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                ## 利用內插將字符串嵌入到另一個字符串中 雙引號("")字符串能夠內插其他變量。 ~~~ my $name = "Inigo Montoya"; my $relative = "father"; print "My name is $name, you killed my $relative"; ~~~ ## 非內插字符串 如果你不想要內插,那么使用單引號('')。 ~~~ print 'You may have won $1,000,000'; ~~~ 或者,你也可以轉義特殊字符(印記)。 ~~~ print "You may have won \$1,000,000"; ~~~ ## 在字符串中使用 Email 地址要小心 此 Email 地址并不是你想要的: ~~~ my $email = "andy@foo.com"; print $email; # Prints "andy.com" ~~~ 這里的問題是?_@foo_?作為數組被內插了。如果你打開了?`use warnings`,那么此類問題就很明顯了: ~~~ $ perl foo.pl Possible unintended interpolation of @foo in string at foo line 1. andy.com ~~~ 解決辦法是,要么使用非內插的引號: ~~~ my $email = 'andy@foo.com'; my $email = q{andy@foo.com}; ~~~ 要么轉義?_@_: ~~~ my $email = "andy\@foo.com"; ~~~ 好的著色代碼編輯器將幫助你防止此類問題。 ## 使用?`length()`?獲得字符串的長度 ~~~ my $str = "Chicago Perl Mongers"; print length( $str ); # 20 ~~~ ## 使用?`substr()`?提取字符串 `substr()`?能夠做各種字符串提取: ~~~ my $x = "Chicago Perl Mongers"; print substr( $x, 0, 4 ); # Chic print substr( $x, 13 ); # Mongers print substr( $x, -4 ); # gers ~~~ ## 關于字符串 vs. 數字不必擔心太多 不像其他語言,Perl 不知道字符串來自于數字。它將做最好的 DTRT。 ~~~ my $phone = "312-588-2300"; my $exchange = substr( $phone, 4, 3 ); # 588 print sqrt( $exchange ); # 24.2487113059643 ~~~ ## 利用?`++`?操作符自增非數字字符串 你能夠利用?`++`?來自增字符串。字符串`abc`自增后變成`abd`。 ~~~ $ cat foo.pl $a = 'abc'; $a = $a + 1; $b = 'abc'; $b += 1; $c = 'abc'; $c++; print join ", ", ( $a, $b, $c ); $ perl -l foo.pl 1, 1, abd ~~~ 注意:你必須使用?`++`?操作符。在上述示例中,字符串`abc`被轉換成?_0_,然后再自增。 ## 利用?`heredocs`?創建長字符串 Heredocs 允許連續文本,直到遇到下一個標記。使用內插,除非標記在單引號內。 ~~~ my $page = <<HERE; <html> <head><title>$title</title></head> <body>This is a page.</body> </html> HERE ~~~
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