selenium 實戰一_初戰 · Selenium自動化測試python篇

>[info]根據前面章節的學習，這里開始編寫自己的第一個自動化用例 > ## 實戰要求：用例一： * 打開移動端網站 `http://a.4399en.com/` * 登錄,賬號/密碼為是： `gfc@qq.com`/`123456` * 登錄后，斷言是否已經處于登錄狀態 * 關閉瀏覽器用例二： * 打開移動端網站 `http://a.4399en.com/` * 登錄,賬號/密碼為是： `gfc@123.com`/`123456` * 斷言是否彈窗提示“User does not exist!” * 關閉彈窗 * 關閉瀏覽器 ## 或許，有些朋友會寫成像以下這樣用例一，編寫腳本 `login_success.py` ```python #!/usr/bin/python # coding=utf-8 from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC import time # 創建Chrome驅動實例,這里創建driver時，傳入chrome_options參數，告訴服務器，我是用移動端瀏覽器訪問的。 options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument('User-Agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.2; en-us; Galaxy Nexus Build/ICL53F) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30') driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options) # 設置瀏覽器大小，讓它看起來跟手機的樣式差不多。 driver.set_window_size("380", "680") # 設置一個全局的等待超時時間 10s driver.implicitly_wait(10) # 打開首頁 driver.get("http://a.4399en.com/") # 點擊右上角登錄按鈕打開登錄窗口 driver.find_element_by_class_name("CNlogin").click() # 在用戶名輸入框中輸入正確的用戶名 wait = WebDriverWait(driver,20,0.5) account = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID,"modify-account"))) # account = driver.find_element_by_id("modify-account") account.clear() account.send_keys("gfc@qq.com") # 在密碼輸入框中輸入正確的密碼 password = driver.find_element_by_id("modify-password") password.clear() password.send_keys("123456") # 點擊登錄按鈕 driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@type='submit'][@value='Login']").click() # 休息3s time.sleep(3) # 斷言頁面已經登錄，已經登錄的頁面中，會顯示用戶賬號信息。 assert "gfc@qq.com" in driver.page_source # 關閉瀏覽器 driver.quit() ``` 用例二，編寫腳本 `login_fail.py`: ```python #!/usr/bin/python # coding=utf-8 from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC import time # 創建Chrome驅動實例,這里創建driver時，傳入chrome_options參數，告訴服務器，我是用移動端瀏覽器訪問的。 options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument('User-Agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.2; en-us; Galaxy Nexus Build/ICL53F) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30') driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options) # 設置瀏覽器大小，讓它看起來跟手機的樣式差不多。 driver.set_window_size("380", "680") # 設置一個全局的等待超時時間 10s driver.implicitly_wait(10) # 打開首頁 driver.get("http://a.4399en.com/") # 點擊右上角登錄按鈕打開登錄窗口 driver.find_element_by_class_name("CNlogin").click() # 在用戶名輸入框中輸入正確的用戶名 wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 20, 0.5) account = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "modify-account"))) # account = driver.find_element_by_id("modify-account") account.clear() account.send_keys("gfc@123.com") # 在密碼輸入框中輸入正確的密碼 password = driver.find_element_by_id("modify-password") password.clear() password.send_keys("123456") # 點擊登錄按鈕 driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@type='submit'][@value='Login']").click() # 休息3s time.sleep(3) # 切換到彈窗窗口 alert = driver.switch_to.alert # 斷言頁面是否有彈窗，彈窗信息為"User does not exist!" assert "User does not exist!" in alert.text # 確定彈窗 alert.accept() # 關閉瀏覽器 driver.quit() ``` 然后分別去運行`login_success.py` 和 `login_fail.py`。 ## 你有沒有覺得，這樣子很挫？ * 代碼中寫死了測試數據，如何換個賬號，要修改用例代碼？ * 代碼中寫死了頁面元素定位信息，如果多個位置定位相同的元素，一旦元素定位信息發生改變，是不是需要到處去修改？ * 沒有用例組織，一個用例一個文件，很多代碼冗余。 * 缺少用例報告。如果你也意識到這些問題，那么請繼續往下看，后面的章節會告訴你如何去優化這個實戰的代碼。 <hr style="margin-top:50px"> <section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 40px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 5px;border-style: double;border-color: rgb(23, 22, 24);padding: 10px;border-radius: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);font-size: 11px;margin: -50px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 7em;height: 7em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 4px;border-style: double;border-color: rgb(23, 22, 24);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://pav7h2emv.bkt.clouddn.com/FnD-fHkNDLN1-b02XmnMvsz6ld-n");"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.6012024" data-w="499" data-src="http://pav7h2emv.bkt.clouddn.com/FnD-fHkNDLN1-b02XmnMvsz6ld-n" style="opacity: 0; 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