更新jenv ~~~ $ jenv selfupdate ~~~ > [使用 Jenv 讓所有 Java 開發工具同時運行多個版本](https://coyee.com/article/12114-how-to-run-multiple-versions-of-all-your-dev-tools-with-jenv) # MySql 1. 安裝：搜索 mysql 版本 brew search mysql (若不更具需要選擇，會默認最新版本) ~~~ $ brew install mysql ~~~ 安裝成功后： ~~~ ==> Caveats We've installed your MySQL database without a root password. To secure it run: mysql_secure_installation MySQL is configured to only allow connections from localhost by default To connect run: mysql -uroot A "/etc/my.cnf" from another install may interfere with a Homebrew-built server starting up correctly. If you need to have this software first in your PATH run: echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc To have launchd start mysql now and restart at login: brew services start mysql Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run: mysql.server start ==> Summary ?? /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.0.12: 255 files, 233.0MB ~~~ 查看 mysql 信息： ~~~ brew info mysql ~~~ 2. 創建my.cnf配置文件 mysql 在新版中去掉了默認配置文件my.cnf如果需要可以手動創建。首先需要知道系統是按如下順序去找my.cnf： ~~~ i. /etc/my.cnf ii. /etc/mysql@5.7/my.cnf iii. /usr/local/etc/my.cnf iv. ~/.my.cnf ~~~ 所以就在 `/etc`下創建 `my.cnf` ~~~ $ sudo vim /etc/my.cnf ~~~ 配置文件內容如下： ~~~ # Example MySQL config file for medium systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with # other programs (such as a web server) # # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, see: # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] default-character-set=utf8 #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] character-set-server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8 port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M character-set-server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication log-bin=mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommended binlog_format=mixed # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) # # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - # the syntax is: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, # MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; # # where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and # <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). # # Example: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted #server-id = 2 # # The replication master for this slave - required #master-host = <hostname> # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required #master-user = <username> # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required #master-password = <password> # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 #master-port = <port> # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended #log-bin=mysql-bin # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates default-character-set=utf8 [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout ~~~ 3. 加入launchctl啟動控制 ~~~ $ mkdir -p ~/Library/LaunchAgents $ ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/mysql/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents $ find /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/ -name "homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" -exec cp {} ~/Library/LaunchAgents/ \; $ launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist # 取消啟動 # launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~~~ 4. 初始化 mysql ~~~ mysql_install_db ~~~ 5. 需要先啟動 mysql ，執行安全設置腳本,設置root賬號密碼 ~~~ mysql_secure_installation ~~~ 6. 最后測試一下登陸 ~~~ $ mysql -u root -p ~~~ # Python # nginx # tomcat ~~~ $ brew install tomcat ~~~ 安裝成功后： ~~~ ==> Caveats To have launchd start tomcat now and restart at login: brew services start tomcat Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run: catalina run ==> Summary ?? /usr/local/Cellar/tomcat/9.0.10: 626 files, 13.3MB, built in 11 seconds ~~~ 檢查是否安裝成功： ~~~ $ catalina -h ~~~ 運行tomcat： ~~~ $ catalina run ~~~ 正常是可以成功的了，訪問`http://localhost:8080` 看下是否出現Tomcat的網站。 webapp的根目錄(CATALINA_HOME)為:`/usr/local/Cellar/tomcat/9.0.10/libexec/webapps/ROOT/` # Tomcat catalina 就是Tomcat服務器使用的 Apache實現的servlet容器的名字。 Tomcat的核心分為3個部分: （1）Web容器---處理靜態頁面；（2）catalina --- 一個servlet容器-----處理servlet; （3）還有就是JSP容器，它就是把jsp頁面翻譯成一般的servlet。 catalina腳本啟動參數 ~~~ -help ：輸出命令行選項的摘要表 -nonaming ：在tomcat中停用JNDI -security ：啟用catalina.policy文件 debug ：以調試模式啟動tomcat embedded ：在嵌入模式中測試tomcat；應用程序服務器的開發者通常使用此選項 jpda start ： jpda 的調試方式啟動tomcat run ：啟動tomcat，但不會重定向標準輸出與錯誤 start ：啟動tomcat，并將標準輸出與錯誤送至tomcat的日志文件 stop ：停止tomcat version ：輸出tomcat的版本信息 ~~~ https://www.jb51.net/article/120665.htm https://blog.csdn.net/wild46cat/article/details/52412330 # [rbenv](https://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv) 人人都需要一個 Ruby 版本管理工具。rbenv 就是這樣一個輕量級工具，它可以通過 brew 安裝。安裝： ~~~ brew install rbenv ruby-build ~~~ 然后在`~/.zshrc`中加上rbenv插件。否則你需要手動添加`eval "$(rbenv init -)"`到`~/zshrc`或者`~/.zprofile`文件里。有時候項目會依賴一些奇怪的版本號，比如ruby-2.1.0，這個時候你需要 [rbenv-aliases](https://github.com/tpope/rbenv-aliases) 幫忙： ~~~ brew install rbenv-aliases ~~~ 替代品有 RVM、chruby。因為 RVM 不能通過 brew 安裝，并且安裝的時候會沒有節操的修改一堆文件，所以被我早早的棄用了。chruby 也是一個輕量級工具，而且可以完美的和 Oh My Zsh 集成在一起，我看到有些生產環境在用它。 ## Ruby 常用別名幾乎所有 Ruby 開發人員都會把`bi`作為bundle install的別名。 Oh My Zsh 提供builder插件，這個插件提供了一套別名，比如`bi`、`be`。同時還能讓你在運行一些常用 gem 的時候直接輸入`rspec`，不需要`be rspec`這樣了。具體包括哪些命令請[參考這里](https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/tree/master/plugins/bundler)。 Z shell 對于`[`和`]`符號有特殊的處理，所以在運行`rake task[parameter]`的時候會報錯，你需要改成`rake task\[parameter\]`或者`noglob rake task[parameter]`。然而 Oh My Zsh 已經看穿這一切，自帶的 rake 插件已經解決了這個問題：`brake task[parameter]`。添加插件的時候注意把`rake`放到`bundler`后面，例如這樣： ~~~ plugins=(git z sublime history rbenv bundler rake) ~~~