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                # emdebian根文件系統 如果想要更接近桌面系統的根文件系統,emdebian是不二之選。 emdebian也是深度可定制,大小從不到100M到上G均可配置。 但這個大小基本上無法使用spi flash了,只能使用tf卡或者emmc。 優點是有包管理系統,可以直接apt-get install來安裝新軟件包。 ## 環境搭建 0. 安裝依賴包 ~~~ sudo apt-get install multistrap qemu qemu-user-static binfmt-support dpkg-cross ~~~ 1. 建立工作目錄: ~~~ mkdir emdebian cd emdebian mkdir mindb cd mindb ~~~ 2. 編輯multistrap_mindb.conf配置文件,示例如下: 具體語法請參考:https://wiki.debian.org/Multistrap 這里使用了較快的清華大學的鏡像站,身在國外的朋友可以視情況更改。 ~~~ [General] directory=target-rootfs cleanup=true noauth=true unpack=true debootstrap=Debian Net Utils aptsources=Debian [Debian] packages=apt kmod lsof source=http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian/ keyring=debian-archive-keyring suite=stretch components=main contrib non-free [Net] #Basic packages to enable the networking packages=netbase net-tools ethtool udev iproute iputils-ping ifupdown isc-dhcp-client ssh source=http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian/ [Utils] #General purpose utilities packages=locales adduser vim less wget dialog usbutils source=http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian/ ~~~ 3. 創建根文件系統 `sudo multistrap -a armhf -f multistrap_mindb.conf` 執行完成后,target-rootfs即是所需的根文件系統。 4. 配置軟件包 使用QEMU來配置軟件包,將target-rootfs作為root掛載來操作。 ~~~ sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static target-rootfs/usr/bin sudo mount -o bind /dev/ target-rootfs/dev/ sudo LC_ALL=C LANGUAGE=C LANG=C chroot target-rootfs dpkg --configure -a #這里就可以模擬板子情況執行相關命令,比如安裝額外的軟件包 sudo umount target-rootfs/dev/ #最后記得卸載 ~~~ 其中出現選擇系統shell的提示框,選否,即不使用dash。 5. 做最后的一些配置 #!/bin/sh #Directory contains the target rootfs TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR="target-rootfs" #Board hostname filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/hostname echo acqua > $filename #Default name servers filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/resolv.conf echo nameserver 8.8.8.8 > $filename echo nameserver 8.8.4.4 >> $filename #Default network interfaces filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/network/interfaces echo auto eth0 >> $filename echo allow-hotplug eth0 >> $filename echo iface eth0 inet dhcp >> $filename #eth0 MAC address echo hwaddress ether 00:04:25:12:34:56 >> $filename #Set the the debug port filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/inittab echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 115200 vt100 >> $filename #Set rules to change wlan dongles filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules echo SUBSYSTEM=='"net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="*", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="wlan*", NAME="wlan0"' > $filename #microSD partitions mounting filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/fstab echo /dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot vfat noatime 0 1 > $filename echo /dev/mmcblk0p2 / ext4 noatime 0 1 >> $filename echo proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 >> $filename #Add the standard Debian non-free repositories useful to load #closed source firmware (i.e. WiFi dongle firmware) filename=$TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR/etc/apt/sources.list echo deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free > $filename 6. 設置密碼和其它操作 sudo chroot target-rootfs passwd sudo LC_ALL=C LANGUAGE=C LANG=C chroot target-rootfs apt-get install packagename 修改 target-rootfs/etc/ssh/sshd_config來使能root登錄 PermitRootLogin yes
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