移植QT5.9.1 · 荔枝派Zero指南

# 移植QT5.9.1 移植完成tslib之后，就可以進行QT本體的移植了，目前最新版本為5.9.1. 注意QT本體編譯時間較長，筆記本上會耗時2~3小時，我使用的32線程服務器的編譯時間為9分鐘左右。 ## 下載QT5.9.1 ~~~ wget http://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/5.9/5.9.1/single/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.9.1.tar.xz tar xf qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.9.1.tar.xz #這里解壓也需要30s左右，別以為死機了。。 cd qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.9.1 ./configure --help >help.txt #QT的配置較為復雜，進來先看看幫助文檔，在本節最后附錄里有翻譯 ~~~ 一般來說，我們需要編譯主機和目標板兩個版本的qt：主機版可以用于前期的gui的設計調試；目標板用于實際產品的驗證。 ## 編譯X11版本主機版一般是X11，配置如下： cfg_X11.sh ~~~ #!/bin/bash ./configure -prefix /opt/qt-5.9.1-x11 -opensource -make tools #安裝位置，開源版本，編譯qt工具（makeqpf,qtconfig） make -j32 sudo make install ~~~ 運行該腳本，首次配置用時1分鐘左右。編譯一次參考時間： ~~~ real 9m17.309s user 206m59.052s sys 17m30.300s ~~~ 所以單核虛擬機編譯需要三小時左右。編譯完成后install也需要1分鐘左右。安裝完成后在/opt/qt-5.9.1-x11下可見安裝的文件。 ## 交叉編譯arm版本注意，在第二次編譯前，先make clean下。如果編譯時候仍有錯誤，可以重新解壓編譯。交叉編譯，需要配置 xplatform選項，比如要在arm-linux平臺上移植Qt的話，就在配置項中加上 -xplatform linux-arm-gnueabi-g++ ，這個是平臺名字，Qt5支持的交叉平臺都可在源碼頂層目錄中的 /qtbase/mkspecs/ 下找到。首先我們需要編輯qtbase/mkspecs/linux-arm-gnueabi-g++/qmake.conf：加上：（注意，和tslib類似，這里要加上其它什么支持的話，也是交叉編譯的庫的路徑） ~~~ QT_QPA_DEFAULT_PLATFORM = linuxfb QMAKE_CFLAGS_RELEASE += -O2 -march=armv7-a -lts QMAKE_CXXFLAGS_RELEASE += -O2 -march=armv7-a -lts QMAKE_INCDIR += /opt/tslib/include /opt/sqlite3/include QMAKE_LIBDIR += /opt/tslib/lib /opt/sqlite3/lib ~~~ 把arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc改成arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc等。然后再編輯配置腳本cfg_arm.sh ~~~ #!/bin/sh ./configure -verbose \ -prefix /opt/qt5.9.1-arm \ -confirm-license \ -opensource \ -release \ -make libs \ -xplatform linux-arm-gnueabi-g++ \ -optimized-qmake \ -pch \ -sql-sqlite -sqlite \ -qt-libjpeg \ -qt-libpng \ -qt-zlib \ -tslib \ -no-opengl \ -no-sse2 \ -no-openssl \ -no-cups \ -no-glib \ -no-dbus \ -no-xcb \ -no-separate-debug-info \ -I/opt/tslib/include -L/opt/tslib/lib \ -make examples -make tools -nomake tests -no-iconv ~~~ ~~~ make -j32 sudo make install ~~~ 完成后，相關文件在/opt/qt5.9.1-arm下。 ## 向開發板添加Qt庫首先將/opt/qt5.9.1-arm和/opt/tslib 復制到開發板的對應目錄下然后設置開發板 Qt 環境變量，vi /etc/bash.bashrc 添加下面內容： ~~~ export TSLIB_CONSOLEDEVICE=none export TSLIB_FBDEVICE=/dev/fb0 export TSLIB_TSDEVICE=/dev/input/event1 export TSLIB_CONFFILE=/opt/tslib/etc/ts.conf export TSLIB_PLUGINDIR=/opt/tslib/lib/ts export TSLIB_CALIBFILE=/etc/pointercal export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:/opt/tslib/lib:/opt/qt5.9.1-arm/lib export PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin/:/usr/sbin:/opt/tslib/bin export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH=/opt/qt5.9.1-arm/plugins export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=linuxfb:tty=/dev/fb0 export QT_QPA_FONTDIR=/opt/qt5.9.1-arm/lib/fonts export QT_QPA_GENERIC_PLUGINS=tslib:$TSLIB_TSDEVICE ~~~ 保存后生效上述內容：source /etc/bash.bashrc ## 參考資料 http://blog.csdn.net/newthinker_wei/article/details/39560109 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-03/98079.htm ## 附錄：QT配置幫助文件翻譯 Usage: configure [options] [assignments] 在命令行使用VAR=value來配置變量。每個大寫的庫名（用-list-libraries可以查看），支持這些后綴： _INCDIR, _LIBDIR, _PREFIX (INCDIR=PREFIX/include, LIBDIR=PREFIX/lib), _LIBS, and - on Windows and Darwin - _LIBS_DEBUG and _LIBS_RELEASE. E.g., ICU_PREFIX=/opt/icu42 ICU_LIBS="-licui18n -licuuc -licudata". 同時支持操作QMAKE_* 變量，來修改mkspec里指定的值，比如QMAKE_CXXFLAGS+=-g3. **頂層安裝路徑：** -prefix <dir> ...... 目標路徑（在開發板上的絕對路徑） [如果使能了developer-build，就是/usr/local/Qt-$QT_VERSION, $PWD] -extprefix <dir> ... 安裝路徑（在主機上的路徑，比prefix更多一個前置路徑），可不寫 [SYSROOT/PREFIX] -hostprefix [dir] .. The installation directory for build tools running on the host machine. If [dir] is not given, the current build directory will be used. [EXTPREFIX] -external-hostbindir <path> ... Path to Qt tools built for this machine. Use this when -platform does not match the current system, i.e., to make a Canadian Cross Build. **微調安裝路徑的分布**，注意除了-sysconfdir外的所有目錄需要在-prefix/-hostprefix下。