函數和操作符-一 · postgresql手冊

### [PostgreSQL學習手冊(函數和操作符<一>)](http://www.cnblogs.com/stephen-liu74/archive/2012/05/02/2294071.html) Posted on?2012-05-02 07:43?[Stephen_Liu](http://www.cnblogs.com/stephen-liu74/)?閱讀(1689) 評論(0)?[編輯](http://www.cnblogs.com/stephen-liu74/admin/EditPosts.aspx?postid=2294071)?[收藏](http://www.cnblogs.com/stephen-liu74/archive/2012/05/02/2294071.html#)?![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2015-10-30_5632e1b6d6c20.jpg) **一、邏輯操作符：** ??? 常用的邏輯操作符有：**AND**、**OR**和**NOT**。其語義與其它編程語言中的邏輯操作符完全相同。 **二、比較操作符：** ?? ?下面是PostgreSQL中提供的比較操作符列表：** ** | **操作符** | **描述** | |-----|-----| | < | 小于 | | > | 大于 | | <= | 小于或等于 | | >= | 大于或等于 | | = | 等于 | | != | 不等于 | ****????比較操作符可以用于所有可以比較的數據類型。所有比較操作符都是雙目操作符，且返回boolean類型。除了比較操作符以外，我們還可以使用BETWEEN語句，如： ?? ?a?**BETWEEN**?x?**AND**?y?等效于?a >= x?**AND**?a <= y?? ? ?? ?a?**NOT BETWEEN**?x?**AND**?y?等效于?a < x?**OR**?a > y **三、數學函數和操作符：** ?? ?下面是PostgreSQL中提供的數學操作符列表： | **操作符** | **描述** | **例子** | **結果** | |-----|-----|-----|-----| | + | 加 | 2 + 3 | 5 | | - | 減 | 2 - 3 | -1 | | * | 乘 | 2 * 3 | 6 | | / | 除 | 4 / 2 | 2 | | % | 模 | 5 % 4 | 1 | | ^ | 冪 | 2.0 ^ 3.0 | 8 | | |/ | 平方根 | |/ 25.0 | 5 | | ||/ | 立方根 | ||/ 27.0 | 3 | | ! | 階乘 | 5 ! | 120 | | !! | 階乘 | !! 5 | 120 | | @ | 絕對值 | @ -5.0 | 5 | | & | 按位AND | 91 & 15 | 11 | | | | 按位OR | 32 | 3 | 35 | | # | 按位XOR | 17 # 5 | 20 | | ~ | 按位NOT | ~1 | -2 | | << | 按位左移 | 1 << 4 | 16 | | >> | 按位右移 | 8 >> 2 | 2 | ??? 按位操作符只能用于整數類型，而其它的操作符可以用于全部數值數據類型。按位操作符還可以用于位串類型bit和bit varying， ??? 下面是PostgreSQL中提供的數學函數列表，需要說明的是，這些函數中有許多都存在多種形式，區別只是參數類型不同。除非特別指明，任何特定形式的函數都返回和它的參數相同的數據類型。 <table style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px auto; WIDTH: 650px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; HEIGHT: 573px; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; border-image: initial" border="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">函數</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">返回類型 </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">描述</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">例子? </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">結果</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">abs(x)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">絕對值</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">abs(-17.4)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">17.4</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">cbrt(double)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">立方根</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">cbrt(27.0)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">3</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">ceil(double/numeric)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">不小于參數的最小的整數</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">ceil(-42.8)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">-42</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">degrees(double)? </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">把弧度轉為角度</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">degrees(0.5)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">28.6478897565412</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">exp(double/numeric)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">自然指數</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">exp(1.0)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">2.71828182845905</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">floor(double/numeric)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">不大于參數的最大整數</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">floor(-42.8)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">-43</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">ln(double/numeric)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">自然對數</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">ln(2.0)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">0.693147180559945</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">log(double/numeric)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">10為底的對數</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">log(100.0)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">2</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">log(b numeric,x numeric)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">numeric指定底數的對數</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">log(2.0, 