? ? Struts提供了國際化的功能，對于一個面向各國的系統來說，是非常有幫助的。只需要提供每個國家的語言資源包，配置后即可使用。 ? ? 下面來用一個登錄實例來演示一下Struts的國際化配置和顯示。 ? ? 創建一個login_i18n_exception的javaweb項目，引入Struts的所有jar包以及jstl.jar和standard.jar。登錄界面無非就是輸入用戶名，密碼，所以ActionForm中只需要設置2個屬性即可。 ~~~ package com.bjpowernode.struts; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; /** * 登錄ActionForm，負責收集表單數據 * 表單的數據必須和ActionForm的get,set一致 * @author Longxuan * */ @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class LoginActionForm extends ActionForm { private String username; private String password; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } } ~~~ ? ? 登錄時會驗證密碼是否正確，需要提供異常處理，本實例顯示2個異常：用戶名未找到，密碼錯誤。 ~~~ package com.bjpowernode.struts; /** * 密碼錯誤異常 * @author Longxuan * */ @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class PasswordErrorException extends RuntimeException { public PasswordErrorException() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public PasswordErrorException(String message) { super(message); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public PasswordErrorException(Throwable cause) { super(cause); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public PasswordErrorException(String message, Throwable cause) { super(message, cause); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public PasswordErrorException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) { super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } } package com.bjpowernode.struts; /** * 用戶未找到異常 * @author Longxuan * */ @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class UserNotFoundException extends RuntimeException { public UserNotFoundException() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public UserNotFoundException(String message) { super(message); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public UserNotFoundException(Throwable cause) { super(cause); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public UserNotFoundException(String message, Throwable cause) { super(message, cause); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public UserNotFoundException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) { super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } } ~~~ ? ? 提供用戶管理類，處理用戶的相關操作，這里主要處理用戶登錄： ~~~ package com.bjpowernode.struts; /** * 用戶管理類 * @author Longxuan * */ public class UserManager { /** * 簡單處理登錄邏輯 * @param username 用戶名 * @param password 密碼 */ public void login(String username,String password){ if(!"admin".equals(username)){ throw new UserNotFoundException(); } if(! "admin".equals(password)){ throw new PasswordErrorException(); } } } ~~~ ? ? 現在寫LoginAction的處理： ~~~ package com.bjpowernode.struts; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.struts.action.Action; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessage; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessages; /** * 登錄Action 負責取得表單數據，調用業務邏輯，返回轉向信息 * * @author Longxuan * */ public class LoginAction extends Action { @Override public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { //獲取數據 LoginActionForm laf = (LoginActionForm) form; String username = laf.getUsername(); String password = laf.getPassword(); UserManager userManager = new UserManager(); ActionMessages messages = new ActionMessages(); try { //用戶登錄 userManager.login(username, password); //獲取登錄成功的國際化消息 ActionMessage success= new ActionMessage("login.success",username); messages.add("login_success_1",success); //傳遞消息 this.saveMessages(request, messages); return mapping.findForward("success"); } catch (UserNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //獲取登錄成功的國際化消息 ActionMessage error = new ActionMessage("login.user.not.found",username); messages.add("login_error_1",error); //傳遞消息 this.saveErrors(request, messages); } catch (PasswordErrorException e) { e.printStackTrace(); //獲取登錄成功的國際化消息 ActionMessage error = new ActionMessage("login.user.password.error"); messages.add("login_error_2",error); //傳遞消息 this.saveErrors(request, messages); } return mapping.findForward("error"); } } ~~~ ? ? 來一個手動切換語言的類，方便演示： ~~~ package com.bjpowernode.struts; import java.util.Locale; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.struts.action.Action; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping; /** * 完成語言的手動切換 * @author Longxuan * */ public class ChangeLanguageAction extends Action { @Override public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { //獲取語言 String lang = request.getParameter("lang"); String[] split = lang.split("-"); //設置語言 Locale locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]); this.setLocale(request, locale); return mapping.findForward("login"); } } ~~~ ? ? 