selenium 實戰二_PO代碼重構 · Selenium自動化測試python篇

[TOC] ## 重構頁面類 ### PO（Page Objects）設計模式 PO設計模式，旨在為每個待測網頁創建一個對象。通過這樣的設計，**將業務邏輯代碼與測試代碼分離** 。其中業務邏輯都封裝在頁面類中。根據這個設計思路，我們可將頁面登錄過程定義在登錄頁面類方法中。在測試代碼中，直接引用登錄頁面類中的登錄方法，即可完成登錄操作。編寫一個`page.py` 模塊，其中定義一個基類與登錄頁面類 ```python #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC class BasePage(object): """ 定義所有頁面類的基類 """ def __init__(self, driver): self.driver = driver def get_source(self): """ 獲取頁面源碼 :return: """ return self.driver.page_source def accept_alert(self): """ 切換到alert窗口，并且點擊確定 :return: 返回alert信息 """ wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10, 0.5) wait.until(EC.alert_is_present()) alert = self.driver.switch_to.alert return alert class LoginPage(BasePage): """ 登錄頁面類 """ # 定義第一個待測頁面 url = "http://a.4399en.com/" def login(self, user, pwd): # 打開首頁 self.driver.get(LoginPage.url) # 點擊右上角登錄按鈕打開登錄窗口 self.driver.find_element_by_class_name("CNlogin").click() # 輸入用戶名 wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 20, 0.5) account = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "modify-account"))) account.clear() account.send_keys(user) # 輸入密碼 password = self.driver.find_element_by_id("modify-password") password.clear() password.send_keys(pwd) # 點擊登錄按鈕 self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@type='submit'][@value='Login']").click() if __name__ == '__main__': from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument('User-Agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.2; en-us; Galaxy Nexus Build/ICL53F) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30') driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options) login_page = LoginPage(driver) login_page.login("gfc@qq.com", "123456") ``` 主要關注`BasePage`和`LoginPage`這兩個類的代碼。` if __name__ == '__main__'` 中的代碼不是非必要的，主要是調試當前頁面類的代碼，不會在其他模塊調用時運行。 ## 重構測試代碼 ### 使用pytest測試框架來組織用例 >[warning]如果你還不懂得如何使用pytest測試框架，請先閱讀我的另外一本python入門書中的測試框架《[接口測試框架](http://www.hmoore.net/guanfuchang/python_start/703690)》下面直接演示我的例子：首先，定義公共的fixture，新建一個fixture文件`conftest.py`: ```python #!/usr/bin/python #coding=utf-8 from selenium import webdriver import pytest @pytest.fixture() def get_driver(): # 創建Chrome驅動實例,這里創建driver時，傳入chrome_options參數，告訴服務器，我是用移動端瀏覽器訪問的。 options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument('User-Agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.0.2; en-us; Galaxy Nexus Build/ICL53F) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/534.30') driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options) # 設置瀏覽器大小，讓它看起來跟手機的樣式差不多。 driver.set_window_size("380", "680") # 設置一個全局的等待超時時間 10s driver.implicitly_wait(10) yield driver driver.quit() ``` 我為什么會將fixture抽離出來，放到公共文件中呢？那是因為考慮到一個項目，后續會有很多測試類，會在各個測試類中共用fixture。下面以前面的登錄測試類為例，新建一個測試文件`test_login.py`: ```python #!/usr/bin/python #coding=utf-8 import pytest from page import LoginPage class TestLogin(object): def test_login_succss(self, get_driver): """登錄成功用例""" login_page = LoginPage(get_driver) login_page.login("gfc@qq.com","123456") assert "gfc@qq.com" in login_page.get_source() def test_login_fail(self, get_driver): """登錄失敗用例""" login_page = LoginPage(get_driver) login_page.login("gfc@123.com","123456") alert = login_page.accept_alert() assert "User does not exist!" in alert.text if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main() ``` 運行效果如 ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/5f2d4e1b0bbe8546be0c58e9fbcb443c_936x772.gif) ## 思考優化點 * 元素定位與頁面類分離 * 測試數據與測試代碼分離 * 輸出優美的測試報告很多書籍會建議我們將元素定位與頁面分離，但是以我初學者的角度，我認為這一步不用那么著急著做，直接定義在頁面類中，在開發和調試時，，會更加便捷。繼續關注下一章，測試代碼與Allure結合，生成優美的測試報告。 <hr style="margin-top:50px"> <section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 40px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 5px;border-style: double;border-color: rgb(23, 22, 24);padding: 10px;border-radius: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);font-size: 11px;margin: -50px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 7em;height: 7em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 4px;border-style: double;border-color: rgb(23, 22, 24);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://pav7h2emv.bkt.clouddn.com/FnD-fHkNDLN1-b02XmnMvsz6ld-n");"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.6012024" data-w="499" data-src="http://pav7h2emv.bkt.clouddn.com/FnD-fHkNDLN1-b02XmnMvsz6ld-n" style="opacity: 0; 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