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                ??碼云GVP開源項目 12k star Uniapp+ElementUI 功能強大 支持多語言、二開方便! 廣告
                本系列所有文章可以在這里查看[http://blog.csdn.net/cloud_castle/article/category/2123873](http://blog.csdn.net/cloud_castle/article/category/2123873) 既然前面都是講的網絡,今天咱們趁熱打鐵,再來看一個Qt network的例程。 這個例子是Loopback Example(回送網絡例程),與之前所有例子都不同的是,在這個例子中是服務器接收客戶端數據,不要以為服務器總是發送數據的噢。 照例,看看介紹怎么說,第一時間了解這個例子里面有沒我們感興趣的東西呢 Demonstrates the client-server communication on a local host The example demonstrates how the clients and servers on a local host communicate with each other.一看我們就懂了,噢,這個是講本地網絡(Windows中為127.0.0.1)的~ 那這個本地網絡有什么用呢?想一想這個地址都是誰在訪問它?對了,本機的各個進程。那么實際中Loopback Address也是經常用在本地機進程間通信的,一旦該進程使用回送地址發送數據,這份數據回立刻被返回,而不進行任何網絡傳輸。當然,測試網絡軟件的過程中,我們也可以使用這個地址。 這個例子只有3個文件,main.cpp木有亮點,來看dialog.h: dialog.h: ~~~ #include <QDialog> #include <QTcpServer> #include <QTcpSocket> QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE class QDialogButtonBox; class QLabel; class QProgressBar; class QPushButton; class QTcpServer; class QTcpSocket; class QAction; QT_END_NAMESPACE class Dialog : public QDialog { Q_OBJECT public: Dialog(QWidget *parent = 0); public slots: void start(); void acceptConnection(); void startTransfer(); void updateServerProgress(); void updateClientProgress(qint64 numBytes); void displayError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError socketError); private: QProgressBar *clientProgressBar; QProgressBar *serverProgressBar; QLabel *clientStatusLabel; QLabel *serverStatusLabel; QPushButton *startButton; QPushButton *quitButton; QDialogButtonBox *buttonBox; QTcpServer tcpServer; // TcpServer是一個允許接收來訪的Tcp連接的類 QTcpSocket tcpClient; // QTcpSocket通過QABstractSocket由QIODevice派生,因此它可以使用QDataStream或QTextStream操作 QTcpSocket *tcpServerConnection; // 與Fortune Server不同,這個例子Server端的QTcpSocket對象聲明為了全局變量 int bytesToWrite; int bytesWritten; int bytesReceived; }; #endif ~~~ dialog.cpp: ~~~ #include <QtWidgets> #include <QtNetwork> #include "dialog.h" static const int TotalBytes = 50 * 1024 * 1024; // 50 MB static const int PayloadSize = 64 * 1024; // 64 KB Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent) : QDialog(parent) { clientProgressBar = new QProgressBar; clientStatusLabel = new QLabel(tr("Client ready")); serverProgressBar = new QProgressBar; serverStatusLabel = new QLabel(tr("Server ready")); startButton = new QPushButton(tr("&Start")); quitButton = new QPushButton(tr("&Quit")); buttonBox = new QDialogButtonBox; buttonBox->addButton(startButton, QDialogButtonBox::ActionRole); buttonBox->addButton(quitButton, QDialogButtonBox::RejectRole); connect(startButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(start())); connect(quitButton, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(close())); connect(&tcpServer, SIGNAL(newConnection()), // Server三大寶,Listen(),newConnection(),nextPendingConnection() this, SLOT(acceptConnection())); connect(&tcpClient, SIGNAL(connected()), this, SLOT(startTransfer())); // 建立起連接后開始發送數據 connect(&tcpClient, SIGNAL(bytesWritten(qint64)), // bytesWritten(qint 64)是繼承自QIODevice的一個信號。注意不是那個全局整型變量bytesWritten。。。但是如果把鼠標放在上面顯示的是int Dialog::bytesWritten,并且以紅色全局變量的顏色顯示。Qt Creator很誤導人啊,還是盡量不要這么命名吧。。。參數是觸發該信號的寫入數據量,這里就是64KB啦 this, SLOT(updateClientProgress(qint64))); connect(&tcpClient, SIGNAL(error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)), this, SLOT(displayError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError))); QVBoxLayout *mainLayout = new QVBoxLayout; mainLayout->addWidget(clientProgressBar); mainLayout->addWidget(clientStatusLabel); mainLayout->addWidget(serverProgressBar); mainLayout->addWidget(serverStatusLabel); mainLayout->addStretch(1); mainLayout->addSpacing(10); mainLayout->addWidget(buttonBox); setLayout(mainLayout); setWindowTitle(tr("Loopback")); } void Dialog::start() { startButton->setEnabled(false); #ifndef QT_NO_CURSOR <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">//</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(192, 192, 192);"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color:#008000;">原來在嵌入式Linux平臺下編譯經常會加上這個選項,否則屏幕上會出現鼠標。