64.0)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">6.0000000000</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">mod(y, x)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">取余數</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">mod(9,4)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">1</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">pi()? </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">double</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">"π"常量</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">pi()? </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">3.14159265358979</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">power(a double, b double)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">double</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">求a的b次冪</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">power(9.0, 3.0)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">729</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">power(a numeric, b numeric)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">numeric</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">求a的b次冪</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">power(9.0, 3.0)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">729</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">radians(double)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">double</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">把角度轉為弧度</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">radians(45.0)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">0.785398163397448</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">random()</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">double</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">0.0到1.0之間的隨機數值</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">random()</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">round(double/numeric)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">圓整為最接近的整數</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">round(42.4)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">42</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">round(v numeric, s int)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">numeric</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">圓整為s位小數數字</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">round(42.438,2)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">42.44</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">sign(double/numeric)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">參數的符號(-1,0,+1)? </td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">sign(-8.4)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">-1</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">sqrt(double/numeric)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">平方根</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">sqrt(2.0)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">1.4142135623731</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">trunc(double/numeric)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">?</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">截斷(向零靠近)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">trunc(42.8)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">42</td></tr><tr><td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">trunc(v numeric, s int)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">numeric</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">截斷為s小數位置的數字</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">trunc(42.438,2)</td> <td style="BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; FONT-SIZE: 12px; WORD-BREAK: normal !important; BORDER-TOP: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(192,192,192) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 3px; border-image: initial">42.43</td></tr></tbody></table> **????**三角函數列表： | **函數** | **描述** | |-----|-----| | acos(x) | 反余弦 | | asin(x) | 反正弦 | | atan(x) | 反正切 | | atan2(x, y) | 正切 y/x 的反函數 | | cos(x) | 余弦 | | cot(x) | 余切 | | sin(x) | 正弦 | | tan(x) | 正切 | **四、字符串函數和操作符：** ?? ?