ionic 創建 APP · W3School Ionic 教程

# ionic 創建 APP 前面的章節中我們已經學會了 ionic 框架如何導入到項目中。接下來我們將為大家介紹如何創建一個 ionic APP 應用。 ionic 創建 APP 使用 HTML、CSS 和 Javascript 來構建，所以我們可以創建一個 www 目錄，并在目錄下創建 index.html 文件，代碼如下： ``` <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Todo</title> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no, width=device-width"> <link href="lib/ionic/css/ionic.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="lib/ionic/js/ionic.bundle.js"></script>  <script src="cordova.js"></script> </head> <body> </body> </html> ``` 以上代碼中，我們引入了 Ionic CSS 文件、 Ionic JS 文件及 Ionic AngularJS 擴展ionic.bundle.js（ionic.bundle.js）。 ionic.bundle.js 文件已經包含了 Ionic核心JS、AngularJS、Ionic的AngularJS擴展，如果你需要引入其他 Angular 模塊，可以從 lib/js/angular 目錄中調用。 cordova.js 是在使用 Cordova/PhoneGap 創建應用時生成的，不需要手動引入，你可以在 Cordova/PhoneGap 項目中找到該文件，所以在開發過程中顯示 404 是正常的。 ## 創建 APP 接下來我們來實現一個包含標題、側邊欄、列表等的應用,設計圖如下： ![](http://www.runoob.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/3-mockup.png) ### 創建側邊欄側邊欄創建使用 ion-side-menus 控制器。編輯我們先前創建的 index.html 文件，修改 <body> 內的內容，如下所示： ``` <body> <ion-side-menus> <ion-side-menu-content> </ion-side-menu-content> <ion-side-menu side="left"> </ion-side-menu> </ion-side-menus> </body> ``` 控制器解析： * **ion-side-menus：** 是一個帶有邊欄菜單的容器，可以通過點擊按鈕或者滑動屏幕來展開菜單。 * **ion-side-menu-content**：展示主要內容的容器，可以通過滑動屏幕來展開menu。 * **ion-side-menu**：存放側邊欄的容器。 ### 初始化 APP 接下來我們創建一個新的 AngularJS 模塊，并初始化，代碼位于 www/js/app.js 中： ``` angular.module('todo', ['ionic']) ``` 之后在我們的 body 標簽中添加 ng-app 屬性： ``` <body ng-app="todo"> ``` 在 index.html 文件的 <script src="cordova.js"></script> 上面引入 app.js 文件： ``` <script src="js/app.js"></script> ``` 修改 index.html 文件 body 標簽的內容，代碼如下所示： ``` <body ng-app="todo"> <ion-side-menus>  <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Todo</h1> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content>  <ion-side-menu side="left"> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Projects</h1> </ion-header-bar> </ion-side-menu> </ion-side-menus> </body> ``` 以上步驟我們已經完成了 ionic 基本 APP 的應用。 ## 創建列表首先創建一個控制器 **TodoCtrl**： ``` <body ng-app="todo" ng-controller="TodoCtrl"> ``` 在app.js文件中，使用控制器定義列表數據： ``` angular.module('todo', ['ionic']) .controller('TodoCtrl', function($scope) { $scope.tasks = [ { title: '菜鳥教程' }, { title: 'www.runoob.com' }, { title: '菜鳥教程' }, { title: 'www.runoob.com' } ]; }); ``` 在index.html頁面中數據列表我們使用 Angular ng-repeat 來迭代數據： ```  <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Todo</h1> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content>  <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="task in tasks"> {{task.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content> ``` 修改后 index.html body 標簽內代碼如下： ``` <body ng-app="todo" ng-controller="TodoCtrl"> <ion-side-menus>  <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Todo</h1> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content>  <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="task in tasks"> {{task.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content>  <ion-side-menu side="left"> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Projects</h1> </ion-header-bar> </ion-side-menu> </ion-side-menus> <script src="http://www.runoob.com/static/ionic/js/app.js"></script> <script src="cordova.js"></script> </body> ``` ## 創建添加頁面修改 index.html 在 **</ion-side-menus>** 后添加如下代碼: ``` <script id="new-task.html" type="text/ng-template"> <div class="modal">  <ion-header-bar class="bar-secondary"> <h1 class="title">New Task</h1> <button class="button button-clear button-positive" ng-click="closeNewTask()">Cancel</button> </ion-header-bar>  <ion-content> <form ng-submit="createTask(task)"> <div class="list"> <label class="item item-input"> <input type="text" placeholder="What do you need to do?" ng-model="task.title"> </label> </div> <div class="padding"> <button type="submit" class="button button-block button-positive">Create Task</button> </div> </form> </ion-content> </div> </script> ``` 以上代碼中我們通過 **<script id="new-task.html" type="text/ng-template">** 定義了新的模板頁面。表單提交時觸發 createTask(task) 函數。 ng-model="task.title" 會將表單的輸入數據賦值給 task 對象的 title 屬性。修改 **<ion-side-menu-content>** 內的內容，代碼如下： ```  <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Todo</h1>  <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="newTask()"> <i class="icon ion-compose"></i> </button> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content>  <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="task in tasks"> {{task.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content> ``` app.js 文件中，控制器代碼如下： ``` angular.module('todo', ['ionic']) .controller('TodoCtrl', function($scope, $ionicModal) { $scope.tasks = [ { title: '菜鳥教程' }, { title: 'www.runoob.com' }, { title: '菜鳥教程' }, { title: 'www.runoob.com' } ]; // 創建并載入模型 $ionicModal.fromTemplateUrl('new-task.html', function(modal) { $scope.taskModal = modal; }, { scope: $scope, animation: 'slide-in-up' }); // 表單提交時調用 $scope.createTask = function(task) { $scope.tasks.push({ title: task.title }); $scope.taskModal.hide(); task.title = ""; }; // 打開新增的模型 $scope.newTask = function() { $scope.taskModal.show(); }; // 關閉新增的模型 $scope.closeNewTask = function() { $scope.taskModal.hide(); }; }); ``` ## 創建側邊欄通過以上步驟我們已經實現了新增功能，現在我們為 app 添加側邊欄功能。