**一. 題目描述**
Implement wildcard pattern matching with support for ‘?’ and ‘*’.
‘?’ Matches any single character. ‘*’ Matches any sequence of characters (including the empty sequence).
The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial).
The function prototype should be:?
bool isMatch(const char *s, const char *p)
Some examples:
~~~
isMatch("aa","a") → false
isMatch("aa","aa") → true
isMatch("aaa","aa") → false
isMatch("aa", "*") → true
isMatch("aa", "a*") → true
isMatch("ab", "?*") → true
isMatch("aab", "c*a*b") → false
~~~
**二. 題目分析**
題目的大意是,給出兩串字符串`s`和`p`,規定符號`?`能匹配任意單個字符,`*`能匹配任意字符序列(包括空字符序列)。如果兩串字符串完全匹配則返回`true`。
該題的難點主要在于出現`*`時的匹配操作。和網上大多數做法相似,一開始使用遞歸完成,結果總是超時。后來使用幾個變量用于記錄遇到`p`中的`*`時的下標,每次遇到一個`*`,就保留住當前字符串`s`和`p`的下標,然后s從當前下標往后掃描,如果不匹配,則s的下標加一,重復掃描。
**三. 示例代碼**
~~~
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Solution {
public:
bool isMatch(string s, string p) {
int s_size = s.size();
int p_size = p.size();
int s_index = 0, p_index = 0;
int temp_s_index = -1, temp_p_index = -1;
while (s_index < s_size)
{
if (p[p_index] == '?' || p[p_index] == s[s_index])
{
++p_index;
++s_index;
continue;
}
if (p[p_index] == '*')
{
temp_p_index = p_index;
temp_s_index = s_index;
++p_index;
continue;
}
if (temp_p_index >= 0)
{
// 字符串p可能有多個*,因此只要出現過*,則需要更新當前匹配的下標
p_index = temp_p_index + 1;
s_index = temp_s_index + 1;
// 當前坐標s與p不匹配,則s的坐標在原基礎上加一,繼續循環
++temp_s_index;
continue;
}
return false;
}
while (p[p_index] == '*') ++p_index;
return p_index == p_size;
}
};
~~~
**四. 小結**
這種題目一般遞歸的思路還是首選,但遞歸的最大缺點就是耗時。該題若使用動態規劃也可以解決,但是未必能達到以上方法的
- 前言
- 2Sum
- 3Sum
- 4Sum
- 3Sum Closest
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array II
- Search in Rotated Sorted Array
- Remove Element
- Merge Sorted Array
- Add Binary
- Valid Palindrome
- Permutation Sequence
- Single Number
- Single Number II
- Gray Code(2016騰訊軟件開發筆試題)
- Valid Sudoku
- Rotate Image
- Power of two
- Plus One
- Gas Station
- Set Matrix Zeroes
- Count and Say
- Climbing Stairs(斐波那契數列問題)
- Remove Nth Node From End of List
- Linked List Cycle
- Linked List Cycle 2
- Integer to Roman
- Roman to Integer
- Valid Parentheses
- Reorder List
- Path Sum
- Simplify Path
- Trapping Rain Water
- Path Sum II
- Factorial Trailing Zeroes
- Sudoku Solver
- Isomorphic Strings
- String to Integer (atoi)
- Largest Rectangle in Histogram
- Binary Tree Preorder Traversal
- Evaluate Reverse Polish Notation(逆波蘭式的計算)
- Maximum Depth of Binary Tree
- Minimum Depth of Binary Tree
- Longest Common Prefix
- Recover Binary Search Tree
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
- Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal
- Sum Root to Leaf Numbers
- Anagrams
- Unique Paths
- Unique Paths II
- Triangle
- Maximum Subarray(最大子串和問題)
- House Robber
- House Robber II
- Happy Number
- Interlaving String
- Minimum Path Sum
- Edit Distance
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock IV
- Decode Ways
- N-Queens
- N-Queens II
- Restore IP Addresses
- Combination Sum
- Combination Sum II
- Combination Sum III
- Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal
- Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal
- Longest Consecutive Sequence
- Word Search
- Word Search II
- Word Ladder
- Spiral Matrix
- Jump Game
- Jump Game II
- Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters
- First Missing Positive
- Sort Colors
- Search for a Range
- First Bad Version
- Search Insert Position
- Wildcard Matching