現在Qt5編安卓估計是默認加上了這個選項的</span></span> QApplication::setOverrideCursor(Qt::WaitCursor); // 意即如果沒有定義QT_NO_CURSON宏,則將鼠標重載為忙碌樣式。也就是說,默認設置的情況下,我們在嵌入式平 臺上看不到這個效果,但是在PC機上看的到 #endif bytesWritten = 0; // 已寫和已接收的字符數初始化 bytesReceived = 0; while (!tcpServer.isListening() && !tcpServer.listen()) { QMessageBox::StandardButton ret = QMessageBox::critical(this, tr("Loopback"), tr("Unable to start the test: %1.") .arg(tcpServer.errorString()), QMessageBox::Retry | QMessageBox::Cancel); if (ret == QMessageBox::Cancel) return; } serverStatusLabel->setText(tr("Listening")); clientStatusLabel->setText(tr("Connecting")); tcpClient.connectToHost(QHostAddress::LocalHost, tcpServer.serverPort()); // 客戶端連接到本地網絡,服務器端口 } void Dialog::acceptConnection() { tcpServerConnection = tcpServer.nextPendingConnection(); // 該函數將連接掛起,并返回對應該連接的QTcpSocket對象用于數據通信 connect(tcpServerConnection, SIGNAL(readyRead()), // 注意現在是服務器端在讀取數據,當服務器接收到新數據則更新服務器進度條 this, SLOT(updateServerProgress())); connect(tcpServerConnection, SIGNAL(error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)), this, SLOT(displayError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError))); serverStatusLabel->setText(tr("Accepted connection")); tcpServer.close(); // 連接已經被掛起,服務器可以停止偵聽 } void Dialog::startTransfer() { // called when the TCP client connected to the loopback server bytesToWrite = TotalBytes - (int)tcpClient.write(QByteArray(PayloadSize, '@')); // 一個'@'占1Byte,因此是64KB。而且使用qdebug()可以看到,這64KB并不是一 次寫入的。bytesToWrite得到剩余需寫入的數據量。這里沒有使用QDataStream因為回送網絡數據的準確性比較可靠。 clientStatusLabel->setText(tr("Connected")); } void Dialog::updateServerProgress() // 每次服務器讀取到數據則調用該槽函數 { bytesReceived += (int)tcpServerConnection->bytesAvailable(); tcpServerConnection->readAll(); serverProgressBar->setMaximum(TotalBytes); // 50MB的容量上限 serverProgressBar->setValue(bytesReceived); serverStatusLabel->setText(tr("Received %1MB") .arg(bytesReceived / (1024 * 1024))); if (bytesReceived == TotalBytes) { tcpServerConnection->close(); startButton->setEnabled(true); #ifndef QT_NO_CURSOR QApplication::restoreOverrideCursor(); // 數據全部接收完畢后恢復鼠標樣式 #endif } } void Dialog::updateClientProgress(qint64 numBytes) { // callen when the TCP client has written some bytes bytesWritten += (int)numBytes; // 記錄這次寫入的數據量 // only write more if not finished and when the Qt write buffer is below a certain size. if (bytesToWrite > 0 && tcpClient.bytesToWrite() <= 4*PayloadSize) bytesToWrite -= (int)tcpClient.write(QByteArray(qMin(bytesToWrite, PayloadSize), '@')); // 很簡練的語句。當剩余數據量小于64KB時就不要發64KB了。 clientProgressBar->setMaximum(TotalBytes); clientProgressBar->setValue(bytesWritten); clientStatusLabel->setText(tr("Sent %1MB") .arg(bytesWritten / (1024 * 1024))); } void Dialog::displayError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError socketError) { if (socketError == QTcpSocket::RemoteHostClosedError) return; QMessageBox::information(this, tr("Network error"), tr("The following error occurred: %1.") .arg(tcpClient.errorString())); tcpClient.close(); tcpServer.close(); clientProgressBar->reset(); serverProgressBar->reset(); clientStatusLabel->setText(tr("Client ready")); serverStatusLabel->setText(tr("Server ready")); startButton->setEnabled(true); #ifndef QT_NO_CURSOR QApplication::restoreOverrideCursor(); // 恢復鼠標樣式 #endif } ~~~ 好了,這個例子結構挺簡單的,但我們還有有必要將它的整個實現過程捋一捋。 首先是初始化,當我們按下start按鈕后,start()槽觸發,它開啟了tcpServer的listen()模式,當有客戶端連接該服務器時,tcpServer發射newConnection()信號,并創建了服務器端的QTcpServer對象tcpServerConnection(),同時在接收到有效數據時使用其readyRead()信號連接到Server端更新函數updateServer()。 反觀客戶端,當成功連接上服務器時,調用了槽函數startTransfer()。這個函數向設備寫入了64000個'@',注意并不是一次寫入完成的。且該函數只執行了一次。因為這次寫入,byteWritten(qint64)信號被觸發,所調用的槽函數updateClientProgress(qint64)記錄下了此次數據的寫入量,并再次寫入新的數據,而這次寫入又將觸發byteWritten(qint64)。。。如此循環。 服務器端就簡單了,在每次接收到有效數據后觸發readyRead()信號,調用updateServerProgress()記錄接收到的數據大小,最后在接收到的數據達到50M后關閉tcpServerConnection(注意tcpServer在創建tcpServerConnection后就已經關閉)。最后恢復鼠標形狀。
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