（這里基本可以不配置） -bindir <dir> ......... Executables [PREFIX/bin] -headerdir <dir> ...... Header files [PREFIX/include] -libdir <dir> ......... Libraries [PREFIX/lib] -archdatadir <dir> .... Arch-dependent data [PREFIX] -plugindir <dir> ...... Plugins [ARCHDATADIR/plugins] -libexecdir <dir> ..... Helper programs [ARCHDATADIR/bin on Windows, ARCHDATADIR/libexec otherwise] -importdir <dir> ...... QML1 imports [ARCHDATADIR/imports] -qmldir <dir> ......... QML2 imports [ARCHDATADIR/qml] -datadir <dir> ........ Arch-independent data [PREFIX] -docdir <dir> ......... Documentation [DATADIR/doc] -translationdir <dir> . Translations [DATADIR/translations] -sysconfdir <dir> ..... Settings used by Qt programs [PREFIX/etc/xdg] -examplesdir <dir> .... Examples [PREFIX/examples] -testsdir <dir> ....... Tests [PREFIX/tests] -hostbindir <dir> ..... Host executables [HOSTPREFIX/bin] -hostlibdir <dir> ..... Host libraries [HOSTPREFIX/lib] -hostdatadir <dir> .... Data used by qmake [HOSTPREFIX] **對剩余的選項的約定：** 當一個選項描述符在一系列方括號內的變量之后，這個選項的解釋是：空選項表示yes；所有其他值是可能的前綴，比如-no-gui. Values are listed in the order they are tried if not specified; 'auto' 是 'yes/no'的簡寫. 單個 'yes' 和 'no' 表示沒有自動檢測的二進制選項。 **可配置的meta：** -help, -h ............ Display this help screen -verbose, -v ......... Print verbose messages during configuration -continue ............ Continue configure despite errors -redo ................ Re-configure with previously used options. Additional options may be passed, but will not be saved for later use by -redo. -recheck ............. Discard cached negative configure test results. Use this after installing missing dependencies. -recheck-all ......... Discard all cached configure test results. -feature-<feature> ... Enable <feature> -no-feature-<feature> Disable <feature> [none] -list-features ....... List available features. Note that some features have dedicated command line options as well. -list-libraries ...... List possible external dependencies. **構建選項：** -opensource .......... Build the Open-Source Edition of Qt -commercial .......... Build the Commercial Edition of Qt -confirm-license ..... Automatically acknowledge the license -release ............. Build Qt with debugging turned off [yes] -debug ............... Build Qt with debugging turned on [no] -debug-and-release ... Build two versions of Qt, with and without debugging turned on [yes] (Apple and Windows only) -optimize-debug ...... Enable debug-friendly optimizations in debug builds [auto] (Not supported with MSVC) -optimize-size ....... Optimize release builds for size instead of speed [no] -optimized-tools ..... Build optimized host tools even in debug build [no] -force-debug-info .... Create symbol files for release builds [no] -separate-debug-info . Split off debug information to separate files [no] -strip ............... Strip release binaries of unneeded symbols [yes] -force-asserts ....... Enable Q_ASSERT even in release builds [no] -developer-build ..... Compile and link Qt for developing Qt itself (exports for auto-tests, extra checks, etc.) [no] -shared .............. Build shared Qt libraries [yes] (no for UIKit) -static .............. Build static Qt libraries [no] (yes for UIKit) -framework ........... Build Qt framework bundles [yes] (Apple only) -platform <target> ... Select host mkspec [detected] -xplatform <target> .. Select target mkspec when cross-compiling [PLATFORM] -device <name> ....... Cross-compile for device <name> -device-option <key=value> ... Add option for the device mkspec -appstore-compliant .. Disable code that is not allowed in platform app stores. This is on by default for platforms which require distribution through an app store by default, in particular Android, iOS, tvOS, watchOS, and Universal Windows Platform. [auto] -qtnamespace <name> .. Wrap all Qt library code in 'namespace <name> {...}'. -qtlibinfix <infix> .. Rename all libQt5*.so to libQt5*<infix>.so. -testcocoon .......... Instrument with the TestCocoon code coverage tool [no] -gcov ................ Instrument with the GCov code coverage tool [no] -sanitize {address|thread|memory|undefined} Instrument with the specified compiler sanitizer. -c++std <edition> .... Select C++ standard <edition> [c++1z/c++14/c++11] (Not supported with MSVC) -sse2 ................ Use SSE2 instructions [auto] -sse3/-ssse3/-sse4.1/-sse4.2/-avx/-avx2/-avx512 Enable use of particular x86 instructions [auto] Enabled ones are still subject to runtime detection. -mips_dsp/-mips_dspr2 Use MIPS DSP/rev2 instructions [auto] -qreal <type> ........ typedef qreal to the specified type. [double] Note: this affects binary compatibility. -R <string> .......... Add an explicit runtime library path to the Qt libraries. Supports paths relative to LIBDIR. -rpath ............... Link Qt libraries and executables using the library install path as a runtime library path. Similar to -R LIBDIR. On Apple platforms, disabling this implies using absolute install names (based in LIBDIR) for dynamic libraries and frameworks. [auto] -reduce-exports ...... Reduce amount of exported symbols [auto] -reduce-relocations .. Reduce amount of relocations [auto] (Unix only) -plugin-manifests .... Embed manifests into plugins [no] (Windows only) -static-runtime ...... With -static, use static runtime [no] (Windows only) -pch ................. Use precompiled headers [auto] -ltcg ................ Use Link Time Code Generation [no] -use-gold-linker ..... Use the GNU gold linker [auto] -incredibuild-xge .... Use the IncrediBuild XGE [no] (Windows only) -make-tool <tool> .... Use <tool> to build qmake [nmake] (Windows only) -mp .................. Use multiple processors for compilation (MSVC only) -warnings-are-errors . Treat warnings as errors [no; yes if -developer-build] -silent .............. Reduce the build output so that warnings and errors can be seen more easily **構建環境：** -sysroot <dir> ....... Set <dir> as the target sysroot -gcc-sysroot ......... With -sysroot, pass --sysroot to the compiler [yes] -pkg-config .......... Use pkg-config [auto] (Unix only) -D <string> .......... Pass additional preprocessor define -I <string> .......... Pass additional include path -L <string> .......... Pass additional library path -F <string> .......... Pass additional framework path (Apple only) -sdk <sdk> ........... Build Qt using Apple provided SDK <sdk>. The argument should be one of the available SDKs as listed by 'xcodebuild -showsdks'. Note that the argument applies only to Qt libraries and applications built using the target mkspec - not host tools such as qmake, moc, rcc, etc. -android-sdk path .... Set Android SDK root path [$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT] -android-ndk path .... Set Android NDK root path [$ANDROID_NDK_ROOT] -android-ndk-platform Set Android platform -android-ndk-host .... Set Android NDK host (linux-x86, linux-x86_64, etc.) [$ANDROID_NDK_HOST] -android-arch ........ Set Android architecture (armeabi, armeabi-v7a, arm64-v8a, x86, x86_64, mips, mips64) -android-toolchain-version ... Set Android toolchain version -android-style-assets Automatically extract style assets from the device at run time. This option makes the Android style behave correctly, but also makes the Android platform plugin incompatible with the LGPL2.1. [yes] **組件選擇** -skip <repo> ......... Exclude an entire repository from the build. -make <part> ......... Add <part> to the list of parts to be built. Specifying this option clears the default list first. [libs and examples, also tools if not cross-building, also tests if -developer-build] -nomake <part> ....... Exclude <part> from the list of parts to be built. -compile-examples .... When unset, install only the sources of examples [yes] -gui ................. Build the Qt GUI module and dependencies [yes] -widgets ............. Build the Qt Widgets module and dependencies [yes] -no-dbus ............. Do not build the Qt D-Bus module [default on Android and Windows] -dbus-linked ......... Build Qt D-Bus and link to libdbus-1 [auto] -dbus-runtime ........ Build Qt D-Bus and dynamically load libdbus-1 [no] -accessibility ....... Enable accessibility support [yes] Note: Disabling accessibility is not recommended. -qml-debug ........... Enable QML debugging support [yes] Qt comes with bundled copies of some 3rd party libraries. These are used by default if auto-detection of the respective system library fails. **核心選項** -doubleconversion .... Select used double conversion library [system/qt/no] No implies use of sscanf_l and snprintf_l (imprecise). -glib ................ Enable Glib support [no; auto on Unix] -eventfd ............. Enable eventfd support -inotify ............. Enable inotify support -iconv ............... Enable iconv(3) support [posix/sun/gnu/no] (Unix only) -icu ................. Enable ICU support [auto] -pcre ................ Select used libpcre2 [system/qt] -pps ................. Enable PPS support [auto] (QNX only) -zlib ................ Select used zlib [system/qt] **日志后端** -journald .......... Enable journald support [no] (Unix only) -syslog ............ Enable syslog support [no] (Unix only) -slog2 ............. Enable slog2 support [auto] (QNX only) **網絡選擇** -ssl ................. Enable either SSL support method [auto] -no-openssl .......... Do not use OpenSSL [default on Apple and WinRT] -openssl-linked ...... Use OpenSSL and link to libssl [no] -openssl-runtime ..... Use OpenSSL and dynamically load libssl [auto] -securetransport ..... Use SecureTransport [auto] (Apple only) -sctp ................ Enable SCTP support [no] -libproxy ............ Enable use of libproxy [no] -system-proxies ...... Use system network proxies by default [yes] **Gui, 打印, 掛件選擇** -cups ................ Enable CUPS support [auto] (Unix only) -fontconfig .......... Enable Fontconfig support [auto] (Unix only) -freetype ............ Select used FreeType [system/qt/no] -harfbuzz ............ Select used HarfBuzz-NG [system/qt/no] (Not auto-detected on Apple and Windows) -gtk ................. Enable GTK platform theme support [auto] -lgmon ............... Enable lgmon support [auto] (QNX only) -no-opengl ........... Disable OpenGL support -opengl <api> ........ Enable OpenGL support. Supported APIs: es2 (default on Windows), desktop (default on Unix), dynamic (Windows only) -opengles3 ........... Enable OpenGL ES 3.x support instead of ES 2.x [auto] -angle ............... Use bundled ANGLE to support OpenGL ES 2.0 [auto] (Windows only) -combined-angle-lib .. Merge LibEGL and LibGLESv2 into LibANGLE (Windows only) -qpa <name> .......... Select default QPA backend (e.g., xcb, cocoa, windows) -xcb-xlib............. Enable Xcb-Xlib support [auto] **平臺后端：** -direct2d .......... Enable Direct2D support [auto] (Windows only) -directfb .......... Enable DirectFB support [no] (Unix only) -eglfs ............. Enable EGLFS support [auto; no on Android and Windows] -gbm ............... Enable backends for GBM [auto] (Linux only) -kms ............... Enable backends for KMS [auto] (Linux only) -linuxfb ........... Enable Linux Framebuffer support [auto] (Linux only) -mirclient ......... Enable Mir client support [no] (Linux only) -xcb ............... Select used xcb-* libraries [system/qt/no] (-qt-xcb still uses system version of libxcb itself) **輸入后端** -evdev ............. Enable evdev support [auto] -imf ............... Enable IMF support [auto] (QNX only) -libinput .......... Enable libinput support [auto] -mtdev ............. Enable mtdev support [auto] -tslib ............. Enable tslib support [auto] -xinput2 ........... Enable XInput2 support [auto] -xkbcommon-x11 ..... Select xkbcommon used in combination with xcb [system/qt/no] -xkb-config-root <dir> ... With -qt-xkbcommon-x11, set default XKB config root <dir> [detect] -xkbcommon-evdev ... Enable X-less xkbcommon in combination with libinput [auto] **圖像格式** -gif ............... Enable reading support for GIF [auto] -ico ............... Enable support for ICO [yes] -libpng ............ Select used libpng [system/qt/no] -libjpeg ........... Select used libjpeg [system/qt/no] **數據庫選項** -sql-<driver> ........ Enable SQL <driver> plugin. Supported drivers: db2 ibase mysql oci odbc psql sqlite2 sqlite tds [all auto] -sqlite .............. Select used sqlite3 [system/qt] **Qt3D 選項** -assimp .............. Select used assimp library [system/qt/no] -qt3d-profile-jobs ... Enable jobs profiling [no] -qt3d-profile-gl ..... Enable OpenGL profiling [no] **多媒體選項** -pulseaudio .......... Enable PulseAudio support [auto] (Unix only) -alsa ................ Enable ALSA support [auto] (Unix only) -no-gstreamer ........ Disable support for GStreamer -gstreamer [version] . Enable GStreamer support [auto] With no parameter, 1.0 is tried first, then 0.10. -mediaplayer-backend <name> ... Select media player backend (Windows only) Supported backends: directshow (default), wmf