## 列出已安裝過的軟件包
#?rpm?-qa????????????????????????????#?列出已安裝過的軟件包(RH,?SuSE,?基于?RPM?的)
#?dpkg?-l????????????????????????????#?Debian,?Ubuntu
#?pkg_info???????????????????????????#?列出所有已安裝過的軟件包(FreeBSD)
#?pkg_info?-W?smbd???????????????????#?查看?smbd?安裝了那些軟件包(FreeBSD)
#?pkginfo????????????????????????????#?Solaris
## 添加/刪除軟件
前端界面：SuSE 為 yast2/yast，Red Hat 為 redhat-config-packages。
#?rpm?-i?pkgname.rpm?????????????????#?安裝軟件包(RH,?SuSE,?基于?RPM?的)
#?rpm?-e?pkgname?????????????????????#?刪除軟件包
### Debian
#?apt-get?update?????????????????????#?更新源列表
#?apt-get?install?emacs??????????????#?安裝?emacs?軟件包
#?dpkg?--remove?emacs????????????????#?刪除?emacs?軟件包
#?dpkg?-S?file???????????????????????#?查找擁有該?file?的軟件包
### Gentoo
Gentoo 使用 emerge 作為 "Portage" 軟件包管理系統的核心。
#?emerge?--sync??????????????????????#?同步更新本地?protage?樹
#?emerge?-u?packagename??????????????#?安裝或更新一個軟件包
#?emerge?-C?packagename??????????????#?刪除軟件包
#?revdep-rebuild?????????????????????#?修復依賴關系的缺失
### Solaris
<cdrom> 路徑通常為?`/cdrom/cdrom0`.
#?pkgadd?-d?<cdrom>/Solaris_9/Product?SUNWgtar
#?pkgadd?-d?SUNWgtar?????????????????#?添加下載的軟件包(先要?bunzip2)
#?pkgrm?SUNWgtar?????????????????????#?刪除軟件包
### FreeBSD
#?pkg_add?-r?rsync???????????????????#?獲取并安裝?rsync
#?pkg_delete?/var/db/pkg/rsync-xx????#?刪除?rsync?軟件包
可使用?`PACKAGESITE`?環境變量來設置哪里可以獲取軟件包。舉個例子：
#?export?PACKAGESITE=ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages/Latest/?
#?or?ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable/Latest/
### FreeBSD ports
Port 樹?`/usr/ports/`?是一個準備編譯和安裝的軟件集。可用?`portsnap`?工具來跟新 port。
#?portsnap?fetch?extract?????????????#?當第一次運行這個命令，會創建?port?樹
#?portsnap?fetch?update??????????????#?跟新?port?樹
#?cd?/usr/ports/net/rsync/???????????#?選擇軟件安裝目錄
#?make?install?distclean?????????????#?安裝并清理(也可看?man?ports)
#?make?package???????????????????????#?Make?一個二進制軟件包
## 庫路徑
由于復雜的依賴關系和運行時鏈接，程序難于分發或拷貝到其他系統。不過對于較少依賴關系的小程序，缺失的庫可被拷貝過去。運行時庫(即缺失的庫)可用?`ldd`?和?`ldconfig`?來檢查和管理。
#?ldd?/usr/bin/rsync?????????????????#?列出所有所需的運行時庫
#?ldconfig?-n?/path/to/libs/?????????#?添加一個路徑到共享庫目錄Add?a?path?to?the?shared?libraries?directories
#?ldconfig?-m?/path/to/libs/?????????#?FreeBSD
#?LD_LIBRARY_PATH????????????????????#?設置連接庫路徑的環境變量