新建國際化信息文件：創建resource包，創建 英文語言包MessageBundle_en_US.properties，中文語言包MessageBundle_zh_CN.properties，默認語言包MessageBundle.properties 這3個語言包。具體內容如下： 英文語言包和默認語言包設置成一樣的： ~~~ # -- standard errors -- errors.header=<UL> errors.prefix=<font color="red"><LI> errors.suffix=</LI></font> errors.footer=</UL> login.form.field.username=User Name login.form.field.password=Password login.form.button.login=Login login.success={0},Login Succedd!! login.user.not.found=Use cant be found! Username=[{0}] login.user.password.error=Password Error! ~~~ 中文語言包： ~~~ # -- standard errors -- errors.header=<UL> errors.prefix=<font color="red"><LI> errors.suffix=</LI></font> errors.footer=</UL> login.form.field.username=\u7528\u6237\u540D login.form.field.password=\u5BC6\u7801 login.form.button.login=\u767B\u5F55 login.success={0}\uFF0C\u767B\u5F55\u6210\u529F\uFF01 login.user.not.found=\u7528\u6237\u672A\u627E\u5230\uFF0C\u7528\u6237\u540D\uFF1A\u3010{0}\u3011 login.user.password.error=\u5BC6\u7801\u9519\u8BEF ~~~ ? ? 把login.jsp源碼也貼出來： ~~~ <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030" pageEncoding="GB18030"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean" prefix="bean"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-html" prefix="html"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" prefix="fmt"%> <!-- ${sessionScope['org.apache.struts.action.LOCALE']}可以獲取到當前設置的語言 --> <fmt:setLocale value="${sessionScope['org.apache.struts.action.LOCALE']}" /> <fmt:setBundle basename="resource.MessageBundle" /> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>Struts登錄</title> </head> <body> <a href="changelang.do?lang=zh-cn">中文登錄</a>| <%--<a href="changelang.do?lang=en-us">English Login</a><br> <html:link action="changelang.do?lang=zh-cn">中文登錄</html:link>|--%> <html:link action="changelang.do?lang=en-us">English Login</html:link> <hr> <html:errors /> <hr> <h3> struts標簽讀取國際化文件 </h3> <form action="login.do" method="post"> <bean:message key="login.form.field.username" /> ： <input type="text" name="username" /> <br /> <bean:message key="login.form.field.password" /> ： <input type="text" name="password" /> <br /> <input type="submit" value="<bean:message key="login.form.button.login"/>" /> </form> <hr> <h3> jstl讀取國際化文件 </h3> <form action="login.do" method="post"> <fmt:message key="login.form.field.username" /> ： <input type="text" name="username" /> <br /> <fmt:message key="login.form.field.password" /> ： <input type="text" name="password" /> <br /> <input type="submit" value="<fmt:message key="login.form.button.login"/>" /> </form> </body> </html> ~~~ login_success.jsp: ~~~ <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030" pageEncoding="GB18030"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-html" prefix="html" %> <%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean" prefix="bean" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <!-- message 屬性設置為true，則讀取message中的消息，false，則讀取error中的消息。 saveMessages/saveErrors--> <html:messages id="msg" message="true"> <bean:write name="msg"/> </html:messages> </body> </html> ~~~ ? ? 最后的最后，在web.xml中配置一下struts： ~~~ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <servlet> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>detail</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app> ~~~ 在Struts-config.xml中配置action，actionform等信息： ~~~ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd"> <struts-config> <form-beans> <form-bean name="loginForm" type="com.bjpowernode.struts.LoginActionForm"></form-bean> </form-beans> <action-mappings> <action path="/login" type="com.bjpowernode.struts.LoginAction" name="loginForm" scope="request" > <forward name="success" path="/login_success.jsp"></forward> <!--<forward name="error" path="/login_error.jsp"></forward>--> <forward name="error" path="/login.jsp"></forward> </action> <action path="/changelang" type="com.bjpowernode.struts.ChangeLanguageAction" > <forward name="login" path="/login.jsp" redirect="true"></forward> </action> </action-mappings> <message-resources parameter="resource.MessageBundle"></message-resources> </struts-config> ~~~ ? ? 到此實例結束。點擊[這里](http://try09.tomcat.800m.net/struts_i18n_exception/)查看效果。也可以[下載源碼](http://pan.baidu.com/share/link?shareid=1174962433&uk=1259218556)。最后來2張效果圖吧。  ?