[Subversion (SVN)](http://subversion.tigris.org/)?is a version control system designed to be the successor of CVS (Concurrent Versions System). The concept is similar to CVS, but many shortcomings where improved. See also the?[SVN book](http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.4/).
### Server setup
The initiation of the repository is fairly simple (here for example?`/home/svn/`?must exist):
#?svnadmin?create?--fs-type?fsfs?/home/svn/project1
Now the access to the repository is made possible with:
-
`file://`?Direct file system access with the svn client with. This requires local permissions on the file system.
-
`svn://`?or?`svn+ssh://`?Remote access with the svnserve server (also over SSH). This requires local permissions on the file system.
-
`http://`?Remote access with webdav using apache. No local users are necessary for this method.
Using the local file system, it is now possible to import and then check out an existing project. Unlike with CVS it is not necessary to cd into the project directory, simply give the full path:
#?svn?import?/project1/?file:///home/svn/project1/trunk?-m?'Initial?import'
#?svn?checkout?file:///home/svn/project1
The new directory "trunk" is only a convention, this is not required.
### Remote access with ssh
No special setup is required to access the repository via ssh, simply replace?`file://`?with?`svn+ssh/hostname`. For example:
#?svn?checkout?svn+ssh://hostname/home/svn/project1
As with the local file access, every user needs an ssh access to the server (with a local account) and also read/write access. This method might be suitable for a small group. All users could belong to a subversion group which owns the repository, for example:
#?groupadd?subversion
#?groupmod?-A?user1?subversion
#?chown?-R?root:subversion?/home/svn
#?chmod?-R?770?/home/svn
### Remote access with http (apache)
Remote access over http (https) is the only good solution for a larger user group. This method uses the apache authentication, not the local accounts. This is a typical but small apache configuration:
LoadModule?dav_module?????????modules/mod_dav.so
LoadModule?dav_svn_module?????modules/mod_dav_svn.so
LoadModule?authz_svn_module???modules/mod_authz_svn.so????#?Only?for?access?control
<Location?/svn>
??DAV?svn??#?any?"/svn/foo"?URL?will?map?to?a?repository?/home/svn/foo
??SVNParentPath?/home/svn
??AuthType?Basic
??AuthName?"Subversion?repository"
??AuthzSVNAccessFile?/etc/apache2/svn.acl
??AuthUserFile?/etc/apache2/svn-passwd
??Require?valid-user
</Location>
The apache server needs full access to the repository:
#?chown?-R?www:www?/home/svn
Create a user with htpasswd2:
#?htpasswd?-c?/etc/svn-passwd?user1??#?-c?creates?the?file
#### Access control svn.acl example
#?Default?it?read?access.?"*?="?would?be?default?no?access[/]
*?=?r
[groups]
project1-developers?=?joe,?jack,?jane#?Give?write?access?to?the?developers[project1:]
@project1-developers?=?rw
### SVN commands and usage
See also the?[Subversion Quick Reference Card](http://www.cs.put.poznan.pl/csobaniec/Papers/svn-refcard.pdf).?[Tortoise SVN](http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/)?is a nice Windows interface.
### Import
A new project, that is a directory with some files, is imported into the repository with the?`import`?command. Import is also used to add a directory with its content to an existing project.
#?svn?help?import????????????????????????????????#?Get?help?for?any?command????
#?Add?a?new?directory?(with?content)?into?the?src?dir?on?project1
#?svn?import?/project1/newdir?http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk/src?-m?'add?newdir'
### Typical SVN commands
#?svn?co?http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk??????#?Checkout?the?most?recent?version????
#?Tags?and?branches?are?created?by?copying
#?svn?mkdir?http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/???#?Create?the?tags?directory
#?svn?copy?-m?"Tag?rc1?rel."?http://host.url/svn/project1/trunk?\
?????????????????????????????http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/1.0rc1
#?svn?status?[--verbose]?????????????????????????#?Check?files?status?into?working?dir
#?svn?add?src/file.h?src/file.cpp????????????????#?Add?two?files
#?svn?commit?-m?'Added?new?class?file'???????????#?Commit?the?changes?with?a?message
#?svn?ls?http://host.url/svn/project1/tags/??????#?List?all?tags
#?svn?move?foo.c?bar.c???????????????????????????#?Move?(rename)?files
#?svn?delete?some_old_file???????????????????????#?Delete?files