下面是PostgreSQL中提供的字符串操作符列表： | **函數** | **返回類型** | **描述** | **例子** | **結果** | |-----|-----|-----|-----|-----| | string || string | text | 字串連接 | 'Post' || 'greSQL' | PostgreSQL | | bit_length(string) | int | 字串里二進制位的個數 | bit_length('jose') | 32 | | char_length(string) | int | 字串中的字符個數 | char_length('jose') | 4 | | convert(string using conversion_name) | text | 使用指定的轉換名字改變編碼。 | convert('PostgreSQL' using iso_8859_1_to_utf8) | 'PostgreSQL' | | lower(string) | text | 把字串轉化為小寫 | lower('TOM') | tom | | octet_length(string) | int | 字串中的字節數 | octet_length('jose') | 4 | | overlay(string placing string from int [for int]) | text | 替換子字串 | overlay('Txxxxas' placing 'hom' from 2 for 4) | Thomas | | position(substring in string) | int | 指定的子字串的位置 | position('om' in 'Thomas') | 3 | | substring(string [from int] [for int]) | text | 抽取子字串 | substring('Thomas' from 2 for 3) | hom | | substring(string from pattern) | text | 抽取匹配 POSIX 正則表達式的子字串 | substring('Thomas' from '...$') | mas | | substring(string from pattern for escape) | text | 抽取匹配SQL正則表達式的子字串 | substring('Thomas' from '%#"o_a#"_' for '#') | oma | | trim([leading | trailing | both] [characters] from string) | text | 從字串string的開頭/結尾/兩邊/ 刪除只包含characters(缺省是一個空白)的最長的字串 | trim(both 'x' from 'xTomxx') | Tom | | upper(string) | text | 把字串轉化為大寫。 | upper('tom') | TOM | | ascii(text) | int | 參數第一個字符的ASCII碼 | ascii('x') | 120 | | btrim(string text [, characters text]) | text | 從string開頭和結尾刪除只包含在characters里(缺省是空白)的字符的最長字串 | btrim('xyxtrimyyx','xy') | trim | | chr(int) | text | 給出ASCII碼的字符 | chr(65) | A | | convert(string text, [src_encoding name,] dest_encoding name) | text | 把字串轉換為dest_encoding | convert( 'text_in_utf8', 'UTF8', 'LATIN1') | 以ISO 8859-1編碼表示的text_in_utf8 | | initcap(text) | text | 把每個單詞的第一個子母轉為大寫，其它的保留小寫。單詞是一系列字母數字組成的字符，用非字母數字分隔。 | initcap('hi thomas') | Hi Thomas | | length(string text) | int | string中字符的數目 | length('jose') | 4 | | lpad(string text, length int [, fill text]) | text | 通過填充字符fill(缺省時為空白)，把string填充為長度length。如果string已經比length長則將其截斷(在右邊)。 | lpad('hi', 5, 'xy') | xyxhi | | ltrim(string text [, characters text]) | text | 從字串string的開頭刪除只包含characters(缺省是一個空白)的最長的字串。 | ltrim('zzzytrim','xyz') | trim | | md5(string text) | text | 計算給出string的MD5散列，以十六進制返回結果。 | md5('abc') | ? | | repeat(string text, number int) | text | 重復string number次。 | repeat('Pg', 4) | PgPgPgPg | | replace(string text, from text, to text) | text | 把字串string里出現地所有子字串from替換成子字串to。 | replace('abcdefabcdef', 'cd', 'XX') | abXXefabXXef | | rpad(string text, length int [, fill text]) | text | 通過填充字符fill(缺省時為空白)，把string填充為長度length。如果string已經比length長則將其截斷。 | rpad('hi', 5, 'xy') | hixyx | | rtrim(string text [, character text]) | text | 從字串string的結尾刪除只包含character(缺省是個空白)的最長的字 | rtrim('trimxxxx','x') | trim | | split_part(string text, delimiter text, field int) | text | 根據delimiter分隔string返回生成的第field個子字串(1 Base)。 | split_part('abc~@~def~@~ghi', '~@~', 2) | def | | strpos(string, substring) | text | 聲明的子字串的位置。 | strpos('high','ig') | 2 | | substr(string, from [, count]) | text | 抽取子字串。 | substr('alphabet', 3, 2) | ph | | to_ascii(text [, encoding]) | text | 把text從其它編碼轉換為ASCII。 | to_ascii('Karel') | Karel | | to_hex(number int/bigint) | text | 把number轉換成其對應地十六進制表現形式。 | to_hex(9223372036854775807) | 7fffffffffffffff | | translate(string text, from text, to text) | text | 把在string中包含的任何匹配from中的字符的字符轉化為對應的在to中的字符。 | translate('12345', '14', 'ax') | a23x5 | **五、位串函數和操作符：** ??? 對于類型bit和bit varying，除了常用的比較操作符之外，還可以使用以下列表中由PostgreSQL提供的位串函數和操作符，其中&、|和#的位串操作數必須等長。在移位的時候，保留原始的位串的的長度。 | **操作符** | **描述** | **例子** | **結果** | |-----|-----|-----|-----| | || | 連接 | B'10001' || B'011' | 10001011 | | & | 按位AND | B'10001' & B'01101' | 00001 | | | | 按位OR | B'10001' | B'01101' | 11101 | | # | 按位XOR | B'10001' # B'01101' | 11100 | | ~ | 按位NOT | ~ B'10001' | 01110 | | << | 按位左移 | B'10001' << 3 | 01000 | | >> | 按位右移 | B'10001' >> 2 | 00100 | ??? 除了以上列表中提及的操作符之外，位串還可以使用字符串函數：length， bit_length， octet_length， position， substring。此外，我們還可以在整數和bit之間來回轉換，如： ???*?MyTest=# SELECT 44::bit(10);* ?? ???? bit ?? ?------------ ?? ? 0000101100 ?? ?(1 row) ???*?MyTest=# SELECT 44::bit(3);* ?? ? bit ?? ?----- ?? ? 100 ?? ?(1 row) ?? ?*MyTest=# SELECT cast(-44 as bit(12));* ?? ????? bit ?? ?-------------- ?? ? 111111010100 ?? ?(1 row) ?? ?*MyTest=# SELECT '1110'::bit(4)::integer;* ?? ? int4 ?? ?------ ?? ??? 14 ?? ?(1 row) ?? ?注意：如果只是轉換為"bit"，意思是轉換成bit(1)，因此只會轉換成整數的最低位。 ????*該博客中提供的所有信息均源自PostgreSQL官方文檔，編寫該篇博客的主要目的是便于今后的查閱，特此聲明。* 分類:?[PostgreSQL](http://www.cnblogs.com/stephen-liu74/category/343171.html)