修改 **<ion-side-menu-content>** 內的內容，代碼如下： ```  <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="toggleProjects()"> <i class="icon ion-navicon"></i> </button> <h1 class="title">{{activeProject.title}}</h1>  <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="newTask()"> <i class="icon ion-compose"></i> </button> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content scroll="false"> <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="task in activeProject.tasks"> {{task.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content> ``` 添加側邊欄： ```  <ion-side-menu side="left"> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Projects</h1> <button class="button button-icon ion-plus" ng-click="newProject()"> </button> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content scroll="false"> <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="project in projects" ng-click="selectProject(project, $index)" ng-class="{active: activeProject == project}"> {{project.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu> ``` <ion-item> 中的 ng-class 指令設置菜單激活樣式。這里我們創建一個新的js 文件 app2.js(為了不與前面的混淆)，代碼如下： ``` angular.module('todo', ['ionic']) /** * The Projects factory handles saving and loading projects * from local storage, and also lets us save and load the * last active project index. */ .factory('Projects', function() { return { all: function() { var projectString = window.localStorage['projects']; if(projectString) { return angular.fromJson(projectString); } return []; }, save: function(projects) { window.localStorage['projects'] = angular.toJson(projects); }, newProject: function(projectTitle) { // Add a new project return { title: projectTitle, tasks: [] }; }, getLastActiveIndex: function() { return parseInt(window.localStorage['lastActiveProject']) || 0; }, setLastActiveIndex: function(index) { window.localStorage['lastActiveProject'] = index; } } }) .controller('TodoCtrl', function($scope, $timeout, $ionicModal, Projects, $ionicSideMenuDelegate) { // A utility function for creating a new project // with the given projectTitle var createProject = function(projectTitle) { var newProject = Projects.newProject(projectTitle); $scope.projects.push(newProject); Projects.save($scope.projects); $scope.selectProject(newProject, $scope.projects.length-1); } // Load or initialize projects $scope.projects = Projects.all(); // Grab the last active, or the first project $scope.activeProject = $scope.projects[Projects.getLastActiveIndex()]; // Called to create a new project $scope.newProject = function() { var projectTitle = prompt('Project name'); if(projectTitle) { createProject(projectTitle); } }; // Called to select the given project $scope.selectProject = function(project, index) { $scope.activeProject = project; Projects.setLastActiveIndex(index); $ionicSideMenuDelegate.toggleLeft(false); }; // Create our modal $ionicModal.fromTemplateUrl('new-task.html', function(modal) { $scope.taskModal = modal; }, { scope: $scope }); $scope.createTask = function(task) { if(!$scope.activeProject || !task) { return; } $scope.activeProject.tasks.push({ title: task.title }); $scope.taskModal.hide(); // Inefficient, but save all the projects Projects.save($scope.projects); task.title = ""; }; $scope.newTask = function() { $scope.taskModal.show(); }; $scope.closeNewTask = function() { $scope.taskModal.hide(); } $scope.toggleProjects = function() { $ionicSideMenuDelegate.toggleLeft(); }; // Try to create the first project, make sure to defer // this by using $timeout so everything is initialized // properly $timeout(function() { if($scope.projects.length == 0) { while(true) { var projectTitle = prompt('Your first project title:'); if(projectTitle) { createProject(projectTitle); break; } } } }); }); ``` body 中 ion-side-menus 代碼如下：： ``` <ion-side-menus>  <ion-side-menu-content> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="toggleProjects()"> <i class="icon ion-navicon"></i> </button> <h1 class="title">{{activeProject.title}}</h1>  <button class="button button-icon" ng-click="newTask()"> <i class="icon ion-compose"></i> </button> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content scroll="false"> <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="task in activeProject.tasks"> {{task.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu-content>  <ion-side-menu side="left"> <ion-header-bar class="bar-dark"> <h1 class="title">Projects</h1> <button class="button button-icon ion-plus" ng-click="newProject()"> </button> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content scroll="false"> <ion-list> <ion-item ng-repeat="project in projects" ng-click="selectProject(project, $index)" ng-class="{active: activeProject == project}"> {{project.title}} </ion-item> </ion-list> </ion-content> </ion-side-menu> </ion-side-menus> ```