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                ### 前言 ? 由于前文介紹的《[散列表](http://blog.csdn.net/chenhanzhun/article/details/39578597)[hashtable](http://blog.csdn.net/chenhanzhun/article/details/39578597)》中,可以知道hash table在查找、刪除和插入節點是常數時間,優于RB-Tree紅黑樹,所以在SGI STL中提供了底層機制基于hash table的hash_set容器,hash_set和set類似,但是不同點是hash_set容器中的元素是沒有排序的,因為hash table沒有提供排序功能。本文源碼出自SGI STL的<stl_hash_set.h>文件。 ### hash_set容器源碼剖析 ~~~ #ifndef __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_HASH_SET_H #define __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_HASH_SET_H #include <concept_checks.h> __STL_BEGIN_NAMESPACE #if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__) && (_MIPS_SIM != _MIPS_SIM_ABI32) #pragma set woff 1174 #pragma set woff 1375 #endif //hash_set的底層是基于hash table的,hash table沒有提供排序,所以hash_set容器里面的內容是沒排序的 //hash_set和set一樣,鍵值和實值相同,并且鍵值是唯一的 // Forward declaration of equality operator; needed for friend declaration. //這里提供默認的參數,其中哈希函數在<stl_hash_fun.h>定義 //前面的博文也對哈希函數進行講解了 //http://blog.csdn.net/chenhanzhun/article/details/39584025 //用戶可自行制定 template <class _Value, class _HashFcn __STL_DEPENDENT_DEFAULT_TMPL(hash<_Value>), class _EqualKey __STL_DEPENDENT_DEFAULT_TMPL(equal_to<_Value>), class _Alloc = __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(_Value) > class hash_set; template <class _Value, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc> inline bool operator==(const hash_set<_Value,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs1, const hash_set<_Value,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs2); template <class _Value, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc> class hash_set { // requirements: __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Value, _Assignable); __STL_CLASS_UNARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_HashFcn, size_t, _Value); __STL_CLASS_BINARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_EqualKey, bool, _Value, _Value); private: //_Identity獲取value值,在hash_set中也是鍵值,_Identity<>定義在<stl_function.h> /* template <class _Arg, class _Result> struct unary_function { typedef _Arg argument_type; typedef _Result result_type; }; template <class _Tp> struct _Identity : public unary_function<_Tp,_Tp> { const _Tp& operator()(const _Tp& __x) const { return __x; } }; */ typedef hashtable<_Value, _Value, _HashFcn, _Identity<_Value>, _EqualKey, _Alloc> _Ht; _Ht _M_ht;//hash_set的底層機制是hash table public: //以下的內嵌類型均來時hash table typedef typename _Ht::key_type key_type; typedef typename _Ht::value_type value_type; typedef typename _Ht::hasher hasher; typedef typename _Ht::key_equal key_equal; typedef typename _Ht::size_type size_type; typedef typename _Ht::difference_type difference_type; // 注意: 不能修改hash table內部的元素,reference, pointer, iterator都為const typedef typename _Ht::const_pointer pointer; typedef typename _Ht::const_pointer const_pointer; typedef typename _Ht::const_reference reference; typedef typename _Ht::const_reference const_reference; typedef typename _Ht::const_iterator iterator; typedef typename _Ht::const_iterator const_iterator; typedef typename _Ht::allocator_type allocator_type; //返回hash函數 hasher hash_funct() const { return _M_ht.hash_funct(); } key_equal key_eq() const { return _M_ht.key_eq(); } allocator_type get_allocator() const { return _M_ht.get_allocator(); } public: //構造函數 //缺省情況使用大小為100,但是實際分配的空間大小為不小于100的最小素數 //只是空的hash_set,不存儲元素節點 hash_set() : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) {} //指定大小n的hash_set表 explicit hash_set(size_type __n) : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) {} //指定大小為n,且指定hash函數的hash_set hash_set(size_type __n, const hasher& __hf) : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type()) {} //指定大小為n,且指定hash函數和鍵值比較函數的hash_set hash_set(size_type __n, const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type()) : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a) {} #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES //以下hash_set的插入操作使用hash table的insert_unique插入 //不允許有相同的鍵值插入 //用某個范圍的元素初始化hash_set對象 //相當于把某個范圍[f,l)插入到空的hash_set template <class _InputIterator> hash_set(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l) : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }//調用hash table的插入函數 template <class _InputIterator> hash_set(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n) : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } template <class _InputIterator> hash_set(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n, const hasher& __hf) : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type()) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } template <class _InputIterator> hash_set(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n, const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type()) : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } #else hash_set(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l) : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } hash_set(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n) : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } hash_set(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n, const hasher& __hf) : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type()) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } hash_set(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n, const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type()) : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } hash_set(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l) : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } hash_set(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n) : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } hash_set(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n, const hasher& __hf) : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type()) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } hash_set(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n, const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type()) : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } #endif /*__STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */ public: //以下的函數操作只是調用hash table的成員函數 size_type size() const { return _M_ht.size(); } size_type max_size() const { return _M_ht.max_size(); } bool empty() const { return _M_ht.empty(); } void swap(hash_set& __hs) { _M_ht.swap(__hs._M_ht); } #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES template <class _Val, class _HF, class _EqK, class _Al> friend bool operator== (const hash_set<_Val, _HF, _EqK, _Al>&, const hash_set<_Val, _HF, _EqK, _Al>&); #else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */ friend bool __STD_QUALIFIER operator== __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const hash_set&, const hash_set&); #endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */ iterator begin() const { return _M_ht.begin(); } iterator end() const { return _M_ht.end(); } public: /* 插入元素 (1) pair<iterator,bool> insert ( const value_type& val ); (2) template <class InputIterator> void insert ( InputIterator first, InputIterator last ); */ //不允許有重復的鍵值 //返回pair第二個參數second若為true則插入成功 pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type& __obj) { //調用hash table的insert_unique()函數 pair<typename _Ht::iterator, bool> __p = _M_ht.insert_unique(__obj); return pair<iterator,bool>(__p.first, __p.second); } #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES template <class _InputIterator> void insert(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f,__l); } #else void insert(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l) { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f,__l); } void insert(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l) {_M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); } #endif /*__STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */ pair<iterator, bool> insert_noresize(const value_type& __obj) { pair<typename _Ht::iterator, bool> __p = _M_ht.insert_unique_noresize(__obj); return pair<iterator, bool>(__p.first, __p.second); } //查找鍵值對應的元素,并且返回該元素的節點位置 iterator find(const key_type& __key) const { return _M_ht.find(__key); } //返回鍵值為key的節點元素個數 size_type count(const key_type& __key) const { return _M_ht.count(__key); } //Returns the bounds of a range that includes all the elements that compare equal to k. //In hash_set containers, where keys are unique, the range will include one element at most. pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const key_type& __key) const { return _M_ht.equal_range(__key); } //擦除指定鍵值的元素,并返回擦除的個數 //因為鍵值唯一,則該鍵值的元素最多為1個 size_type erase(const key_type& __key) {return _M_ht.erase(__key); } //擦除指定位置的元素 void erase(iterator __it) { _M_ht.erase(__it); } //擦除指定范圍的元素 void erase(iterator __f, iterator __l) { _M_ht.erase(__f, __l); } //清除hash_set容器 void clear() { _M_ht.clear(); } public: //調整hash_set容器的容量 void resize(size_type __hint) { _M_ht.resize(__hint); } //Returns the number of buckets in the hash_set container. size_type bucket_count() const { return _M_ht.bucket_count(); } size_type max_bucket_count() const { return _M_ht.max_bucket_count(); } //Returns the number of elements in bucket n size_type elems_in_bucket(size_type __n) const { return _M_ht.elems_in_bucket(__n); }//返回指定桶子鍵值key中list鏈表的元素個數 }; template <class _Value, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc> inline bool operator==(const hash_set<_Value,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs1, const hash_set<_Value,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs2) { return __hs1._M_ht == __hs2._M_ht; } #ifdef __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER template <class _Value, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc> inline bool operator!=(const hash_set<_Value,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs1, const hash_set<_Value,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs2) { return !(__hs1 == __hs2); } //交換兩個hash_set容器的內容 template <class _Val, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc> inline void swap(hash_set<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs1, hash_set<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs2) { __hs1.swap(__hs2); } #endif /* __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER */ ~~~ 參考資料: 《STL源碼剖析》侯捷
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